1、1Agriculture 农业General term 一般词汇land, soil 土壤arable land, tilled land 耕地dry soil 旱田fertile soil 沃土,肥沃的土壤humus 腐殖质irrigable land 水浇地lean soil, poor soil 贫瘠土壤wasteland, barren land 荒地grass 草grassland 草地meadow 草甸prairie 大草原pasture land 牧场to lie fallow 休闲fallow 休闲地stubble, stubble field 亩茬地straw, hay 稿杆
2、rural population 农村人口rural exodus 农村迁徙land reform, agrarian reform 土地改革mechanization of farming 农业机械化mechanized farming 机械化耕作farm 农场cattle farm 奶牛场ranch 大农场,牧场hacienda 庄园holding 田产plot, parcel, lot 地块cooperative farm 合作农场collective farm 集体农场country, countryside 农村countryman 农民,农夫countrywoman 农民,农妇ag
3、ronomist 农学家latifundium, large landed estate 大农场主farmer 农户producer 农业工人settle 佃户landowner 地主,土地拥有者absentee landlord 外居地主smallholder, small farmer 小农rancher 牧场主tenant farmer, leaseholder 土地租用人sharecropper 佃农ploughman 农夫 ,犁田者farm labourers 农场工人,农业工人 (美作:farm laborers)farm hand 农场短工cattle farmer 牧场工人co
4、wherd, cowboy 牛仔shepherd 牧人fruit grower 果农vinegrower 葡萄栽植者vintager 采葡萄者farming, husbandry 农业animal husbandry, animal breeding 畜牧业dairy farming 乳品业,乳牛业horticulture 园艺market gardening 商品蔬菜种植业fruit growing 果树栽培vinegrowing, viticulture 葡萄栽培olive growing 油橄榄栽培arboriculture 树艺学silviculture 造林学agricultural
5、 products, farm products 农产品foodstuffs 食品dairy produce, dairy products 乳制品dairy industry 乳品加工业crop year, farming year 农事年season 季节agricultural, commodities market 农业市场livestock 牲畜farming and herding 农场和牧场farmhouse 农舍pasture 牧场overalls 稻草人haystacks 大干草垛silo 筒仓granary 谷仓outbuildings 附属建筑2barn, shed 棚g
6、ranary, grain store 粮仓chicken house 鸡场windmill 磨坊implement shed 农具房grain silo 谷粮仓hayloft 干草棚stable 畜栏litter 褥草cowshed 牛棚corral 围栏dairy barn 挤奶厂pigpen 猪圈 (美作:hog pen)sheep pen, fold 羊圈rabbit hutch 兔窝hen house, henroost 鸡舍incubator, brooder 孵卵室laying house 产蛋室watering trough, drinking trough 饮水器piglet
7、 猪仔boar 公猪feeding trough, feed trough 喂食器feeding rack, manger, crib 饲槽greenhouse, glasshouse 温室nursery 苗圃seedbed 苗床threshing floor 打谷场manure heap, dung heap 麦堆field 田地corn field 麦地furrow 沟,渠ridge 垅clod 土块terrace 梯田haystack, hayrick 草垛shock 禾捆堆sheaf 禾捆plantation 栽植cabbage patch 圆白菜地tomato patch 土豆地vi
8、neyard 葡萄园kitchen garden 菜园market garden 商品菜园orchard 果园cultivate 耕作land tenure 土地所有制tenancy, leasing, lease 租佃land settlement policy 殖民政策 ,移民政策land consolidation 土地集约to cultivate, to farm 耕作to till, to manage, to run 经营dry farming 旱作农业irrigated farming 灌溉农业extensive cultivation 粗放耕作intensive cultiva
9、tion 集约耕作crop rotation 轮作mixed farming 多种经营single-crop farming 单一经营to clear 采伐to weed 除草to plough 犁,耕 (美作:to plow)ploughing 耕作 (美作:plowing)to fallow, to plough up, to turn 休闲to loosen 松土to dig 挖掘to earth up 覆土to harrow, to rake 耙to grow 栽培to plant 栽植to transplant, to plant out 移植seed 种子to sow 播种broa
