1、http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 南方水稻黑条性矮缩病的发生及防治技术1 南方水稻黑条性矮缩病的发病症状Article 1 black southern rice dwarf virus disease symptoms 水稻各个生育期均可感病，但不同生育期的稻株感病后表现症状有所不同：Rice each growth period were sensible, but in different growth period of rice plants infected after the symptom is different: 1.1 典型症状 发病植株明显矮缩，根
2、系不发达，须根少而短，严重时根系呈黄褐色；叶色深绿，剑叶或上部叶的叶面可见凹凸不平的皱折；叶背及茎秆表面有蜡点状、纵向排列成条形的瘤状突起，早期是乳白色，后期是褐黑色；病株节部有倒生须根及高节位分枝。1.1 typical symptom onset plant significantly short shrinkage, root developed, fibrous root is little and short, serious when yellowish-brown root; Sword, dark green leaves and upper leaves adaxially
3、visible uneven buckling; Back and stem surface wax with dot, longitudinal strip are arranged in a calyx tumor, early is ivory, is late brown-black; Strain http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ section of raw fibres and high section of a branch. 1.2 苗期症状 病株颜色深绿，心叶抽出缓慢，心叶叶片短小而僵直、深绿，叶脉有不规则蜡白色瘤状突起，后变成黑褐色。叶枕间距缩短，其
4、叶鞘被包裹在下叶鞘里，植株严重矮缩（株高不及正常株的 1/3） ，不能拔节，重病株常早枯死亡。1.2 strain color dark green seedling symptoms, heart leaf take out slowly, heart under short and rigidity, dark green, Ye Maiyou irregular wax white nodular, after become dark brown. Pulvinus distance shortened, its leaf sheath was wrapped in the leaf s
5、heath, serious plant dwarf virus (plant height less than 1/3 of the normal strains), not elongating stage, severe strains often early withered to death. 1.3 分蘖期限症状 病株分蘖增多丛生，上部数片叶的叶枕重叠，心叶从下叶鞘而出或从下叶枕口呈螺旋状伸出，叶片短而僵直、皱折，叶尖略有扭曲畸形。植株矮小，主茎及早生分蘖尚能抽穗，但穗头难以结实，或包穗，或穗小1。1.3 tillering period symptom strain increa
6、se tillering, upper leaf of pulvinus overlap, leaves from the leaf sheath and leaf pillow under or from spiraling out of mouth, short and rigid blade, buckling, tip slightly http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ distorted deformity. Plant small, main stem is born early tillering to heading, but I cant strong,
7、 ear or package the ear, or the ear small 1. 1.4 抽穗期症状 全株矮丛生，有的能抽穗，但抽穗不完全，抽穗迟而小，实粒少，粒重轻，剑叶短小僵直，在中上部叶片可见纵向皱折；在茎秆下部节间和节上可见蜡白色或黑褐色隆起的短条脉肿。根系不发达，须根少而短，严重时根系呈黄褐色。1.4 full heading stage symptom plant dwarf, some can be earing, but earing, incomplete earing and little late, less solid grain, grain weight i
8、s light, sword leaf short and rigidity, the upper blade is visible in the longitudinal buckling; Section at the bottom of the stem internode and visible white or dark brown wax uplift of short pulse is swollen. Root system is not developed, fibrous root is little and short, serious when the root is
9、brown. 2 南方水稻黑条性矮缩病的发生规律Article 2 black southern rice dwarf virus disease occurrence regularity 2.1 病毒初侵染源 1）越冬虫源的带毒白背飞虱、田间自发生及再生带毒水稻苗、杂草等。2）由外地迁入的带毒白背飞虱。初http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 侵染源在早稻上扩大侵染量，经白背飞虱传至单季稻或晚稻秧田及本田，同时可扩散到玉米田，早期侵染造成严重为害。植株之间不相互传毒、白背飞虱不经卵传毒。介体一经染毒，终身带毒，稻株接毒后潜伏期 1424 d。2.1 virus QinRan
10、Yuan 1) at the beginning of the overwintering insect source of poisonous white back planthopper, the field since the strip and regeneration in poison rice seedlings, weeds, etc. 2) by the nonlocal move white back BPH with poison. Early QinRanYuan expand quantity of infection on early rice, the white
11、-backed planthopper to single harvesting or late rice seedling bed and Honda, and can spread to the corn field, early infection causing serious harm. Plants dont pass each other between the poison, white-backed planthopper without eggs poison. Desmon once infected, lifelong with poison, poison rice
