1、英语辅修、双学位专业 2009 级英译汉课程讲义2009-7-6I. Translation and Translation StudiesII. Factors Involved in TranslationIII. Translation CriteriaIV. Translation ProcessV. Translation Practice5.1 Sentence Translation1. He wanted to run, but that would be the worst thing he could do.2. Linda is a good singer and a g
2、ood dancer, a great actress and a great joker.3. The little chaps good-natured honest face won his way for him.4. Somehow our path took us toward the park.5. Hows the world treating you?6. Great was the excitement as procession after procession poured its eager masses into the town.7. He was convinc
3、ed on the basis of what had by then appeared that there would be a long and a difficult struggle.8. John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.5.2 Text TranslationYou might think that borrowing a match upon the street is a simple thing. But any man who has ever tired it will assure yo
4、u that it is not, and will be prepared to swear on oath to the truth of my experience of the other evening.I was standing on the corner of the street with a cigar that I wanted to light. I had no match. I waited till a decent, ordinary man came along. Then I said:“Excuse me, sir, but could you oblig
5、e me with the loan of a match?”“A match?” he said, “Why, certainly.” Then he unbuttoned his overcoat and put his hand in the pocket of his waistcoat. “I know I have one,” he went on, “and, Id almost swear its in the bottom pocketor, hold on, though, I guess it may be in the topjust wait till I put t
6、hese parcels down on the sidewalk.”“Oh, dont trouble,” I said, “its really of no consequence.”“Oh, its no trouble. Ill have it in a minute: I know there must be one in here somewhere,”he was digging his fingers into his pockets as he spoke“but you see this isnt the waistcoat I generally”I saw that t
7、he man was getting excited about it.” Well, never mind,” I protested. “If that isnt the waistcoat that you generallywhy, it doesnt matter.” (to be continued)2009-7-6参考译文句子翻译:1. 他真想拔腿就跑,但对他来说,最糟糕的事莫过于此。应采用“增词译法” ,表达出语气2. 琳达歌唱得好,舞跳得好/能歌善舞,又会演戏,人又幽默/又会开玩笑。原句的几个名词应转译为动词3. 小伙子面相老实,为人随和,到那都吃得开。应转换原句的非人称主语
8、,引申词义 4. 不知不觉,我们朝着公园走去。应转换原句的非人称主语 5. 你觉得怎样?/ 近况如何? / 最近还可以吧?宜改变说法6. 兴奋的人们一群又一群,一对又一队,涌进城里,简直热闹非凡。应转换原句的非人称主语,引申词义7. 依照当时已经发生的情况,他深信不疑,以后会有一场漫长而艰难的斗争。应捋清原句的结构和调整原句的逻辑顺序,适应汉语的习惯8. 他是一个值得信赖的人,为人忠诚,又守规矩。/ 他忠诚得斋日不吃荤,凡事都循规蹈矩。 字面上的 eat no fish 源自英国历史上的新教与旧教之争, “不吃鱼”应引申为“忠诚” ;玩游戏 play the game 应引申为“遵守规矩”段落
9、翻译:你也许以为在马路上跟人借个火是小事一桩。可真借过火柴的人都会一口咬定并非如此。我前儿个晚上遇到的事,他们都会毫不犹豫地替我担保,说是不会有假。我当时正站在街口,想点燃手里拿着的雪茄烟。我没有火柴。我终于等来了一位满像样的普通人。于是我说了:“劳驾您,先生,能借根火柴吗?”“火柴?” 他说, “噢,没问题。 ”于是他解开大衣,把手伸进背心的口袋。 “我知道有根火柴, ”他接着说, “肯定是在下边的兜里 不过,等一下,也许在上边的兜里等一等,我先把这几包东西放下,就搁在道旁。 ”“啊,别麻烦啦, ”我说, “我真没什么要紧的。 ”“噢,不麻烦,马上就有了,我知道这里边保准有一根, ”他一边说
10、,一边把手指头伸进两边的兜里 “可你要知道,这件背心不是我平常 ”我看这人越来越上劲儿了。 “哦,没关系,:我劝阻道: “就说这件背心不是你平常 嗐,不要紧。 ”注释:1. 作者 Stephen Lencock(18691944) ,是加拿大政治经济学家,但以幽默作家著称,其作品多属离奇古怪和讽刺挖苦的故事、小品文等。2. be prepared to本作“ 有作的准备”解,此处意即“ 随时”、 “立即”、 “不假思索” 。3. could you oblige me with a loan of match?等于 would (will ) you be kind enough to len