10、dcasting, broadcast sowing 撒播to stake 支木柱stake 支柱to prune 修剪 ,整枝pruning 修剪,整枝to graft 嫁接to harvest 收获harvest, harvesting 收获reaping 收割to pick 采摘picking 采摘to cut, to mow 刈割cutting, mowing 刈割to thresh 脱粒3threshing 脱粒haymaking 割晒牧草to bind(into sheaves) 捆,扎to ensile, to pit 青贮soil improvement, soil dress
11、ing 土壤改良land reclamation 开垦荒地irrigation ditch, irrigation channel 灌渠manure 肥料to manure 施肥fertilizer 化学肥料to fertilize 施化肥spreading 撒布to fumigate 熏蒸to spray 喷射insecticide 杀虫剂pesticide 农药weed killer, herbicide 除草剂pest 农业害虫parasite 寄生虫locust 蝗虫termite 白蚁rodent 啮齿类weeds 杂草rust 锈病smut 黑穗病mildew 霉病ergot 麦角
12、phylloxera 葡萄根病蚜agricultural equipment 农机设备shovel 铁锹spade 铲hoe 锄weeding hoe 除草锄mechanical hoe 动力锄rake 搂草机fork 叉子hayfork, pitchfork 干草叉scythe 大钐刀sickle 镰刀flail 连枷billhook, brushhook 钩镰(field)roller 滚压器plough 犁 (美作:plow)ridging plough, ridger 起垄犁weeding machine 除草机weeder, weeding hook 除草锄weeding fork
13、除草叉disc harrow 圆盘耙clod crusher 碎土块机tractor 拖拉机sprinkler 喷水器 ,人工降雨器manure spreader 撒肥机fertilizer distributor 化肥撒肥机rotovator 中耕机 (美作:cultivator)planter 种植机disk harrow 圆盘耙cotton picker 摘棉机potato harvester 马铃薯收割机seeder, broadcaster 播种机seed drill, drilling machine 条播机mower 割草机(power)mower 动力割草机harvester,
14、 reaper 收割机combine (harvester) 联合收割机binder 捆束机bale loader 装草机harvesting machinery 收割机械threshing machine, thresher 脱粒机winnower, winnowing machine 风选机sheafer 束禾机grader, sorter 分类机,分级机sieve 细筛winepress 葡萄榨汁机milking machine 挤奶机churn 搅乳器farm product and pasture product 农牧产品cereals, grain 谷物coarse grain 谷
15、粒rye 黑麦barley 大麦4oats 燕麦millet 粟,黍sorghum 高粱bran 麸 ,糠flour, meal 粗磨谷粉wheat 小麦maize 玉米 (美作:corn)maize cob 玉米棒子 (美作:corn cob)rice 稻buckwheat 荞麦tea 茶coffee 咖啡cocoa 可可树coca 古柯tobacco 烟草hop 蛇麻,啤酒花tuber crops 块茎作物sugar beet 糖用甜菜potato 马铃薯sweet potato 甘薯vegetables 蔬菜carrot 胡萝卜cassava, manioc 木薯turnip 芜菁yam
16、 山药,薯蓣pulses, leguminous plants 豆类植物bean 菜豆pea 豌豆chick-pea 鹰嘴豆lentil 小扁豆soya bean 大豆 (美作:soybean)forage plants 饲料食物fodder grain 饲用谷物clover 三叶草lucern, lucerne 苜蓿 (美作:alfalfa)textile plants 纤维植物cotton 棉,草棉flax 亚麻hemp 大麻American agave 龙舌兰sisal 剑麻,西沙尔麻kapok tree 木棉树jute 黄麻Manila hemp 马尼拉麻raffia 酒椰yucca
17、丝兰oil plants 油料植物sunflower 向日葵groundnut, peanut 落花生olive 油橄榄olive tree 油橄榄树sesame 芝麻castor oil plant 蓖麻rape seed 油菜籽rubber tree 橡胶树resin plant 树脂植物mangrove 红树fruits 水果fruit tree 果树grapevine 葡萄藤grape 葡萄turkey 火鸡chicken 鸡piglet 猪仔sow 母猪boar 公猪sheep 绵羊ram 公羊ewe 母羊lamb 羊羔mutton 羊肉colt 雄马驹filly 雌马驹horse