12、plants after 14 24 d after the incubation period. 2.2 田间发生趋势与发病特点 该病具有发生范围广、暴发性强、扩散蔓延快、为害隐蔽等特点。随着病毒分布范围的扩大及越冬毒源大量的积累，病害逐年加重。一般晚稻田发病重于早稻田，移栽田重于直播田，杂交稻重于常规稻。田块间，发病轻重取决于水稻危险生育期是否与带毒白背飞虱迁入发生高峰期相吻合，田块间发病差异非常大。水稻感病期主要在分蘖前的苗期（秧苗期和本http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 田初期） ，拔节后不易感病。最易感病期为秧苗的 26 叶期。水稻苗期、分蘖前期感染发病后，水稻不
13、能正常抽穗，基本绝收；拔穗期和孕穗期发病，产量因侵染时期的先后造成损失在 10%30% 。病区田间尚未发现有明显抗病的水稻品种。2.2 the field occurrence trend and characteristics of the disease disease has spread to spread wide, strong explosive, the harm concealment, etc. With the expanding of virus distribution range and wintering other large number of accumul
14、ation, disease increased year by year. Usually late rice fields is more important than waseda, transplanting field over broadcast field, hybrid rice is better than conventional rice. Field, between disease severity depends on whether the growth period of rice dangerous and poisonous white back plant
15、hopper in peak is consistent, field between the difference is very big. Infected period mainly in rice tillering seedling (seedling stage and Honda early) before and after the jointing stage and not susceptible to disease. The most susceptible to disease period for 2 6 leaf stage of seedling. Rice s
16、eedling stage and tillering early after the onset of infection, rice cant normal earing, the basic crops; Spike stage and booting stage, yield losses caused because of the infection period successively in 10% 30%. Ward the field has not been found to have obvious resistance of rice varieties. http:/
17、 http:/ http:/ http:/ 3 主要防控技术措施Three main technical measures for prevention and control 坚持“预防为主，综合防治”的植保方针，采取“杀灭传毒害虫、切断毒源、治秧田保大田、治前期保后期，通过治虫达到防病目的的”综合防控策略，推行“抗、避、断、治” （抗：选抗（耐）病品种，避：抓好栽培管理，断：阻断毒源，治：治虫防病）等综合防控措施，降低白背飞虱发生的数量和传毒风险 ，减轻水稻病毒病的发生为害。抓住秧苗期和本田初期的关键环节，以“治虱防矮”为重点，实施科学防控。对已经发生南方水稻黑条矮缩病的病田，根据田间发病
18、程度分别采取不同的应急补救措施。Adhere to the “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control of“ plant protection policy, take “to kill poison pests, cut off the other, cultivating seedling bed insurance field, early confirmed later, through pest prevention to achieve the purpose of“ comprehensive preventi
19、on and control strategy, promote “resistance, avoidance, and governance“ (: resistance (resistance) disease resistance varieties, avoid: pay special attention to the cultivation of management, broken: blocking other, cure: pest prevention) comprehensive prevention and control measures, such as to re
20、duce the number of white-backed planthopper occurrence and drug http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ risk, reduce the occurrence of virus disease harm of rice. Seize the early seedling stage and Honda key link, with an emphasis on “hong lice proof short“, implement scientific prevention and control. To have
21、occurred in southern rice dwarf virus disease of disease black field, according to the field the degree respectively, take different emergency measures. 3.1 选用抗（耐）病良种，淘汰感病品种 避免种植本地区上年度南方水稻黑条矮缩病重发品种。培育无病壮苗，适当增加播种量，以备水稻分蘖期田间发病时“掰蘖补苗”的需要。3.1 selecting resistant varieties (resistance) disease, eliminate
