1、 人 书 脑1.William Shakespeare莎士比亚1564-1616Three periods1. Historical plays 2. Great tragediesHamlet 哈姆雷特/王子复仇记 ;Othello 奥塞罗;King Lear 李尔王;The Tragedy of Macbeth 麦克白;Timon of Athens 雅典的泰门;； Measure for Measure 恶有恶报; 3. Tragi-comediesThe Tempest 暴风风雨 ; RenaissanceShakespearian sonnet14 行诗Not for an age,
2、 but for all time. 永垂不朽Quatrain 成组句Couplet 对偶句2John Milton约翰弥尔顿1608-1674(The phases of Miltons life parallel the major historical and political divisions in Stuart Britain. )Three periods:1. Short poemsLAllegro 欢乐的人; Il Penseroso 沉思的人;Comus 科马斯;Lycidas 列西达斯;2. Pamphlets The Defense of the English pe
3、ople 为英国人民声辩; The Second Defense of the English people 再为英国人民声FeaturesMiltons poetry and prose reflect 1. deep personal convictions2. a passion for freedom and self-determination3. the urgent issues and political turbulence 4. achieved international renown within his lifetime.Special Features1. Rich
4、 and complex texture, multiplicity of the classical (Biblical and mythological) references, 辩;3. poemsParadise Lost 失乐园;Paradise Regained 复乐园; Samson Agonistes 力士参孙wealth of ornament and decoration2. Subjects are magnificent3. The characters are human and believable 4. In the ending, life not death
5、is triumphantInfluenceRomantic poets William Blake and Percy Shelley, who saw Satan as the real hero of the poem and a rebel against the tyranny of Heaven.Winston Churchill3Daniel Defoe丹尼尔迪福1660-17311. The Father of the English Fiction2. first important English novelist 标志着近代英国小说的形成 3. versatile 多产的
6、FictionRobinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记1719 Captain Singleton辛格尔顿船长1720Moll Flanders摩尔弗兰德斯 1722A Journal of the Plague Year 大疫年记事 1722Non-fictionThe Shortest Way with the Dissenters消灭不同教派的捷径 Poems Hymn to the Pillory枷锁颂wrote in prison. imitated the lyric poem of Greek poet Pindaros(品达罗斯) .The True-Born English
7、man地道的英国人1701his first ironic poem an attack on pedantry(买弄学问)A Tale of A Tub 一个木桶的故事 ; 1. in the form of a parable2. a satire upon all religious sects an attack on Christianity itselfGuillivers Travels 格列佛游记 Lilliput 小人国-the Tories(托利党) direct and precise prose;a master satirist;deadly irony Litera
8、ry Views1.He firmly believed the educational function of literature2.The purpose of the novel was not just to amuse, but to instruct3.“the just copies of human manners”Amelia 阿美利亚(人类态度的完整拷贝）Literary Features1.The first to give the modern novel its structure and style2.Third-person narration “all-kno
9、wing God”3.The language is easy and familiar, but quite vivid and vigorous6 Robert Burns彭斯 1759-1796(the national poet of Scotland 苏格兰民族诗人)Poems in the Scottish Dialect 苏格兰方言诗集 Poems:The Tree of Liberty 自由村; Scots Wha-Hae 苏格兰人 ; The Two Dogs 两只狗; His theme:1.Love Songs of Experience 经验之歌；(simple wit
10、hout being naive; childlike without being childish; innocent without being insipid 乏味 ）The French Revolution 法国革命; The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 天堂与地狱的婚姻;名诗：Lamb; London; The TigerFirst Important Romantic Poet 1.Inner spiritual freedom of the individual2.Plain, simple, direct, immense meaning3.Vis
11、ion images4.Symbolism8 William Wordsworth威廉华兹华斯 1770-1850（Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人）Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集（mark the break with 18th century classicism and the beginning of romanticism in English poetry）;The Solitary ReaperComposed upon Westminster BridgeRomantic Poetic Principles “Preface“ : classic stateme
12、nt of Romantic poetry principles; manifesto of the English Romantic movement in poetry(developed and cherisheda love of nature) Theme:NatureOrdinary peopleOrdinary lifePreface:Al good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.Literary ConceptThe function of poetry lies in its power to
