1、外文翻译原文PORTCOMPETITIONBETWEENSHANGHAIANDNINGBOMATERIALSOURCESCHOOLOFMARINESCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,UNIVERSITYOFNEWCASTLEUPONTYNE,UKAUTHORKEVINCULLINANETHEOBJECTIVEOFTHISPAPERISTOANALYSETHERELATIVECOMPETITIVENESSOFTHENEIGHBOURINGCONTAINERPORTSOFSHANGHAIANDNINGBOINCHINAANDTODEVELOPAVIEWOFTHELIKELYFUTUREOUT
2、COMEOFTHECOMPETITIONBETWEENTHEMAFTERASSESSINGTHEDEMANDFORTHEIRSERVICESWITHINWHATISHYPOTHESIZEDASASHAREDHINTERLAND,CURRENTSUPPLYANDFUTUREEXPANSIONPLANSAREDETAILEDANDCONSIDEREDWITHINTHETWOPORTSWIDERDEVELOPMENTSTRATEGIESTHERELATIVECOMPETITIVENESSOFTHETWOPORTSISTHENEVALUATEDONTHEBASISOFPRICEANDQUALITYOF
3、SERVICE,ASEMBODIEDWITHINTHECONCEPTOFGENERALIZEDCOSTASINCURREDBYCUSTOMERSACRITICALPOLITICALDIMENSIONISANECESSARYELEMENTOFTHISANALYSISITISCONCLUDEDTHATCONTINUEDECONOMICDEVELOPMENTINTHEHINTERLAND,CENTRALGOVERNMENTPOLICIESONREGIONALDEVELOPMENTANDCHINASACCESSIONTOTHEWORLDTRADEORGANIZATIONWTOWILLALLCONTRI
4、BUTETOGROWINGDEMANDFORPORTSERVICESHOWEVER,NINGBOWILLCONTINUETOGAINGREATERMARKETSHAREASTHERESULTOFADVANTAGESINITSNATURALENDOWMENTSPARTICULARLYDEPTHOFWATER,PRICEESPECIALLYINTERMSOFRECOVERINGTHECOSTOFCAPACITYEXPANSIONSANDQUALITYOFSERVICEIMPROVEMENTSTHATAREPREDICTEDTOEMERGEASTHERESULTOFCURRENTLYPLANNEDE
5、NHANCEMENTSTOINLANDTRANSPORTINFRASTRUCTUREANDLOGISTICALSYSTEMS1INTRODUCTIONCHINESEPORTSHANDLEDAWORLDRECORD58MILLIONTEUIN2004,ANINCREASEOF10MILLION208OVERTHEPREVIOUSYEAR1VASTPORTEXPANSIONSCHEMESAREPLANNEDINEVERYCOASTALPROVINCEANDMUNICIPALGOVERNMENTSAREINHEATEDCOMPETITIONFORCENTRALGOVERNMENTAPPROVALAN
6、DFOREIGNDIRECTINVESTMENTFDIASCANBESEENINFIGURE1,THEREARETHREEMAINREGIONSWHERE,OSTENSIBLY,INTENSEINTERNECINECOMPETITIONEXISTSBETWEENPORTSINMAINLANDCHINATHISANALYSIS,HOWEVER,FOCUSESONMAINLANDCHINASCENTRALEASTERNSEABOARDINSODOING,THEREAREONLYREALLYTWOPORTSTHATMERITSERIOUSCONSIDERATIONSHANGHAIANDNINGBO2
7、4INJUSTIFICATIONOFTHISASSERTION,IN2002TOTALCONTAINERTHROUGHPUTFORALLTHEPORTSINTHEREGIONWASAPPROXIMATELY11,630,000TEU,WITHSHANGHAIANDNINGBOTOGETHERACCOUNTINGFORMORETHAN90OFTHISAMOUNT5BYTHEENDOF2004,THETOTALFIGUREFORTHEREGIONHADALMOSTDOUBLEDTO20,630,000TEU,WITHTHEPROPORTIONACCOUNTEDFORBYTHETWOPORTSREM
