1、01连词not only.but also.neither.nor.either.or.Not only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film. 不仅学生而且老师都在津津乐道地看着电影。 Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it. 同学们和老师对此都一无所知。 Neither he nor they are wholly right. 他和他们，谁都不是完全对的。 Either he or I am right. 或者他对，或者我对。02副词h
2、erethere Here comes the bus. 瞧，公共汽车来了。 Here is a pencil-box for you. 这儿有一个铅笔盒要给你。 Here are my replies to your questions. 这些是我针对你的问题的回答。 There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plates. 盘子里有一个苹果，两条香蕉和一些桔子。就近一致原则：以在主语位置上靠近谓语动词的名词作为人称和数的参考标准。03many a “many a +名词”和“more than one +名词” 作主语谓语
3、动词的数通常用单数 (即遵循)： Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那儿玩。 More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试未及格。and 的两边分别是不同的可数名词 John and Mary are my friends. 约翰和玛丽都是我的朋友。and 的两边分别是不同的不可数名词 Both rice and wheat are grown in China. 中国有种水稻也有种小麦。and 的两边的单词构成一个统一的概念，如：fork and knife, bread and butter；
4、soda and water； coffee and water；aim and end；salt and water 等，虽有 and 连接，但仍表示单一的概念，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。Fish and chips is a popular supper here. 炸鱼土豆片在这里是一种很受欢迎的晚餐。 （鱼和土豆片作为整体） Where is your fork and knife? 你的刀叉在哪儿？Is the bread and butter enough for you two? 你们两人吃这一点面包和黄油够了吗？ The poet and writer has come.
5、那位诗人兼作家来了。（同一个人既是诗人又是作家）01andeach(every) + 单数名词 + and + each(every) + 单数名词Every hour and every minute is important. 每一小时，每一分钟，都很重要。02each 用于复数名词后作同位语此时谓语动词用复数： They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英汉词典。The young people each carry a big bag. 这些年轻人个个背着一个大袋子。03with 主语后接 in addition to,
6、 with, along with, together with, except, but，as well as 等介词其后的动词形式取决介词前主语：Nothing but trees was to be seen. 除了树木之外什么也看不见。No one except my parents knows anything about this. 除我父母外没人知道此事。Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。04to do, doing 主语是由不定式、动名词、从句构成的，谓语动词采用单数。 To
7、 learn a foreign language is not easy. Its not easy to learn a foreign language. 学外语不容易。 Working with you is pleasant. Its pleasant working with you. 同你一块工作是令人愉快的。 The building whose roof we can see from here is a hotel. 我们从这儿就能看到屋顶的那座楼房就是旅馆。05police police 警察 / militia 民兵/ people 人们/ vermin 害虫/ cat
8、tle 牲畜/ poultry 家禽 这类集体名词的后面常接复数的谓语动词。 The police are questioning everyone in the house. 警察正在盘问房间里的每一个人。 Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef, and hides. 家牛为我们提供牛奶、牛肉和皮革。06family army 军队 / data 数据/ jury 陪审团/ audience 观众/ enemy 敌人 / media 媒体 bacteria 细菌/ family 家庭/ navy 海军/ committee 委员会/ flock
9、 羊群 nobility贵族/ community 共同体/ firm 商号/ party 政党/ company 公司 gang 一群/ press 新闻界/ council 理事会/ government 政府/ public 公众 couple 对、双/ group 组/ staff 全体职员/ crew 全体人员/ herd 牧群/ team 队 这类集体名词可以用作单数也可以用作复数。如果把“family“看成家庭成员，谓语用复数。如果把“family“看成一个整体，谓语用单数。 His family are waiting for him. 他的家人正在等他。（把“family“看
10、成家庭成员） Ive got to make it clear that my family was very poor. 我得说清楚，我的家是很穷的。（把“family“ 看成一个整体）07furniture mankind 人类/ furniture 家具/ foliage 植物 clothing 衣服/ machinery 机械/ merchandise 货物 这类集体名词只能用作单数形式，因为它们属不可数名词。Our clothing protects us from cold. 衣服保护我们免受寒冻。 Then the furniture was moved in. 然后家具被搬进来
11、。08trousers glasses 眼睛/ spectacles 眼睛/ scissors 剪刀/ shorts 短裤/ trousers 裤子/ pajamas 睡衣 Where are my pajamas? 我的睡衣在哪里？ My trousers are too long. 我的裤子太长了。 主谓一致简表主谓一致指的是主语和谓语在人称和数的方面取得一致的问题。 主语若是复数，谓语也采用复数形式。 主语若是单数或是不可数名词，谓语采用单数形式。意义一致原则：必须分析主语属于单数或是复数，可数或是不可数，然后才能决定谓语动词的人称和数的形式。09means 主语是：means, wor
12、ks, sheep, fish, Japanese, Chinese 等名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照它们在句中的意义来确定。 名词 means(方法 )单数与复数同形，用作主语时，其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定(尤其注意其前的修饰语)： These means are very good. 这些方法很好。Such a means is really unpleasant. 这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。 若没有特定的修饰语或语境，则用单数或复数谓语均可： There is are no good means. 没有好的方法。 Are Is there any other means of doi
13、ng it? A.主语是 he, she, it, either, neither, each, one, the other, another, anything, anyone, something, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 等代词时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 。(1) Somebody is asking for you. 有人在找你。 (2) Everyone is here. 大家都来了 (3)There is something wrong with m