13、give an unexpected splendor to familiar and commonplace things, to “incidents and situations from common life.” All kinds of people, ordinary peasants, children, even outcasts, can enter poetry.Language in poetry1.He advocated using the language of common people.2.Imagination was very important in p
14、oetic creation.9 Jane Austin简奥斯丁1775-1817Novels:Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见; Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感;Emma 爱玛; Mansfield Park 曼斯菲尔德公园; Persuasion 劝导 Northanger Abbey 诺桑觉Fragments and early drafts:Lady SusanThe watsonsSanditonWriting Features1.Her earliest fictional ventures are full of charming and
15、 delicate comedy. 2.She was almost uninfluenced, by the current fashions in fiction or by the revolutionary ideas. 3.Simple stories of commonplace people of the upper middle class.4.Her works show a wealth of character studies, and abound in wit, humor and charm.ThemesShe never touched upon the clas
16、s conflicts of her time, and in her works the extremes of wealth and poverty are unknown. She restricted her subject, matter to a narrow range of society and events: a quiet, prosperous, middle-class circle in provincial surroundings. She treated her writing material with such subtlety of observatio
17、n, depth of psychological penetration and delicacy of touch that she is ranked among the best of English novelists. 10 George Gordon Byron乔治拜伦1788-1824早期：Hours of Idliness 懒散的时刻; Edinburgh ReviewEnglish Bords and Scottish Reviewers 英国诗人与苏格兰评论家; Canto I，II，III 长诗：Childe Harolds Pilgrimage 恰罗德哈罗德游记; H
18、ebrew Melodies 歌谣集Prison of ChillonManfred 曼弗雷德;Cain 该隐 Don Juan 唐璜 名诗：She Walks in Beauty 她在美中行FeaturesByrons poetry exerted great influence on the Romantic Movement, owing to his attacks on political, religious and moral hypocrisy, to the romantic character of “Byronic Hero” and to the easy, natur
19、al beauty of his verse.11 Percy Bysshe Shelley波西比希雪莱1792-1822 Queen Mab 麦布女王; Features1. Shelly was a revolutionary and a democrat. He was fighting all his life against cruelty, injustice, authority and institutional religion.2. He held that poetry alone could Prometheus Unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯 ; The Cenc
20、i 钦契 ; Song to the Men of England 致英国人民;The Masque of Anarchy 专制魔王的化装游行 ;Ode to the West Wind/a Skylark 西风/云雀颂; free man and offer the mind a wider view of its powers.3.“Poetry is a more direct representation of the actions and passions of our internal being”12 John Keats约翰济兹1795-1821First work:Endy
21、mion 恩底弥翁;Well-known poets:Isabella 伊莎贝拉;The Eve of Sanit Agnes 圣爱尼节前夜; On the Grasshopper and Crickets 蛐蛐和蟋蟀Ode to a Nightingale 夜莺颂; To Autumn 秋颂; Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂 ; Features:His poetry is always sensuous, colorful and rich in imaginary.Keats has the power of entering the feelings of oth
22、ers- either human or animal. He declared that when he saw a bird on the lawn, the entered imaginatively into the life of the bird.13 Charles Dickens狄更斯1812-1870The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club 匹克威克外传;Oliver Twist 奥利弗退斯特;American Notes 美国札记; Martin Chuzzlewit 马丁朱述尔维特;The Old Curiosity Shop
23、老古玩店;Dombey and Son 董贝父子; David Copperfield 大卫科波菲尔;Hard Times 艰难时世; Theme:Charles continued to use his books to tell about the bad conditions that the working classes and poor people had to live under. He hoped that by doing this things would change for the good, but they just seemed to get worse.An