18、马cow 奶牛bull 公牛calf 水牛Arts 艺术General term 一般词汇work 作品work of art 艺术作品masterpiece 杰作plastic arts 造型艺术graphic arts 形象艺术Fine Arts 美术5art gallery 画廊,美术馆salon 沙龙exhibition 展览collection 收藏author 作者style 风格inspiration 灵感,启发muse 灵感purism 修辞癖conceptism 格言派,警名派Byzantine 拜占庭式Romanesaue 罗马式Gothic 哥特式Baroque 巴洛克式
19、Rococo 洛可可式classicism 古典主义,古典风格neoclassicism 新古典主义romanticism 浪漫主义realism 现实主义symbolism 象征主义impressionism 印象主义Art Nouveau 新艺术主义expressionism 表现主义Fauvism 野兽派abstract art 抽象派, 抽象主义Cubism 立体派 , 立体主义Dadaism 达达主义surrealism 超现实主义naturalism 自然主义existentialism 存在主义futurism 未来主义Literature 文学classical literat
20、ure 古典文学contemporary literature 现代文学popular literature 大众文学light literature 通俗文学folklore 民间文学saga (river) novel 长篇小说short novel, long short story 中篇小说short story 短篇小说love story 爱情小说deterctive story 侦破小说mystery story 怪诞小说whodunit 推理小说humorous story 幽默小说historical novel 历史小说essay 随笔book of travels 游记r
21、eportage 报告文学criticism 评论best seller 畅销书anthology 选集the complete works(of) 全集edition, printing 版masterpiece 杰作copyright 版权, 著作权deluxe binding 精装flat stitching 平装smyth sewed 线装humanities 人文学科writer 作家book 书volume 卷theatre 戏剧 (美作:theater)drama 话剧comedy 喜剧tragedy 悲剧farce 滑稽剧play 剧本the three unities 三一律
22、(一个情节 ,一个地点,一个时间)playwright 编剧act 幕scene 场plot 情节intrigue 错综复杂的剧情story 故事episode 逸事ending, denouement 结局poetry 诗歌poet 诗人poem 诗epic poetry 史诗epopee 叙事诗ode 颂歌sonnet 十四行诗6verse, stanza (诗)节line (诗) 行rhyme 韵脚,押韵metrics 韵律学,格律学prose 散文novel 小说biography 自传allegory 寓言science fiction 科幻,科学幻想小说satire 讽刺诗essa
23、y 杂文composition 学术著作rhetoric 修辞学oratory 讲演术declamation 朗诵技巧improvisation 即席讲演criticism 批判主义critic 批评家wit 才智,创作才能eloquence 文才lyricism 抒情性Painting 绘画artist 大师 , 艺术家brush drawing 毛笔画Chinese painting 国画charcoal pencil 炭笔pigment 颜料painter 画家cave painting, rupestrian painting 石洞壁画oil painting 油画painting i
24、n fresco 壁画tempera painting 胶画gouache 树胶水彩画watercolour 水彩画 (美作:watercolor)pastel drawing 蜡笔画wash 水墨画sanguine 红铅笔画miniature 细密画engraving 版画painting, drawing 画drawing from nature 写生画mechanical drawing 机械画tracing 临摹chiaroscuro 单色画design 描绘sketch 草稿study 习作triptych, triptich 三联画portrait 画像self-portrait
25、自画像model 模特caricature 漫画nude 裸体画profile 轮廓foreshortened figure 透视画法landscape 风景画seascape 海景画still life 静物画tapestry 壁毯perspective 透视画colouring 色彩 (美作:coloring)shade 阴影cubism 立体主义,主体派abstract 抽象派figurative 造型的brush 画笔stroke 一笔finishing touch 最后一笔easel 画架,调色板palette 画板palette knife 调色刀spatula 绘画抹刀,刮铲pi
26、cture, painting 图画frame 画框chassis 画布绷架canvas 画布studio 画室pinacotheca 画廊,美术馆Sculpture 雕塑sculptor 雕塑学carving 雕刻religious imagery 圣像雕塑statue 人像figure 塑像7study 粗样bronze 铜像terra-cotta 粘土wrought iron 锻铁bust 半身像,胸像caryatid 女像柱retable, altarpiece 组塑,祭坛装饰stele 石碑high relief 高浮雕low relief, bas-relief 浅浮雕mould