11、d me a match?作者故意用古板的语言表达问话,已示幽默。4. I protested 此处不宜译为“我抗议” 。在文中作“我提出异议 ”解,可结合上下文译为“我劝阻道” 。2009-7-7DictionI. Sentence Translation1. He incited the soldiers to fight bravely.2. He was charged with inciting people to violence.3. “What do you do with so many apples?”“We eat what we can and what we cant
12、 we can.”4. The music was fine, but the book was poor.5. On display was merchandise attractive in price and quality.6. When I go around on speaking engagements, they all expect me to assume a Quaker-Oats look.7. He is a valuable acquisition to the team.8. “Lets go home.” “You said it! Im tired.”9. W
13、hen Joshua was two years old he was impossible, a typical “Terrible Two”. He was destructive, stubborn, and violent.10. He was dead and survived by his wife and two children. Text Translation“Hold on, now, hold on!” the man said, “Ive got one of the cursed things in here somewhere. I guess it must b
14、e in with my watch. No, its not there either. Wait till I try my coat. If that confounded tailor only knew enough to make a pocket so that a man could get at it!”He was getting pretty well worked up now. He had thrown down his walking-stick and was plunging at his pockets with his teeth set. “Its th
15、at cursed young boy of mine,:” he hissed, “This comes of his fooling in my pockets. By God! Perhaps I wont warm him up when I get home. Say, Ill bet that its in my hip-pocket. You just hold up the tail of my overcoat a second till I”“No, no,” I protested again, “please dont take all these trouble; i
16、t really doesnt matter. Im sure you neednt take off your overcoat, and oh, pray dont throw away your letters and things in the snow like that, and tear out your pockets by the roots! Please, please dont trample over your overcoat and put your feet through the parcels. I do hate to hear you swearing
17、at your little boy, with that peculiar whine in your voice. Dontplease dont tear your clothes so savagely.”Suddenly the man gave a grunt of exultation, and drew his hand up from inside the lining of his coat.“Ive got it,” he cried. “Here you are!” Then he brought it out under the light.It was a toot
18、hpick.Yielding to the impulse of the moment I pushed him under the wheels of a trolley-car and ran.2009-7-7参考译文句子翻译:1. 他激励士兵勇敢作战。incited 的情感色彩词义原本是中性,此处应译为褒义2. 他被控煽动暴动。incited 的情感色彩词义原本是中性,此处应译为贬义3. 拿这么多苹果干什么?我们尽量吃,吃不完的就做罐头。最后一个词 can 的语境意义是动词的“做罐头”4. 音乐很出色,但歌词很糟。此处 book 的语境意义是“歌词”5. 陈列的商品价廉物美。此处 mer
19、chandise 的语境意义应引申译为具体的“商品”6. 我应邀外出演讲,他们都指望我摆出一副毫无表情、一本正经的面孔。此处 Quaker-Oats 本义是欧美一种麦片商标,商标上的老头形象毫无表情,应引申翻译7. 他是该队不可多得的新队员。此处 acquisition 应由抽象词义“获得”引申为具体意义8. 咱们回家吧。好的,咱们回家吧。我累了。You said it = Youre right; I agree9. 乔舒亚两岁时变得异常调皮,是个不折不扣的淘气“两岁魔王” 。他脾气很犟,爱动武,还到处搞破坏。此处的 Terrible Two 是心理学术语,用来概括两岁儿童的心理和行为特征,
20、其中的two 指年龄 10. 他死了,撇下妻子和两个孩子。survive 是个多义词,此处意义应为 live or exist longer than, 又用在被动语态中,故有此译。应注意多义词的“同词异译”现象段落翻译:“等一下,嗨,等一下!” 那人说道, “这里头有个什么鬼东西来着。我想是在我表兜里。不对,还是没有。等等,我来看看上衣。那家该死的裁缝也真不开窍,缝的兜儿要是够得着里头就好啦!”他现在已是一发不可收拾了。他扔下了手杖,咬紧牙关,全力以赴地掏衣兜。都怪我那个害人精小崽, “他嘴里嗤嗤有声。 ”没事儿老翻我衣兜儿。老天在上,我回家可别逗他玩了。唔,火柴肯定是在屁股兜儿里。你只消把
