1、耳病,Disorders of the ear,先天性耳前瘘管,Congenital preauricular fistula,单侧多与双侧,女多于男,基本为:,临床表现 Clinic manifestation,常无症状挤压时粘液,皮脂样物感染,脓瘘,瘢痕,治疗: Treatment,抗生素切开引流,换药手术切除,耳廓外伤,Auricle trauma,挫伤(Contusin )钝物撞击:血肿,抽血,加压包扎撕裂伤(laceration):裂口,缺损,全断,手术(operation)冻伤烧伤,火 ,化学,开水,鼓膜外伤,tympanic membrance trauma,病因:Etiolog
2、y,Direct trauma:火柴杆,毛线针等 Indirect trauma:掌击,炮震等,临床表现: Clinic manifestation,痛(pain),听力下降(hearing loss),耳鸣tinnitus),出血(bleeding),闷塞感,检查方法:如下图,治疗 Treatment,自愈:一般需要周防感染 沙棘油外敷修补术(reparative operation),外耳湿疹,Eczema of external ear,病因: Etiology,化学性物质:喷发剂,化妆品药物:止痛剂脚气感染,临床表现: Clinic manifestation,急性(acute):奇痒
3、,烧灼感,黄水物,烂,黄痂慢性(chronic):痒,厚,耳道狭窄,脱屑,结痂,治疗: Treatment,去除病因,禁抓痒,挖耳药物(drug),外耳道异物,Foreign bodies in external acoustic meatus,病因: Etiology,动物性:昆虫,蚊子植物性:谷粒,麦粒非生物性:铁屑,火花铁,临床表现: Clinic manifestation,剧烈耳痛,眩晕,耳鸣堵塞感反射性咳嗽传导性耳聋(conductive hearing loss),治疗: Treatment,去除切开(局麻或全麻)抗生素,分泌性中耳炎,Secretory otitis media
4、,病因: Etiology,咽鼓管功能不良:机械性堵塞功能障碍感染:流感嗜血杆菌,肺炎链球菌免疫反应:型变态反应,病理: Pathology,漏出液,渗出液和分泌物的混合液,临床表现: Clinic manifestation,听力下降耳痛,闭塞感耳鸣“劈拍”“气过水声”检查:a.鼓膜,液平,土黄色,内陷b.听力,传导性聋,声导抗,诊断: Diagnasis,病史(history diseases)体征(signs)听力(hearing)穿刺,鉴别诊断: Differential diagnosis,鼻咽癌(nasopharyngeal carcinoma)脑脊液耳漏(cerebrospina
5、l otorrher)外淋巴瘘,蹬骨术后胆固醇肉芽肿(cholesterol granuloma)鼓室硬化(tympanosclerosis),治疗: Treatment,清除积液,通气引流鼓膜:穿刺抽液,切开术,置管术鼻腔咽鼓管通畅咽鼓管吹胀术病因治疗:鼻腔,鼻咽病灶,腺样体,鼻中隔矫正术,下甲术,鼻息肉等抗生素激素类,急性化脓性中耳炎,Acute suppurative otitis mediaDefinition:acute inflammation ofthe middle-ear cleft is less common in adults than in children.It c
6、an follow upper respiration tract infection.,病因:Etiolgy,病变部位主要在鼓室,其他部位易受累主要致病菌为肺炎球菌,流感嗜血杆菌,溶血性链球菌,葡萄球菌,感染途径: Routes of infection,咽鼓管途径(Eustachian tube):常见急性上呼吸道感染急性传染病:猩红热,麻疹等咽鼓管吹张:潜水游泳,跳水婴幼儿咽鼓管的特点:短而直外耳道鼓膜:外伤,穿刺血行感染(by blood infection),病理: Pathology,渗出物化脓穿孔,症状: Symptoms,全身症状:发热fever,畏寒,食欲下降耳疼otalgi
7、a:深部痛,且逐渐加重听力下降hearing loss及耳鸣tinnitus Discharge coming from the ear:穿孔perforation,血水样blood-tinged; 粘脓mucopurulent,纯脓purulent,检查: Examine,耳镜(otoscopy)触诊:乳突区触痛听力:传导(conductive hearing loss)血象:WBC上升,治疗: Treatment,全身治疗(whole body): 抗生素(High doses of antibiotics) 麻黄素滴鼻,休息,多饮水局部治疗:(ear topical treatment)
8、 鼓膜穿孔前: a.石炭酸 b.鼓膜切开术 鼓膜穿孔后:a.HO洗耳 b.抗生素水溶液 c.干耳后自愈,修补术,病因治疗: 腺样体肥大(adnoid vegetation ) 慢性扁桃体炎(tonsillitis),慢性化脓性中耳炎,Chronic suppurative otitis media,病因: Etiology,急性化脓性中耳炎治疗不当变形杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,绿脓杆菌,病理及临床表现Pathology and clinic manifestation,单纯型(又称咽鼓管型)(chronic otitis media simpler)鼓室充血、增厚;圆形细胞浸润, 杯状细胞,腺细胞
9、分泌升高;间歇性流脓,粘脓,无臭味。中央性穿孔,骨疡型:(chronic otitis media with granulation) 组织破坏,深达骨质、听骨及鼓环;肉芽或息肉;耳持续性流脓,稠且臭;出血或血丝,边缘穿孔;CT中耳软组织影,可发生各种并发症,胆脂瘤型:(chronic otitis media with cholesteadoma)非真性肿瘤,囊性复层鳞状上皮,脱落上皮,角化物,胆固醇结晶,耳内长期流脓,奇臭,松弛部或紧张后上方边缘穿孔,银白色上皮样物,CT骨质破坏,鉴别诊断: Differential diagnosis,中耳癌:鳞癌,中年以上,活检结核性中耳乳突炎:多发性穿孔,脓稀水样。病理学检查,涂片,治疗: Treatment,病因治疗局部:a.单纯型:抗生素与激素混合液(氟氯液);酒精或油剂,硼酸酒精等;粉剂(仅用于穿孔大,脓液极少时)b.骨疡型:手术c.胆脂瘤型:手术,