8、AININGAPPROXIMATELYTHESAME6CENTRE,SHANGHAIISOFTENTHEFOCUSOFWORLDWIDEATTENTIONASSHOWNINFIGURE2,THETHROUGHPUTOFSHANGHAICONTAINERPORTHASDEVELOPEDDRAMATICALLYSINCETHEREFORMOROPENINGUPOFMAINLANDCHINASECONOMYBEGANIN1978AMORERECENTPICTUREOFCONTAINERTHROUGHPUTATBOTHSHANGHAIANDNINGBOCONTAINERPORTSSEEFIGURE3R
9、EVEALSTHATTHEPHENOMENALGROWTHOFSHANGHAISINTERNATIONALCONTAINERTHROUGHPUTHASCONTINUEDITALSOSHOWS,HOWEVER,THATTHEPORTOFNINGBONOWCONSTITUTESASIGNIFICANTTHREATTOSHANGHAISPOSITIONASFIGURE1THETHREEMAJORGEOGRAPHICALPORTGROUPINGSINMAINLANDCHINAASCANBESEENINTHEGRAPH,THELARGELYINTERNATIONALCONTAINERTHROUGHPUT
10、TOTHEHINTERLANDSOFTHETWOPORTSHASCONTINUEDTOEXPANDATAVERYHIGHAVERAGEANNUALGROWTHRATEOFAPPROXIMATELY31OVERTHEPERIOD19972004INADDITION,THEGRAPHREVEALSTHATNINGBOSMARKETSHAREOFTHETWOPORTSTOTALINTERNATIONALCONTAINERTHROUGHPUTHASBEENCONSISTENTLYINCREASINGOVERTHISPERIOD,ATTHEEXPENSEOFSHANGHAIBYINSPECTIONOFT
11、HECOMPARATIVEANNUALGROWTHRATESINTHROUGHPUTATTHETWOPORTSOVERTHEPERIOD19982004,SOMEINSIGHTCANBEGAINEDINTOWHYTHISHASBEENTHECASEFIGURE4CLEARLYSHOWSTHEVASTLYSUPERIORGROWTHATNINGBOCOMPAREDTOSHANGHAIOVERTHISPERIODGIVENITSLOWERBASEINTERMSOFABSOLUTELEVELOFTHROUGHPUT,HOWEVER,THISISNOTAWHOLLYUNEXPECTEDRESULTIN
12、2004,NINGBOACHIEVEDITSGREATESTEVERANNUALINCREASEINCONTAINERTHROUGHPUT44SPURREDONBYATREMENDOUSEXPANSIONINTHEINDUSTRIALOUTPUTOFITSNATURALHINTERLANDOFZHEJIANGPROVINCEASWELLASBYTHEFACTTHATITISONEOFJUSTFOURCREDIBLETRANSHIPMENTHUBSINTHECHINESEMAINLAND,NINGBOHANDLEDJUSTOVER4MILLIONTEUINCONSEQUENCE,INTERMSO
13、FTHROUGHPUTHANDLED,ITMOVEDFROMBEINGRANKED23TO17INTHEWORLDLEAGUEOFCONTAINERPORTSAND,BYSODOING,BROKEINTOTHETOP20CONTAINERPORTSFORTHEFIRSTTIME2DEMANDTHECURRENTDEMANDFORUSINGEITHERSHANGHAIORNINGBOPORTSFORTHEHANDLINGOFINTERNATIONALCONTAINERMOVEMENTSCANBESEENVERYCLEARLYINFIGURE5WHICHWASPREPAREDWITHTHEHELP
14、OFNINGBOPORTAUTHORITYANDBASEDONDATAOBTAINEDFROMTHEHANGZHOUCUSTOMSAUTHORITYITISCLEARTHATGEOGRAPHYANDMOSTESPECIALLYTHEPROXIMITYOFTHEORIGINORDESTINATIONOFASHIPMENTTOONEOROTHEROFTHEPORTCOMPETITIONBETWEENSHANGHAIANDNINGBO333FIGURE5THEDISTRIBUTIONOFCARGOORIGINSANDDESTINATIONSINTHESHANGHAININGBOHINTERLANDF