14、y bike. 没有的单车有点毛病。B.主语是 I(除 be 动词用 am 外) , you, we, they 代词时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。(1) I like to stay here with you. 我喜欢跟你在这儿。(2) They are all soldiers. 他们都是战士。(3) We play football after school. 我们放学后踢足球。01.代词做主语 C.主语是：who, what, which, all, more, most, some, any, none, the rest, the remainder 时，谓语动词的形式须依具体
15、情况而定。 (1) Whos the girl over there? 那边的那个女孩是谁？ (2) Whats this? 这是什么？ (3) What are those? 哪些是什么？ (4) Which is yours? 哪一个是你的？ (5) Which are childrens? 哪一些是孩子们的？ (6) Who are the boys playing games there? 在那里做游戏的男孩子是哪些人？A. 一般说来，不可数名词及可数名词的单数做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。(1) Water is necessary for living things. 水对
16、于生物来说是必须的。(2) The desk over there is Li Leis. 那边的那张课桌是李蕾的。(3) The dog is a useful animal. 狗是一种有用的动物。H. 主语是： public, board, family, class, team, group, crowd, audience, company, crew, committee, enemy, government, herd, jury, party 等名词时，如果是作为整体的，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；如果作为其中一个个的成员，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。(1) Our class
17、is made up of fifty students. 我们班有五十个学生组成。(2) Our class are working very hard. 我们班学习都很努力。(3) His team is very strong. 他们队很强大。(4) His team are talking with the coach. 他们队在跟教练谈话。B. 表示总称意义的名词 people (人们，人民), cattle, police，youth 做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式(1) English people are fond of talking about weather. 英国
18、人喜欢谈论天气。(2) Cattle are farmers friends. 牛是农民的朋友。I. 主语是：news, politics, physics, plastics, mathematics 等名词虽然以 s 结尾，但谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式(1) Physics is very interesting and useful. 物理既很有趣也很有用。(2) Plastics is widely used in our daily life. 塑料在日常生活中被广泛地应用。C. 主语是：时间、距离、价格、度量衡单位等名词或短语，即使是复数，谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。(
19、1) Three years passes quickly. 三年很快过去了。(2) Two meters is not long enough. 两米不够长。J. 主语若是书名，剧名、报刊、杂志名称或国家、单位名称时，即使名词是复数形式，谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。(1) The Arabian Nights is very interesting. 一千零一夜很有趣。(2) The New York Times is popular in America. 纽约时报 在美国很受欢迎。D. 在算式里，主语是数词时，谓语动词也只能用第三人称单数形式。(1) Three and five
20、is eight. 三加五等于八。(2) Twelve divided by six is two. 十二除以六等于二。K. 主语是：clothes, compasses, goods, glasses, trousers, scissors, shoes, socks, gloves等名时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。(1) The trousers are not expensive. 这条裤子不贵。(2) Your socks are over there. 你的袜子在那边。E. 主语是：a lot of, lots of, plenty，百分比 of +名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照名词
21、的数而确定。(1) A lot of people have taken part in the activity. 很多人参加了这次活动。(2) Lots of water is lost. 大量的水被流失了。L. 主语是：the number of + 名词的复数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 主语是：a number of + 名词复数时，谓语动词用第三人称复数形式。(1) The number of students in our class is seventy-eight. 我们班的学生数是七十八。 (2) A number of students of our school c
22、ome from the countryside. 我们学校很多学生来自农村。F. 主语是： kind of, type of, pair of, amount of, quantity of + 名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照 kind, type, amount, pair, quantity 的数而确定。(1) This pair of trousers was made by Master Li. 这条裤子是李师傅做的。(2) A large quantity of water in the sea has been polluted. 这个海里大量的水被污染了。(3) Large qu
23、antities of rice have been destroyed in the flood. 大量的庄稼在洪水中被毁坏了。M. 主语是：the population 时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。主语是：分数 + population 时，谓语动词常用第三人称复数形式。(1) What is the population of your town? 你们镇的人口多少？(2) The population of America is a little over two hundred million. 美国人口数大约是两亿多一点。 (3)About eighty percent of
24、the population in our country are farmers. 我们国家大约有百分之八十的人口是农民。主谓一致详表02.名词做主语G. 主语是：means, works, sheep, fish, Japanese, Chinese 等名词时，谓语动词的形式须依照它们在句中的意义来确定。(1) Every means has been tried but we cant save him. 每一种方法我们都是用过了，但是我们还是救不了他。(2) All the means have been tried but we cant save him. 所有的方法我们都是用过了