22、 cultivars avoid planting in the region last years southern rice dwarf virus upon black hair. Disease-free seedling cultivation, increasing seeding rate, in order to have the rice tillering stage in the field “break tillers fill the gaps with seedlings“ needs. 3.2 抓好栽培管理3.2 pay special attention to
23、the cultivation of management 1）历史病区，在生长适期适当调整水稻播、插期，尽量将水稻发病敏感期与传毒媒介发生高峰期错开。晚稻秧田尽可能远离早稻http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 田。2）加强肥水管理，对发病田要及时排水晒田，适当增施磷钾肥和农家肥，避免重施氮肥，增强水稻抗病抗虫能力。3）加强田间检查，及时拔除病株。当大田已经严重发病，或发病丛率超过 7%的田块及时拔除病株（丛） ，并就地入泥深埋，然后从健丛中掰出一半分蘖苗或将储备秧移栽到拔除病丛留下的空穴中，并及时喷施植物生长调节剂加尿素，促使稻苗恢复群体生长。1) history of w
24、ard, in growth stage optimum adjust planting rice, and rice sensitive period to try to poison the peak staggered medium. Late rice seedling bed, as far as possible away from waseda. Field to 2) to strengthen water management, to the disease timely drainage field drying, appropriate to add under phos
25、phorus and farmyard manure, avoid heavy nitrogen, strengthen insect-resistant rice disease resistance ability. 3) to strengthen the field inspection, prompt remoal strain. When a field has serious illness, or disease plexus rate more than 7% of the field strain (bundle), prompt remoal and on-site de
26、ep into the mud, and then through the health break out half the tillering seedling seedling transplanting or reserves to wipe out the disease left bundle holes, and timely spraying plant growth regulator with urea, prompting rice seedlings growth recovery groups. 3.3 切断毒源 1）清除稻田周边杂草，减少白背飞虱的寄主http:/
27、http:/ http:/ http:/ 和毒源。2）收割早稻时要随割随挑，不要将稻草堆放地稻田里，尽量挑走，减少稻草还田，如需要还田的要埋好稻草，防止带毒飞虱进入晚稻田。3）抓好冬防。晚稻收割后要冬犁晒田，清除再生稻和田边、沟边杂草。3.3 cut the other 1) removal of paddy weeds around, reduce the white-backed planthopper and other host. 2) increases with the increasing cutting pick when you harvest the rice, do no
28、t use straw dumps rice paddies, to pick to go as far as possible, reduce the straw counters-field set, such as the need to bury a good straw counters-field set, to prevent the poisonous plant hopper into the late rice fields. 3) pay special attention to DongFang. Late rice harvest to winter plough f
29、ield drying, after removal of ratooning rice weeds and tanabe, river bank. 4 科学防控，治虫防病4 the scientific prevention and control, pest prevention 以“治虱防矮”为重点，采取“治前期保后期，治秧田保大田的治虫防病”策略，根据当地植保部门的病虫害情报，重点抓好秧田和本田分蘖前期白背飞虱的预防和控制工作。http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ Lice proof short to “governing“ as the key point, ta
30、ke “early confirmed later, cure seedling bed protect field pest prevention“ strategy, according to local plant protection department of plant diseases and insect pests of intelligence, focus on seedling bed and Honda tiller white-backed planthopper prevention and control work. 4.1 以预防为主，抓好秧田期的的防治4.1
31、 to prevention, pays special attention to the issue of prevention and control of the seedling patches 1）种子处理。用 10%的吡虫啉 300350 倍液浸种 812 h，或在种子催芽露白后，每公斤稻种拌吡蚜酮或 10%吡虫啉 2025 g 进行拌种，待药液充分吸干后播种。2）采用防虫网覆盖育秧。在播种后用40 目聚乙烯防虫网全程覆盖秧田，阻止稻飞虱迁飞到秧苗是传毒为害。秧田应远离感病稻田和玉米田。3）施“送嫁”药。秧苗移栽前35 d，用 10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂 25 g 加 20%病毒 A50 对水 60 kg喷施，或移栽时用 25%吡蚜酮 300350 倍液浸秧。1) the seed treatment. With 10% imidacloprid 300 350 times liquid seed 8 12 h, or in accelerating seed germination after the thief, per kg rice mix pyrazole ketone of aphid or 10% imidacloprid 20 25 g and stay