21、我的大衣后摆掀一下,等我”“别,别, ”我又劝阻他, “别这么费心啦,真的没关系。我确实认为你不必脱大衣。嗐,千万别把信件什么的都这样扔到雪地里,别把衣兜全扯掉了!求求你了,别踩着你的大衣,别踢者那几包东西。我实在不爱听你骂你的小孩,那么怪里怪气地嘀咕没完。别求你别这么粗手粗脚地把衣服都扯坏了。 ”突然间,只听得这人嘟哝一声叫的好欢,他一只手从上衣的衬料底下抽了出来。“我有了, ”他喊道。 “你瞧!”他随即把东西拿了出来。原来是一根牙签。我一时性起,真恨不得把他推到电车轮子下,撒腿便跑。注释:5. now 在此用来引起对方注意,不作“现在”解,可译为“嗨” 、 “好” 、 “嗳”等。6. co
22、mes of 作“ 由 引起” 或 “是的结果”解,例:Now you see what comes of being careless. (现在你该看到粗心大意的后果了。)7. warmup 本作 “使活跃(兴奋、激动)起来” 解,例:The speaker cracked a few jokes to warm up the audience. (演说者讲了几个笑话,使听众活跃起来。)现根据上下文译为“逗玩”。8. 最后一句表达的使想做而未做的事,实际上事虚拟,等于“ I could have pushed himand run,”故译文用了添加语。2009-7-8ConversionI.
23、 Sentence Translation1. Let me be your banker.2. We are enemies of all aggressive wars.3. No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of the older generation rushing back to 36 years ago.4. Thanks to his boy friends rescue, she could return home safely.5. She hurried to her
24、boy friends rescue.6. The road has an ascent of five degrees.7. Hydrogen is found in many compounds.8. No complaints passed her lips.9. A painful hush seized the crowd.10. Students get a discount of 20% on air fares.II. Text TranslationTime was in my life when the dawn happened to other people. I wa
25、s definitely not a morning person; I associated the sunrise with long flights across many time zones and groggy strolls around strange cities waiting for my hotel room to become available. Then I had children, and the first light took on new meaning. Sometimes it was the sigh at the end of a fretful
26、 night up with a feverish baby; or the opposite, the joyous cry of an exuberant 3-year-old eager to get the day going. It was only later, when mornings were taken over by the getting-to-school frenzy, that I discovered the serenity of the surprisingly fast transition from night to day. For the small
27、 price of 15 minutes of sleep I could buy 15 minutes of solitary peacewith a cup of coffee and the newspaper. Given the tidbit of time at my disposal, I developed the habit of skimming the paper, which quickly came down to a surreptitious and almost superstitious ritual of checking out obituaries.(选
28、自中国翻译 )2009-7-8参考译文句子翻译1. 你需要钱,我可以借给你。名词 banker 转译为动词2. 我们反对一切侵略战争。名词 enemy 转译为动词3. 难怪老一辈得许多人见了这个就会想起 36 年前的事。名词短语 the sight of 转译为动词4. 幸亏男朋友的救助,她才能安全回家。此句的属格或所有格+名词,即 genitive or possessive + noun,具有主动意义 denoting active sense5. 她赶快去救男朋友。此句的属格或所有格 +名词,即 genitive or possessive + noun,具有被动意义 denoting
29、passive sense6. 这条路的坡度为五度。此句的宾语 ascent 转译为主语7. 许多化合物中都有氢。此句的主语 hydrogen 转译为宾语8. 她从不抱怨。把原句的非人称主语转换为人称主语9. 人群一下痛苦地沉默了下来。把原句的非人称主语转换为人称主语 10. 学生买机票可打八折。转换视角段落翻译我生命中有段日子,黎明与我无缘。当然,我并不是一个喜欢起早的人。一想起黎明,就让我想起穿越许多时区的长途飞行,因为酒店的房间还没有腾出,我只好在陌生的城市中昏昏沉沉、漫无目地闲逛。后来,我有了孩子,黎明的第一道曙光才有了新的意义。有时候,黎明是我陪伴高烧的孩子度过焦躁不安的一夜之后的一
30、声叹息;有时候则恰恰相反,黎明是我那精力旺盛的三岁孩子急切盼望开始新的一天的一阵欢叫。再后来,黎明变成了送孩子上学前的忙乱,而正是在这个时刻,我才发现,昼夜更替是如此的静谧、转瞬即逝。我如果少睡一刻钟,就能享受 15 分钟独处的安宁,喝一杯咖啡,看一份报纸。有了这一丁点可以独自享用的美妙时光,我逐渐养成了快速浏览报纸的习惯,后来很快演变成查看讣闻的习惯,最后,这一习惯几乎成了一种暗地里进行的、接近荒谬的黎明仪式。2009-7-9AdditionI. Sentence Translation1. Water evaporates more rapidly when the temperature