15、IGURE4RECENTANNUALGROWTHRATESINCONTAINERTHROUGHPUTFORSHANGHAIANDNINGBOOFAPARTICULARCONTAINERMOVEMENT3CURRENTANDFUTURESUPPLY31SHANGHAICONTAINERPORTCONTAINERTHROUGHPUTATTHEPORTOFSHANGHAIGREWBYAMASSIVEANNUALRATEOF358TO861MILLIONTEUIN2002,ACCOUNTINGFOR233OFCHINASTOTALTHROUGHPUTOF37MILLIONTEU17THISMADESH
16、ANGHAITHEWORLDSFOURTHLARGESTCONTAINERPORTIN2002,OUSTINGKAOHSIUNGFROMTHETOPFOURSINCE2002,SHANGHAIHASMOVEDUPTONUMBERTHREEINTHEWORLDCONTAINERPORTLEAGUEANDHASCONTINUEDTOREGISTERPHENOMENALANNUALGROWTHRATESINCONTAINERTHROUGHPUTOF310IN2003AND291IN200418THEMAINPORTENTERPRISEINSHANGHAIISTHESHANGHAIINTERNATIO
17、NALPORTGROUPSIPG,WHICHWASESTABLISHEDDURINGTHERECONSTITUTIONOFTHESHANGHAIPORTAUTHORITYCOMPANIESSUCHASTHESHANGHAIPORTCONTAINERCOANDWAIGAOQIAOBONDEDZONEPORTCOTHATAREMENTIONEDINTABLE1ASPARTOWNERSOFSOMEOFSHANGHAISCONTAINERTERMINALS,AREITSSUBSIDIARIESTHESHANGHAIMUNICIPALGOVERNMENTHASMADEVALIANTEORTSTOIMPR
18、OVETHECAPACITYOFSHANGHAIPORTTHEWAIGAOQIAODEEPWATERPROJECT,WHICHWASSTARTEDIN1993,ISONEOFTHELARGESTPORTCONSTRUCTIONSINCHINATHEGOALOFTHEPROJECTISTOCREATEAHARBOURAREAOF163SQUAREKILOMETRESWITHADEPTHOF13METRES,CAPABLEOFACCOMMODATINGUPTOFOURCONTAINERSHIPSOF4,000TEUALTHOUGHPHASEVOFTHISPROJECTBECAMEOPERATION
19、ALIN2004,ITSTILLNEEDSTIMETOBEFULLYCOMPLETEDANDQUESTIONSREMAINOVERTHEFEASIBILITYOFMAINTAININGA13METREDEPTHDUETOTHESILTINGOFTHERIVERCURRENTLY,AMAXIMUMDRAUGHTRESTRICTIONOF11METRESGREATLYIMPEDESTHEFURTHERDEVELOPMENTOFSHANGHAIASATRULYINTERNATIONALCONTAINERHUBPORTMANYDREDGINGPROJECTSAREUNDERWAYORBEINGPLAN
20、NEDINTHEYANGTZERIVERESTUARYTOSOLVETHISPROBLEMTHEDEEPENINGOFTHENAVIGATIONALCHANNELTHROUGHTHEMOUTHOFTHEYANGTZERIVERHASBEENINPROGRESSSINCE1998ANDTHEENTIREPROJECTWILLTAKEUPONCOMPLETION,THE48KILOMETRECHANNELWILLBEEXPANDEDTO300METRESWIDEAND125METRESDEEP14METRESATHIGHTIDETHISWILLBEANIMPORTANTIMPROVEMENTSIN
21、CE,ATPRESENT,SOMEVESSELSDOCKINGINTHEHUANGPURIVERHAVETODISCHARGEPARTOFTHEIRCARGOINADVANCEDUETODRAUGHTLIMITATIONSANDSOMEHAVETOBACKOUTBECAUSETHEYAREUNABLETOTURNINTHERIVERHOWEVER,EVENTHISDEPTHWILLBEINSTORAISESHANGHAITOTHEPRESENTINTERNATIONALSTANDARDOF16METRESFORADEEPWATERPORTPROMPTEDBYTHEINSURMOUNTABLED