27、模子 (美作:mold)cast 模制品casting 模制,铸造repoussage, repousse work 凸纹饰物workshop 工作间Architecture 建筑architect 建设师plan 设计图town planning 城市规划 (美作:city planning)Doric 多利安式Ionic 爱奥尼亚式Corinthian 科林斯式Composite 混合式Tuscan order 托斯卡纳式Gothic 哥特式flamboyant Gothic 哥特式的火焰状饰Romanesque 罗马式barroque 巴洛克式plateresque 带复杂花叶形装饰的r
28、ococo 洛可可式building 建筑物arch 拱vault 穹顶ogive 葱形饰;尖形拱顶facade 侧面frontispiece 三角墙,山墙column 柱pilaster 壁柱,半露柱pediment 山墙饰,山花fronton 山墙astronautics 航天launch a satellite 发射卫星launch pad 发射台multistage rocket 多级火箭second stage 第二级third stage 第三级orbit 轨道artificial satellite 人造卫星Telstar 通信卫星antenna 天线solar cell 太阳电
29、池spacecraft 航天器lunar module 登月舱LM-maneuvering rockets 登月舱机动火箭landing pad 着陆架service module 服务舱directional antenna 定向天线nozzle of the main engine 主发动机喷嘴lunar module 登月舱ascent stage 上升段descent stage 下降段hatch 舱口ladder 扶梯command module 指令舱service module 服务舱astronaut 航天员space suit 航天服emergency oxygen appa
30、ratus 应急供氧装置access flap 接口盖life support system 生命维持系统Automobile 汽车General term 一般词汇first gear 一档second gear 二档reverse 倒车档two-stroke engine 二冲程发动机diesel 柴油机limousine 豪华桥车8drophead 活动车篷汽车 (美作:convertible)racing car 赛车saloon 轿车 (美作:sedan)roadster 敞蓬车wecker, beat-up car, jalopy 老爷车notchback 客货两用车four-wh
31、eel drive 四轮驱动front-wheel drive 前轮驱动trailer 拖车station wagon 小旅行车truck 卡车compact car 小型汽车light-van 小型货车garbage truck 垃圾车automobile carrier 货运卡车fire engine 消防车tractor 牵引车ambulance 救护车taxi 出租车 , 计程车trailer truck 拖车sports car 跑车formula car 方程式赛车, 方程式汽车mail car 邮车jeep 吉普车bloodmobile 血浆车bumper car 碰撞用汽车ca
32、mper 露营车police car 警车wrecker 清障车ambulance 急救车Automobile external parts 汽车外设front wheel 前轮rear wheel 后轮tread 轮距chassis 底盘bodywork, body 车身rear window 后窗玻璃windscreen 挡风玻璃 (美作:windshield)windscreen wiper 风档刮水器,风档雨雪刷 (美作:windshield wiper)fender, wing, mudguard 挡泥板radiator grille 水箱wing mirror 后视镜bonnet
33、发动机盖 (美作:hood)boot 行李箱 (美作:trunk)roof rack, luggage rack 行李架license plate, number plate 车号牌wing 前翼子板hubcap 轮毂罩bumper 保险杠front blinker 前信号灯taillight, tail lamp 尾灯backup light, reversing light 倒车灯stoplight, stop lamp 刹车灯rear blinker 转弯指示灯trunk, boot 行李箱bumper 保险杠tailpipe 排气管Automobile internal parts 内
34、部back seat, rear seat 后座drivers seat, driving seat 驾驶席passenger seat 旅客席steering wheel, wheel 方向盘rear-view mirror, driving mirror 后视镜horn, hooter 喇叭choke 熄火装置gear stick, gear change 变速杆 (美作:gearshift)gearbox 变速箱starter, self-starter 起动器,起动钮brake pedal 刹车踏板clutch pedal 离合器踏板hand brake 手制动器foot brake
35、脚制动器dashboard 仪表板milometer 里程表speedometer, clock 速度表transmission 传动piston 活塞radiator 散热器9fan belt 风扇皮带shaft 传动轴inner tube 内胎drain tap 排气阀门silencer 消音器 (美作:muffler)tank 油箱overflow 溢流孔valve 阀门exhaust pipe 排气管spare wheel 备胎,备用轮胎carburettor 汽化器 (美化:carburetor)Electricity 电气electrical system, wiring 电气系统
