1、1高三语法专题 名词性从句主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，因此这四种从句统称为名词性从句。一：名词性从句的引导词1;连接词:that, if, whether.只起引导作用，在句中不充当任何成分其中 that 不翻译出来，没有任何含义；而 if 和 whether 翻译成”是否”。Eg: That this has happened is not uncertain.We cannot be sure whether /if our dreams will come true.2:连接代词：who, , whose, which, what, whateve
2、r, whoever, whichever.在句中要充当主语，宾语，表语I wonder what you are thinking about.Can you imagine what will happen next?My hometown is not what it used to be.；连接副词：where, when, how, why, how soon, how often, how long, how much.在句中充当相应的状语When he will hold the meeting has been decided.This is how Henry solved
3、the problem.二：名词性从句的分类与引导词一）：主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语，引导主语从句的词有，that, whether, who, what, which, whoever, whichever, whatever, when, where, how, why 等。Whether we will succeed is still a question.Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.注：1. 主语从句的主谓一致1).主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式. That they will
4、come is certain2).由 who, whoever 引导的主语从句的单复数要视从句中的单复数而定. Whoever say that are to be punished.Who he is doesnt concern me.3).What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.What he wants are these books.What he wants is some water2. 有时为了平衡句式，常用 it 做形式主语，而把从句放在后面It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.It depen
5、ds on the climate whether they are going shopping today.It is believed that he is a talent二）.宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导宾语从句的词有，that, whether, who, what, which, whoever, whichever, whatever, when, where, how, why 等。宾语从句一般放在动词，形容词或介词后。She has told us (that) she will give us a hand.He asked me how I was ge
6、tting along with my new classmates.Im afraid that I have made a mistake.I was interested in what he was doing.2注：1. 有时要用 it 作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。He has made it clear that he will not give in.You may depend on it that they are valuable.2. 如 do you think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine 后接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，疑问
7、词要放在居首。What do you think is going on outside?When do you believe he will held the meeting3. I/We (dont) think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine 后接宾语从句时，反义疑问句要与从句中的主语和谓语保持一致。I dont suppose he cares, does he?4. that 引导，通常 that 可以省略（但 that 引导其他名词性从句时不可省略）She has told us (that) she will give us a hand.三）.表
8、语从句表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语，引导表语从句的词有，that, whether, who, what, which, whoever, whichever, whatever, when, where, how, because 等。表语从句一般放在系动词后。The reason is that Ive been too busy these days.That is where he spent his childhood.The coat is where you left it.三）.同位语从句的概念在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后，用以说明该名词表示
9、的具体内容。引导同位语从句的词有，that, whether, who, what, which, when, where, how, why 等.常放在 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information suggestion, possibility 等名词后面，用以说明该名词的具体内容。I heard the news that our team had won.We havent settled the question where we will spend our holidays.The question who should
10、do the work requires consideration .2.有时用 namely（即） ，that is to say（也就是说） ，that is （那就是）等引出同位语或同位语从句。There is only one way of improving your English , that is , to practice more.He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.三：名词性从句的难点和考点1. 语序问题。名词性从句要用陈述语序The photographs will show you
11、what our village looks like You can hardly imagine how excited he was when he heard the news 2：引导词 that 和 what 的区别What 在从句中要充当主语，宾语或表语，这时 what 相当于 all that/everything that 等常译作“所.的（东西，事情，话等） ”。而 that 只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，that 引导主语从句放在居首时不能省略。What I cant understand is why he has changed his min
12、d.That the earth is round is known to us all.2. 引导词 if 和 whether 的区别if 和 whether 引导动词后的宾语从句时可以通用，但介词后的宾语从句，主语从句，表语3从句和同位语从句不能用 if 引导。I dont care if/whether he will come to my party.I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.Whether she will go home or not is unknown.The question is whether we can col