22、RAFTRESTRICTIONSANDASSOCIATEDNEEDFORLARGESCALEANDCONTINUOUSDREDGING,THECURRENTFOCUSOFINFRASTRUCTUREDEVELOPMENTINSHANGHAIPORTISTHERELATIVELYRECENTDECISIONTOBUILDANEWDEEPWATERCONTAINERPORTWITHAMAXIMUMDRAUGHTRESTRICTIONOF15METRESTHISISKNOWNASTHEYANGSHANDEEPWATERPROJECT19THETOTALINVESTMENTREQUIREDFORTHI
23、S20YEARPROJECTISUS4050BILLIONTHISNEWPORTWILLBEATYANGSHANAGROUPOFISLANDSLYING275KILOMETRESFROMSHANGHAISSOUTHERNCOASTSEEFIGURE6ANDWILLBELINKEDWITHTHECITYOFSHANGHAIBYTHECONSTRUCTIONOFA31KILOMETREBRIDGETHEAVERAGEWATERDEPTHINTHEAREAOFTHEISLANDSISOVER15METRESTHEFIRSTPHASEOFTHEYANGSHANDEEPWATERPORTCONSTRUC
24、TIONSTARTEDINTHEMIDDLEOF2002ANDWASWHOLLYCONTROLLEDATTHATTIMEBYTHESTATEOWNEDSHANGHAIINTERNATIONALPORTGROUPSIPG,WHICHOVERSEESALLPORTDEALSINTHEMUNICIPALITYINEARLY2005,HOWEVER,SIPGSOLDA30STAKEINTHEFIRSTPHASETOANOTHERSTATEOWNEDPORTOPERATOR,CHINAMERCHANTS,FORUS677MILLION20PHASEONEISDUETOBECOMPLETEDBYTHEEN
25、DOF2005ANDWILLSEETHEOPENINGOF1,600METRESOFQUAYSIDEDISTRIBUTEDACROSSFIVEDEEPWATERBERTHSWITHANANNUALHANDLINGCAPACITYOF22MILLIONTEUS21THEPHASE1CONSTRUCTIONWILLTAKEALANDAREAOF153SQUAREKILOMETRESANDWILLBEEQUIPPEDWITHASTORAGEYARDOF720,000SQUAREMETRESAND15CONTAINERCRANESTHEINVESTMENTCOSTFORTHEFIRSTPHASEOFT
26、HEYANGSHANDEEPWATERPROJECTISBUDGETEDATUS145BILLIONACCORDINGTOTHEMASTERPLAN,THEWHOLEPROJECTWILLBECOMPLETEDBY2020,BYWHICHTIMETHEPORTCOMPLEXWILLHAVEEXPANDEDINFURTHERPHASESTO52BERTHS,WITHACAPACITYOFAROUND25MILLIONTEU/YEARITWILLCOVERANOPENYARDOF2022SQUAREKILOMETERSDRAUGHTWILLBE14515METRES,WHEREASTHECHANN
27、ELWILLBE155METRESANEWHOLDINGCOMPANYTONGSHENGINVESTMENTHASBEENESTABLISHEDTOOVERSEETHECONSTRUCTIONOFTHENEWCONTAINERFACILITYSIPGHASA60SHAREINTHENEWPORTDEVELOPMENTISWIDELYSEENASMUCHNEEDED,THEREREMAINSERIOUSQUESTIONSOVERTHEOPERATIONOFTHEPORTINCLUDINGTHEBASICQUESTIONOVERWHATSTORAGEFACILITIESWILLBEAVAILABL
28、EWITHTHEPROSPECTOFCONTAINERLINESFORCEDTOMOVEBOXESFROMTHEISLANDSTOTHEMAINLANDFORSTORAGE23INADDITION,WHILESHANGHAIAUTHORITIESCLAIMTHATYANGSHANWILLBEABLETOOPERATEFOR320DAYSAYEAR,SENIORMANAGERSATTHENEIGHBOURINGANDCOMPETITIVEPORTOFNINGBOHAVEINTIMATEDHATTHEACTUALFIGUREWOULDBEMUCHLESS24INTHEMEANTIME,INORDE
