1、二、原因状语从句：1、定义：在句中用来说明主句原因的句子叫原因状语从句。2、常用引导词: because ( 因为), as (由于), since (既然), now (that) (既然) 3、时态：原因状语从句一般都是根据实际情况选用适当的时态。通常是主过从过，主现从现。4、because, since 和 as 的区别：1) because 引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句的后面，because 从句位于句首时要用逗号分开，放在句末时，可不用逗号分开。because 表示直接原因， 语气最强， 最适合回答 why 引导的疑问句。because of 也表示原因，但它后面不接从句, 只能接
2、名词, 代词或动名词。注意：because 和 so 不可同时出现在一个句子里。 I do it because I like it. = I like it so I do it. We went by bus because it was cheaper. = It was cheaper so we went by bus. He cant go to school because of his illness.2) since 引导的原因状语 从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、 显然的理由(通常被翻译成“ 既然”= now that )， 较为正式， 语气比 because 弱。 Sin
3、ce you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. Since you dont trust him, you should not employ him. Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.3) as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”，含有对比说明的意味，语气比 since 弱， 较为正式， 位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前) 。 As it is raining, youd better take a
4、 taxi. As you are tired, you had better rest. I went to bed early, as I was exhausted.4) for 引导的是并列句表示原因但并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因， 只提供一些辅助性的补充说明， for 引导的并列句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。 He could not have seen me, for I was not there. He seldom goes out now, for he is very old.5.三、目的状语从句：1、定义：在句中用来作目的状语的句子叫目的状语从句。2
5、、常用引导词: so that (以便), in order that (以便)3、时态：目的状语从句一般都是根据实际情况选用适当的时态。也通常是主过从过，主现从现。4、目的状语从句应注意以下：1) 目的状语从句中常含有 can, could, may, might, should, will, would 等情态动词。I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.2) 在口语中 so 可以引导目的状语从句。Well sit nearer the front so we can hear better.3) in order that 与
6、 in order to 的区别： in order that +从句 = so that +从句 in order to+ 动词原形 = so as to + 动词原形(不放于句首) = to+ 动词原形I get up early in order to catch the early bus.= I get up early in order that I can catch the early bus.四、结果状语从句：1、定义：在句中用来作结果状语的句子叫结果状语从句。2、常用引导词: so that (如此以致), such that (如此以致) 3、时态：结果状语从句一般都是根
7、据实际情况选用适当的时态。也通常是主过从过，主现从现。4、结果状语从句的句型：结果状语从句的从句部分是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的，通常位于主句之后。结果从句中通常不用情态助动词，但 must, can, could 除外。结果状语从句其规律由 so与 such 的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组， so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词 many, few, much, little 连用，形成固定搭配。6.1) so + 形/ 副+ that 从句 The boy is so young that he cant go to schoo
8、l. He speaks so fast that no one can catch him.2) so + many/few（+ 复名）+ that 从句There are so many picture-story books that the boy wont leave.3) so + much/ little（+ 不可数名词） +that 从句He gave me so little time that it was impossible for me to finish the work on time.4) so+ 形+ a/an+ 单名+ that 从句It was so ho
9、t a day that they wanted to go swimming.5) such+ a/an+ 形+单名+ that 从句= so+ 形+ a/an+单名+ that 从句He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.= He is so young a boy that he cant go to school.6) such+ 形+ 复名/不可数名词+ that 从句 They are such fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect. It is such
10、nice weather that I would like to go to the beach. 5、结果状语从句与简单句的转换：1) so that (从句为肯定句 ) = 形/ 副 + enough + (for sb.) to do sth.He is so old that he can go to school alone.= He is old enough to go to school alone.2) so that (从句为否定句 ) = too + 形/副 + (for sb.) to do sth.The problem is so hard that I cant
11、 work it out.= The problem is too hard for me to work out.= The problem isnt easy enough for me to work out.五、让步状语从句1、定义：在句中用来表示“退一步说”的句子叫让步状语从句。2、常用引导词: although (虽然) = though（尽管，即使） ，no matter+疑问词=疑问词-ever （无论） ，even if = even though（即使） ，whether. or (不管是还是)等。3、时态：让步状语从句的时态一般采用主过从过，主将从现的原则。4、让步状语从
12、句的注意点：1) although/ though 不可与 but 连用( 二者只选其一 )，但可与 still / yet 连用。 Although / Though he is very old, still he is quite strong. Although he was ill , he went to school. = He was ill but he went to school.7.2) no matter + 疑问词 = 疑问词-ever “无论”(引导让步状语从句可互换) Whatever (= No matter what) happened, he would
13、not mind. Whoever (= No matter who) you are, you must keep the law. However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, Ill take it.注意：“no matter+ 疑问词 ” 结构只能引导让步状语从句，而 “疑问词-ever” 还可以引导名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句） 。 Ill eat whatever (no matter what) you give me. (whatever 引导宾语从句) Whoever (no matter who) com
14、es will be welcome. (whoever 引导主语从句)六、条件状语从句1、定义：由引导词 if 或 unless 引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。2、常用引导词: if (如果) , unless = ifnot (如果不/ 除非) , so/as long as(只要)3、时态：条件状语从句的时态常采用主将从现原则。 I will come to see you if I have time. Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.= Lets go out for a walk if you are not too
15、 tired. You cant learn English well unless you work hard.= You cant learn English well if you dont work hard. You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.注意: “祈使句， + and / or + 简单句” 是一个固定句型，这里祈使句相当于一个由 if 引导的条件状语从句：用 and 引导的简单句常表示一个较好的结果，用 or引导的简单句常表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果；谓语动词常用一般将来时。即： 祈使句，and + 简单句
16、(一般将来时) = If you do sth, youll do sth.(这个句型表示“ 如果做到了祈使句表示的事情，就会有后面句子表示的结果”。)Think hard , and youll find a way. = If you think hard, youll find a way. 祈使句，or +简单句(一般将来时)= If you dont do sth, youll do sth.(这个句型表示“如果做不到祈使句表示的事情，就会有后面句子表示的结果” 。)Hurry up, or youll be late. = If you dont hurry (up), youll be late.8.