13、lect enough money.3. 引导词 Who 和 whoever 的区别引导名词性从句时，whoever 相当于 anyone who 或 those who 它既是从句的主语又是主句的主语。而 who 只做从句的主语，它引导的从句才是主句的主语。Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.Who will be elected the president doesnt make much difference to me.4. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句用于解释前面名词的内容，从句本身是一
14、个完整的句子，所以其前面的名词在同位语从句中不作任何成分；而定语从句对它前面的名词加以限制和修饰，从句本身不完整，因此其前的名词在定语从句中通常做主语，宾语或表语等成分。The news that Mr. Brown will be our new English teacher is true.The news that he told me yesterday is true.Ive no idea that Kate has been to shanghaiThe book (that) I bought yesterday was written by LuXun.5. Whoever
15、 与 no matter who ，whatever 与 no matter what 的区别。Whoever whatever 即可引导名词性从句也可引导让步状语从句；而 No matter what 和 No matter who 只引导让步状语从句。Whatever(=No matter what) you may think, Im going ahead with my plans.Whoever(=No matter who) you are, you cant pass the way.Take whatever you need and leave me alone.Whoev
16、er did this job must be rewarded.6. 名词性从句中的语气。1)表示“建议，命令，请求，要求 ”意义的动词后接 that 从句时，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形表虚拟，且 should 可以省略。Advise/recommend/order/propose/suggest / insist / demand / require / request (that) sb. (should) doBobs doctor suggests that he (should) rest for a few days.I suggested that he see
17、a doctor.He insisted that we arrive there before 7 oclock.2) 在 It is important / necessary/natural/strange/essential+ that sb. (should) doIt is necessary that the problem should be settled at once.7. 名词性从句的时态名词性从句一般要遵循时态一致原则,但虚拟语气例外；即主句用现在时，从句用现在的某种时态；主句用过去时，从句也用过去的某种时态。He said that he didnt want to
18、 know. I wonder what has happened to her.名词性从句中考查虚拟语气 1. 考查主语从句中虚拟语气的谓语动词形式 这类形式的虚拟语气通常表示建议、命令、要求、希望、惊讶等语气。 (1) “It is necessary (important/natural/strange/surprising) that .”句型中,从句的谓语4动词通常使用(should) + 动词原形,例如: It is necessary that he (should) be sent to hospital at once. 他有必要被立刻送往医院。It is strange t
19、hat she (should) marry such a poor man. 她竟然嫁给这样一个穷光蛋,真是太奇怪了。 (2) It is suggested (desired/decided/ordered/requested / proposed) that .,例如: It has been decided that the meeting (should) be put off till next Saturday. 会议决定推迟到下周六举行。 2. 考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气 (1) 在某些表示“建议、要求、命令 ”的动词后的宾语从句中,使用(should) + 动词原形。常见的这类
20、动词有:一个坚持 (insist);两个命令(order、command);三项要求(demand、require、request);四条建议(advise、suggest、propose、recommend)等。 (2) 动词 wish 后的宾语从句中,谓语动词有三种形式:对现在的虚拟,用过去时; 对过去的虚拟,用过去完成时;对将来的虚拟 ,用 would / should +动词原形。 3. 考查表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 某些表示“建议、计划、命令”的名词(如advice、order、demand、plan 、proposal、suggestion、request 等) 后的同位语
21、从句和表语从句中的谓语动词常用(should) + 动词原形。 例如: We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing. 他建议我们到北京旅游观光,我们都同意了。 My advice is that he (should) exercise first. 我的建议是他应该先做练习。 热点 3 在其他固定句式中考查虚拟语气 1. 虚拟语气用于“It is (high) time (that) .”句型中,that 从句中的谓语动词用过去式(be 用 were)或 should + 动词原
22、形,should 不能省略,意为“(现在) 该到了的时候了” 。例如: Its high time that he went / should go to bed. 到了他该上床睡觉的时候了。 2. 虚拟语气用于 would rather 后的从句中,表达一种愿望或建议时,用过去式表示现在或将来的情况,用过去完成式表示过去的情况。例如: I would rather you went next Sunday. 我情愿你下周日走。 I would rather you hadnt done that. 我真希望你没做那件事。 3. 虚拟语气用于 as if / as though、even if
23、 / even though 等引导的表语从句或状语从句中,对现在的虚拟,用过去时;对过去的虚拟,用过去完成时。例如: The two new-comers talked as if they had known each other for ages. 那两个新来的人聊天的样子仿佛他们已经相识多年了。 4. 虚拟语气用于 if only 引导的感叹句中,其谓语动词的形式与 wish 后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式一样。 热点 4 在语境中考查“情态动词+完成时”表达的虚拟语气 情态动词 should / ought to / would / neednt + have done 表示虚拟意义,含
24、有“责备、遗憾、后悔”的意味。名词性从句练习一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1. China is no longer what it used to be. 2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all. 3. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all. 4. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 55. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 6. That is where Lu Xun used to live. 7 He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about. 8. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school? 9. I wonder why she refused my invitation.