29、RTOENHANCETHECOMPETITIVENESSOFTHEPROSPECTIVENEWCONTAINERTERMINALATYANGSHAN,INFLUENTIALMEMBERSOFSHANGHAISPORTANDPOLITICALSCENEHAVEBEENBUSYLOBBYINGBEIJINGFORITTOBEDESIGNATEDASAFREEPORT25SIMULTANEOUSWITHTHEFIRSTSTAGEOFTHEYANGSHANPROJECTISTHEBUILDINGOFTHEDONGHAIBRIDGESEEFIGURE7THECOSTOFTHISBRIDGE,INTHEN
30、ORTHERNPARTOFHANGZHOUBAYANDLINKINGTHEDEEPWATERPORTWITHTHEMAINLANDISESTIMATEDTOBEUS115BILLIONANDWILLTAKEFOURTOFIVEYEARSTOCOMPLETETHEBRIDGECONSTRUCTIONSHOULDBEFINISHEDBYTHEENDOF2005,ATSOMETIMEDURINGTHEFIRSTPHASEOFTHEYANGSHANPORTPROJECTACCORDINGTOTHEPLAN,THISSEACROSSINGBRIDGEWILLBE313KILOMETRESLONGAND3
31、15METRESWIDEWITHSIXLANESTHESHANGHAIMUNICIPALGOVERNMENTWILLBERESPONSIBLEFORALLTHEINVESTMENTEXPENDITUREREQUIREDFORBUILDINGTHEBRIDGE32NINGBOCONTAINERPORTNINGBOISWIDELYCONSIDEREDTOBECHINASFINESTNATURALDEEPWATERHARBOUR27ANDFORTHEPASTSEVENYEARSHASREGISTEREDTHEHIGHESTANNUALGROWTHRATEINCONTAINERTHROUGHPUTIN
32、THEWHOLEOFMAINLANDCHINAINCONTRASTTOTHEIMPLICITCRITICISMTHATHASBEENLEVELLEDATTHEPOTENTIALLYLOWNUMBEROFOPERATIONALDAYSTHATMIGHTBEPOSSIBLEATYANGSHAN,NINGBOPORTWORKSANAVERAGEOF355DAYSAYEAR,WITHTHEISLANDSJUSTOSHOREFROMTHEPORTPROVIDINGANATURALSHELTERFROMTHEELEMENTSBEILUNCONTAINERTERMINALCONSTITUTESTHEMAIN
33、PARTOFNINGBOCONTAINERPORTANDCOMPRISESTWOCONTAINERBERTHSWITHDESIGNEDANNUALTHROUGHPUTCAPACITYOF05MILLIONTEUSTHEWATERDEPTHISCURRENTLY135METRESWHICHMEANSTHATAPANAMAXCONTAINERSHIPOF80,000DEADWEIGHTTONSDWTISNOWTHEMAXIMUMSIZEOFVESSELTHATISCAPABLEOFBERTHINGTHEREPORTCOMPETITIONBETWEENSHANGHAIANDNINGBOBECAUSE
34、OFTHECOMPARATIVELYSHORTDISTANCEBETWEENTHECONTAINERPORTSOFSHANGHAIANDNINGBO204KILOMETERSBYRAIL,THEIRCLOSECOOPERATIONISENCOURAGEDBYTHECHINESEGOVERNMENTINSEPTEMBER1997,ACROSSREGIONALCONTAINERTERMINALADMINISTRATIVEORGANIZATION,THESHANGHAIPORTGROUP,WASESTABLISHEDTOREGULATECOMPETITIONANDTOMAINTAINANDPROMO
35、TETHEPACEOFDEVELOPMENTOFCONTAINERPORTSINSHANGHAI,ZHEJIANGANDJIANGSUPROVINCESSEEFIGURE5HOWEVER,BECAUSEMAINLANDCHINASCURRENTPORTPOLICIESARECHARACTERIZEDBYADECENTRALIZEDAPPROACHTHATSTIMULATESCOMPETITION,THEMANAGEMENTOFTHEPORTSHASAPPEAREDTOPAYMUCHMOREATTENTIONTOESTABLISHINGTHEMSELVESASHUBPORTSFORTHEREGI