31、 is high than when it is low.2. Divorce is increasing in this country with growing urbanization.3. Footsteps announced his return.4. This report summed up the new achievements made in electron tubes, semiconductors and components.5. It was Friday and soon theyd go out and get drunk.6. I saw a Turner
32、 on the wall.7. I wish I could also speak Chinese. The language is so expressive and so compact that I could speak more succinctly, but unfortunately I am not cultured enough.8. He talked on, I scribbled away, his telephone buzzed away.II. Text TranslationAt first I attribute this new habit to advan
33、cing ageI had recently turned 40and glumly concluded that I was becoming morbid. But why, then, was I finding my secret rite so uplifting? Finally after many years of starting the day this way, I have figured out that I am doing it not to obsess about death but to find out about life. Real life. Obi
34、tuaries capture the benchmarks of life span without passing judgment or making order out of the events. The high points are easyPulitzer Prize winners joke that as soon as they are named they know what the headline is going to be on their obituariesbut I read most attentively for clues to the defeat
35、s and the flatline periods, the inexplicable changes of heart and the twists of flat, the gambles and the unexpected consequences, the loose endsThe message that comes through over and over is that although there are times in any life when things seem to be proceeding step by logical step, the whole
36、 is mostly random and askew. Life, as every biography and obit I have ever read confirms, is what happens when you are making other plans.2009-7-9参考译文句子翻译1. 温度高,水蒸发得快,温度底,水蒸发得慢。补充原文省略或被替代的词 2. 这个国家的城市越来越多,离婚率也越来越高。增补辅助性名词 supplementary noun范畴词 category,使译文具体、清楚3. 听见脚步声,知道他回来了。增补辅助性动词 supplementary v
37、erb以解释名词的意思4. 这篇报告总结了电子管、半导体和组件三方面的新成就。增补表示概括性的词 summarizing word5. 星期五发薪日到了,他们马上就要上街去喝得酩酊大醉。英国那时每逢星期五发一次工资6. 我看到墙上又一幅透纳的名画。Turner, Joseph Mallord William, 1775-1851,英国著名风景画家7. 要是我也能讲中国话就好了。中国话这种语言十分简洁,又富有表现力。要是用中国话讲,我就可以讲得更简练。可惜,我的文化素养还不够。补充连接性词语 connectors,使上下语法,或逻辑,或语义紧密联系8. 他侃侃而谈,我匆匆记录;电话玲声柔和地嗡嗡
38、作响。修辞性增补,使译文更生动、形象段落翻译起初,我认为我新近养成的习惯是年龄渐长的原故,因为不久前我已经满了 40 岁,因此,忧郁不安地断定自己的心理一定是开始不正常了。可是,为什么我对自己的这一神秘仪式如此兴奋不已呢?许多年来,我都是这样开始一天的生活,最后,我终于悟出,我进行的这一神秘仪式并不是因为自己摆脱不了死亡的困惑,而是为了寻找生命的意义。真正的生命。讣闻简单地记录了人的一生,没有任何评判,也不给人生的经历划分等级。当然,人生的重大事件是一目了然的。比如,普利策获奖者就笑谈过,说他们一旦知道自己被提名,就知道了自己讣告上的标题是什么。不过,我读讣闻关注的则是不那么引人注目的人生经历
39、:人生中的失意和无奈,心境难以名状的变化和道路的蜿蜒曲折,孤注一掷的拼搏,难以预料的结果,还有没有实现的愿望。无数的讣闻让我得到这样一个启示:有的时候,人生似乎在按一定的轨迹符合逻辑地步步前行,但是,很多时候,人生中所发生的事情却是偶然的,偏离常轨的。而我所读过的那些传记和讣闻也更加让我确信:人生是难以预料的。2009-7-10Omission. Sentence Translation1. It is with words as with sunbeams: the more they are condensed, the deeper they burn.2. He led a dogs
40、life of it.3. There is no royal road to anything.4. My father is a vigorous 86.5. Many years ago, flying to the moon was out of the question.At present, flying to the moon is out of question.6. You should keep calm even when you are in danger.7. “Wash your hands before you have your meals, children.