36、lights 灯光headlight 大灯,头灯dipped headlight 近光灯rear lights 尾灯sidelights, parking lights 位置灯,边灯direction indicator 方向标,转向标indicator, blinker 方向指示灯sparking plug 火花塞 (美作:spark plug)(spare) battery (备用)蓄电池repair and maintenance 保养insulating tape 绝缘胶带jack 千斤顶can, jerrican 油桶fuel 燃油petrol 汽油 (美作:gas)oil 油料lu
37、brication, oiling 润滑油antifreeze 防冻液cooling water 冷却水antiskid 防滑装置tyre chain 防滑链 (美作:tire chain)toolbox, tool kit 工具箱crank 摇把breakdown lorry, breakdown van 救援车辆 (美作:tow car,tow truck)spare parts, spares 备件dipstick 油尺oil change 换油to vulcanize 硫化to inflate 充气tyre pressure 轮胎气压 (美作:tire pressure)to fill
38、 the tank 加油petrol pump 加油泵 (美作:gasoline pump)pump, air pump 气泵to adjust 整修to charge a battery, to recharge a battery 给蓄电池充电to decoke 脱硫 (美作:to decarbonize)breakdown 故障mechanical failure 机械故障repair shop 维修车间to seize up 运转不畅accident 事故puncture, blowout 碰撞patch 修补to skid 打滑to knock 发出撞击声to tow, to tak
39、e in tow 拖,拖曳accident insurance 事故保险insurance against theft 防盗保险fully comprehensive insurance 全险third-party insurance 第三方保险Driving 驾驶driving licence 驾驶执照 (美作:drivers license)highway code 交通法规traffic sign, road sign 交通标志to accelerate 加速to brake 制动,刹车to engage the clutch 接上离合器to declutch 分开离合器to stall
40、 发动机停转to change gear 变速to start up 起动to put ones foot down 加速 ,踏下加速踏板 (美作:to step on the gas)to overtake 向前行驶10to decelerate 减速top speed 最高速度speed limit 速度限制to park 停车car park 停车场 (美作:parking lot)to switch off the motor 熄火motorway 高速公路 (美作:freeway,superhighway)toll road 收费公路 (美作:turnpike)traffic jam
41、 路障Trademarks 品牌Benz, Mercedes-Benz 奔驰Cadillac 卡迪拉克Chrysler 克莱斯勒Chevroler 雪佛莱Citroen 雪铁龙Ford 福特Honda 本田Mazda 马自达Mustang 野马Porsche 保时捷Renault 雷诺Rolls-Royce 罗尔斯罗伊斯Santana 桑塔纳Toyota 丰田Volvo 沃尔沃, 富豪Volkswagen 大众Baseball and softball 棒球和垒球baseball 棒球baseball field, baseball ground 棒球场softball 垒球softball
42、field, softball ground 垒球场infield,diamond 内场outfield 外场fair territory 界内地区foul territory 界外地区foul line 边线base line 垒间线base 垒bag 垒垫, 垒包home base 本垒first base 一垒second base 二垒third base 三垒home plate 本垒板pitchers plate 投手板pitchers mound （棒球）投手土墩pitchers circle （垒球）投手圈batters box 击球员区on deck circle 击球员准备
43、区catchers box 接手区coachers box 跑垒指导员区bench, dug-out 队员席bull-pen 候补投手练习区glove 手套, 分指手套milt 合指手套bat 球棒mask 护面chest protector 护胸leg protector 护腿supporter 护裆helmet 护帽baseball player 棒球运动员softball player 垒球运动员pitcher 投手catcher 接手fielder 守场员baseman 守垒员infielder 内场手first baseman 一垒手second baseman 二垒手third baseman 三垒手shortstop 游击手outfielder 外场手batter, hitter 击球员base-runner 跑垒员batter-runner 击跑员relief pitcher 候援投手designated hitter (DH) 指名击球员coacher 跑垒指导员