25、，但是我们还是救不了他。 A谓语一般用复数形式。 (1) Li Lei and Liu Mei are both interested in English. 李蕾和魏方都对英语感兴趣。(2) He and she are good friends. 他跟她是好朋友。Band 连接的两个成对的名词，如 fork and knife, bread and butter； soda and water； coffee and water；aim and end；salt and water 等，虽有 and 连接，但仍表示单一的概念，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。(1) Where is your
26、 fork and knife? 你的刀叉在哪儿？(2) Is the bread and butter enough for you two? 你们两人吃这一点面包和黄油够了吗？Cand 连接的两个名词若是指同一个人, 即： and 前的名词前有冠词,而 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。Im told that the monitor and League secretary is ill today. 我听说班长兼团支书今天病了。(一) and, both.and 连接名词或代词做主语Dand 所连接的连个名词前分别有: every, each, no, man
27、y a 等修饰时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。(1) Every boy and every girl enjoys themselves in the school. 在学校，每一个男孩和女孩都玩得挺开心。(2) Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting. 在会上，很多老师和学生发了言。(二) 主语是：连接词 or, eitheror, neithernor, whetheror, notbut, not only but also等连接的名词或代词时，谓语动词的形式须跟与之最接近的名词或代词决定。(1) Neit
28、her he nor you are to blame. 他和你都不应该受责备。(2) Is neither he nor you to blame? 他和你都不应该受责备吗？(三) 主语是：介词 in, out of, with, except, besides, without, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to 等所连接的两个名词时，谓语动词的形式应与这些词前面的名词的数保持一致。(1) At t
29、he meeting, one in four is against the decision. 会上由四分之一的人反对这一决议。(2) The teacher with his students is discussing a question. 老师和学生们在讨论问题。(四) one and a half + 名词复数做主语，即名词超过一，但不满二时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。One and a half oranges is enough for the baby. 这个孩子有一个半桔子就够了。(五) many a + 名词单数；more than one + 名词单数；a + 名词单
30、数 + or two 等做句子的主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。(1) Many a student is interested in English grammar. 很多学生对英语语法感兴趣。(2) A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad. 一两个工人将被派往国外去工作。03. 两个或两个以上的名词连在一起做主语(六) one or two +名词复数做句子的主语时，谓语动词第三人称复数形式。 One or two spelling mistakes have been found in your composition.
31、在你的作文中发现了一两个拼写错误AThe + 形容词指人做主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式。 (1) The poor were usually looked down upon by the rich. 过去，穷人常被富人瞧不起。(2) The wounded have been taken good care of in the hospital. 伤员在医院受到了很好的照护。04. The + 形容词做主语 BThe + 形容词指抽象概念做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 The decayed has been thrown away. 腐烂的东西已经被扔掉了。A主语是非谓语动词
32、短语时， 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 (1) Reading is of much help for learning a language. 阅读对学语言很有帮助。(2) To keep on doing morning exercises is good. (= It is good to keep on doing morning exercises.) 坚持做早操很有好处。B主语是从句时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。但 what，who 引导的从句做主语时，当指具体的东西或人时，谓语动词的形式必须根据具体的意思而定。(1) Why he was absent yesterday
33、is being questioned. 他昨天为什么没来正在询问之中。(2) Where we can get so much money is still a problem. 我们到哪里去弄这么多钱还是个问题。(3) What I want are these things.C在强调句型“It + be + 被强调的部分 + that / who ”中，be 总是用单数形式；that / who 后的谓语动词的形式必须跟被强调的主语保持一致。(1) It was Lin Tao who called you just now. 刚才给你打电话的就是林涛。(2) It is you tha
34、t are going to be invited to the party. 只有你将被邀请去参加聚会。D定语从句中谓语动词的形式必须跟先行词的单、复数形式保持一致。注意：在“one of + 名词复数 + 定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式，但当 one 前面有 the, the very, the less, the only 或形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式，(1) The girl who is speaking on the stage is Zhang Lis sister. 在台上讲话的那个女孩是张力的姐姐。(2) The
35、children that are playing games over there are from Hunan. 在那边做游戏的孩子们是湖南人。(1) Li Lei is one of the students who are good at English. 李蕾是英语学得好的学生之一。(2) Alice is the only one of the girls that is from America. 艾利斯是唯一的一个来美国的女孩。主谓一致详表05. 主语是句子、短语Ethere be 结构中 be 动词的形式由紧接近 be 后面的名词的形式所决定。 (1) There is a
36、teacher and seventy students in the classroom. 教室里有一个老师和七十个学生。(2) There are seventy students and a teacher in the classroom. 教室里有七十个学生和一个老师。F在某些虚拟语气的句子中，无论主语是谁，be 动词总是为 were 的形式。 (1) If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky freely. 要是我是一只鸟，我将自由自在地在天空飞翔。(2) If he were here, I would talk to him face to face. 如果他在这里，我将面对面地跟他谈。