41、” says the teacher.8. Wise men love truth, but fools shun it.9. Never get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill.10. When fortune knocks, open the door.11. Today, however, a fresh new wind of change blows upon the face of Asia and the world. Text TranslationThe Authority of Science vs. th
42、e Authority of the ChurchBertrand RussellThe period of history which is commonly called “modern” has a mental outlook which differs from the medieval period in many ways. Of these, two are the most important: the diminishing authority of the Church and the increasing authority of scienceThe authorit
43、y of science, which is recognized by most philosophers of the modern epoch, is a very different thing from the authority of the Church, since it is intellectual, not governmental. No penalties fall upon those who reject it; no prudential arguments influence those who accept it. It prevails solely by
44、 its intrinsic appeal to reason. It is, moreover, a piecemeal and partial authority; it does not, like the body of Catholic dogma, lay down a complete system, covering human morality, human hopes, and the past and future history of the universe. It pronounces only on whatever, at the time, appears t
45、o have been scientifically ascertained, which is a small island in an ocean of nescience. There is yet another difference from ecclesiastical authority, which declares its pronouncements to be absolutely certain and eternally unalterable: the pronouncements of science are made tentatively, on a basi
46、s of probability, and are regarded as liable to modification. This produces a temper of mind very different from that of the medieval dogmatist. (Excerpts from History of Western Philosophy)2009-7-10参考译文句子翻译1. 文字像日光一样:愈精练,愈有力。省略先行词 it2. 他过着牛马不如的生活。省略习语中含有的 it3. 任何事情都无坦途。省略惯用语中的补足词 expletive “there”4
47、. 我父亲今年 86 岁,仍很健旺。省略联系动词 is 和英语冠词 a5. 许多年前,飞往月球是不可能的。现在,飞往月球是毫无问题的。在英语的一些相似表达中,冠词用与不用,意义迥异6. 危险时也要保持冷静。省略用作主语的代词 you7. “孩子们,饭前洗手。 ”老师说。省略物主代词 your 和作主语的代词 you8. 智者爱好真理,愚者回避真理。省略并列句中的连词 but9. 车未停稳,切勿上下。省略复合句中的从属连词 before10. 勿失良机。/ 运气敲门就开门。省略必要词语,译成汉语紧缩句11. 然而,今天一股强劲的、新的变革之风正吹遍亚洲和世界。为简洁作修辞性省略,但无损原意段落翻
48、译科学的权威与教会的权威伯特兰罗素通常谓之“现代”的这段历史时期,人们的思想见解和中古时期的思想见解有许多不同。其中有两点最重要, 即教会的权威衰落下去,科学的权威逐步上升。科学的权威是近代大多数哲学家都承认的;由于它不是统治威信,而是理智上的威信,所以是一种和教会权威大不相同的东西。否认它的人并不遭到什么惩罚;承认它的人也决不为从现实利益出发的任何道理所左右。它在本质上求理性裁断,全凭这点致胜。并且,这是一种片段不全的威信;不像天主教的那套教义,设下一个完备的体系,概括人间道理、人类的希望、以及宇宙的过去和未来的历史。它只对当时似乎已由科学判明的事情表示意见,这在无知的茫茫大海中只不过是个小岛。另外还有一点与教会威信不同;教会威信宣称自己的判断绝对确实,万年更改不了;科学的论断却是在盖然性的基础上,按尝试的方式提出来的,认为随时难免要修正。这使人产生一种和中世纪教义学者的心理气质截然不同的心理气质。 (译自西方哲学史 )2009-7-11Repetition