36、ONSOFMAINLANDCHINATHATSERVE译文这篇文章的主旨意在分析中国的宁波和上海这两个相邻的集装箱港口的相对竞争力，通过此文的分析得出两个港口将来出口的竞争力。在评估被假定的共享腹地服务需求量，现有的供给和未来的扩张计划被细化以及考虑到这两个港口开阔的发展战略之后，对这两个港口的相对竞争力将要根据基础价格和服务质量进行评估。顾客遭受的损失和一个批判的思维方式也是这次分析的必要元素。我们可以得出结论内地持续的经济发展、政府关于地区性发展的主要政策、中国加入WTO都将为港口服务的增长需求做贡献。无论如何，宁波将继续增加更强大的市场份额，由于它保险的自然条件优势（尤其是它的深水港）、
37、价格（尤其是根据生产力所收回的成本）和由于目前内地运输基础设施和物流系统的提高计划而预测显现出来的服务质量的提高。1介绍中国的港口在2004年创造了一个世界记录，达到58000000标箱。相比上一年增长了10000000（208）标箱。每一个沿海城市、直辖市政府都有大港口的再扩大计划，为了得到中央政府的支持、外商的直接投资已进入的白热化。从表1中可以看出，中国大陆有三个主要区域在港口方面有着强烈的竞争。这个分析是基于中国大陆东部沿海的。根据这些条件，只有上海和宁波两个港符合。关于这个断言的正确理解是2002年所有地区性港口的集装箱吞吐量接近11630000标箱，其中上海和宁波两大港就占90的份
38、额。到2004年末，地区性集装箱总量翻倍，达到20630000标箱。而上海宁波两港所占比例仍然大致相同。中国大陆的工业中心上海受到世界的普遍性关注。通过表2可以看出，上海的集装箱港口吞吐量在1978年中国大陆改革开放后有着戏剧性的发展。近期越来越多的上海和宁波两港的集装箱吞吐量的信息揭露了上海国际集装箱吞吐量仍在继续增长。这些数据还说明了，宁波港现在已经成为上海港第一地位的最大威胁。2需求无论宁波港还是上海港，在国际集装箱方面在表5中都可以看出在帮助宁波建立权威，甚至从来自杭州海关的数据中，我们也可以得出这样的结论。3当前和未来的供应31上海集装箱港口2002上海港集装箱吞吐量年增长率大幅增加
39、，达358，8610000标箱。占中国集装箱总吞吐量37000000标箱的233。这让上海港在2002年成为世界第四大集装箱大港。从2002年开始，上海开始跻身世界集装箱联盟第三，并且2003年增长量依然达到31,2004年达到291。上海最主要的港口企业是在上海港成为全国最大港后成立的上海国际港口集团。像表1中提到的上海集装箱港口有限公司和王高桥联合地区港口有限公司是上海一些集装箱最终商家的拥有者的子公司。上海市政府为提高上海港的竞争力做了一个很勇敢的决定。1993年开始的王高桥深水港项目，是中国最大的建筑，这个项目的目标就是为了发掘一个163万立方米，13米深港区。这个18千米的海峡将扩张
40、300米宽和125米深。在目前来看，这是一大飞跃。因为港口原因，靠泊在黄浦江的船只将要将他们的一部分货物卸载，还有一部分将驶出。因为港口让它们驶不进去。无论如何，这个港口目前的深度都会使上海港16米水深的世界港口。这就是大家所熟悉的上海大小洋山的建设。这项20年工程的总投资为400500亿美元。这个新港口将建设在洋山，与上海本土有31米的大桥相连。这个岛的平均水深有15米。在2002年第一次提出了将上海的大小洋山建设成为深水港区。到2005年也许有一个项目即将建好，并且开始运营。容箱量将达到220万标箱。另外，虽然上海当局宣称洋山将能够一年至少运转320天，临近港口宁波的高级管理人员却表示实际
41、数字会更少。港口自然条件不如宁波港。随着洋山深水港的不断建成，将根本上改变上海缺乏深水岸线和深泊位、集装箱吞吐能力严重不足的瓶颈制约。未来三年上海港要确立世界集装箱第一大港的地位。宁波拥有天然良港，港口自然条件大大好于上海港且优势明显。到2007年底，宁波舟山港已拥有万吨级以上深水泊位84个，是中国大陆大型和特大型深水泊位最多的港口。32宁波集装箱港口宁波港被广泛认为是最好的深水良港。在过去的7年中，集装箱吞吐量上涨比率一直位居中国大陆之首。相比之下，宁波港集装箱最大的竞争对手应该是洋山港。宁波港一年工作355天。宁波的北仑港是宁波最主要的港口，它一年有的5亿元的资本流入。宁波和上海港之间的较量就成为了两港集装箱运输之间的较量。在政府的鼓励下两港开始进行密切的合作。2007年，宁波舟山港共完成货物吞吐量473亿吨，位居世界港口第三位、全国第二位；完成集装箱9431万标准箱，位居全国第四。随着杭州湾跨海大桥的建成，宁波舟山港与上海港相通，从而串起了长江出海口江海联运“T”字型的黄金海岸，组成中国乃至世界最大的港口群。从现在来看，今年一季度，宁波港货物吞吐量达126亿吨，首次超过上海港，当然在集装箱规模上宁波港尚不能与上海港同日而语，但目前宁波港各项指标的增长均比上海港要高，这给上海港的地位带来了不小的威胁。