24、alysis of D.C.1.Its an adapted account of Dickens own life from childhood to early adulthood. (5 AspectsC. P.)2.The 1st point of view adds much A Tale of Two Cities 双城记;Great Expectation 远大前程to the realistic effects and sympathetic treatment of characters.3.The successful employment of childs point
25、of view, brings out the truthfulness and geniuses of Davids experiences and his feelings.14 Thomas Hardy哈代 1840-1928Works: The Return of the Native 还乡; The Mayor of Casterbridge 卡斯特桥市长; Tess of the Durbervilles 德伯家的苔丝; Jude the Obscure 无名的裘德 史诗剧： The Dynasts 统治者三部曲Three groups of his work:Romances a
26、nd Fantasies; novels of ingenuity; novels of character and environmentAnalysis of Tess1. Fierce criticism of the hypocritical morality of society and the inhuman exploitation of the capitalists who invaded the English country and destroyed the peasantry from the root.2. Tess: a typical victim of the
27、 society, a personal and also social tragedy. (poverty, society, two men)3. Fate plays an important role.4.“Justice was done, and the President of the Immortals had Features1.His view was rather gloomy and dark, inevitable conflicts and tragedy of human life.2.His works are noted for the realistic p
28、resentation of life and social criticism.3.He is a great painter of nature. (Wessex)4.In style, he is a traditionalist and heightens the local and regional color.Theme:1. The struggle between men and his environment, between aspiring human spirit and the external inanimate nature.2. Common working c
29、lass people as heroes and heroines. They are usually tragic ones who acquire self-consciousness and question the fundamentals of society.3.Strong elements of naturalism and combined with a tendency towards ended his sport with Tess.” symbolism.15 Oscar Wilde王尔德 1856-1900(aestheticism 唯美主义者)Art for a
30、rts sake长篇小说: The Picture of Dorian Gray 道林格雷的画像 童话： The Happy Prince and Other Tales 快乐王子 诗集： De Prafundis 惨痛的呼声; The Ballad of Reading Gaol 累丁狱之歌 剧作： Lady Windermeres Fan 温德米尔夫人的扇子 ; A Woman of No Importance 一个无足轻重的妇女;An Ideal Husband 理想丈夫; The Importance of Being Earnest 埃耐斯特的重要性“Art for Arts Sak
31、e”1. A spokesman for aestheticism2. Belonged to decadent school3. Elements of social protest and criticism16 George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳 1856-1950（Nobel Prize Winner）Art for educations sake长篇小说：An Unsocial Socialist 业余社会主义者 评论： Quintessence of Ibsenism 剧本： Widoers Houses 鳏夫的房产; Mrs Warrens Profession 华伦夫
32、人的职业Arms and the manCandidaThe man of dynastyCaesar and CleopatraMajor Barbara 巴巴拉少校Art should serve social purposes by reflecting human life, revealing social contradictions and educating the common people.Features1. Structurally and thematically, Shaw followed the great traditions of realism. With
33、 his wit and love of paradox, he made full use of comic satire and brought a new kind of intelligence to the drama.2. Shaws language is easy, witty and forceful.3. Action is reduced to a minimum, while the dialogue and the interplay of the minds of the characters maintain the interest of Pygmalion 劈
34、克美梁; Heartbreak House 伤心之家;The Apple Cart 苹果车;Too True to be Good 真相毕露the audience.17 James Joyce乔伊斯 1882-1941(the stream of consciousness technique 意识流大师)短篇小说： Dubiners 都柏林人 长篇小说： A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man青年艺术家的画像Ulysess 尤利西斯; Finnegans Wake 芬尼根的觉醒个人成就之 Joyce詹姆斯乔伊斯（James Joyce, 1882-1
35、941），被认为是继莎士比亚后英语文学史上最伟大的作家，他在小说领域取得的成就，代表着现代主义文学的一座高峰。乔伊斯对小说形式和内容进行的探索标志着英国小说史上的重大突破。他的意识流打破了以时间为顺序的小说模式，改变了传统小说的时空观念；他对英语语言的创造性运用极大地丰富了英语的表意功能。18 Virginia Woolf沃尔芙 1882-1941（Bloomsbury Group-progressive new thinking ）长篇小说： Jacobs Room Mrs Dalloway 达洛威夫人 ; To the Lighthouse 到灯塔去;A Room of Ones Own; The Waves 浪;The YearsBetween the Acts 幕间个人成就之 Woolf意识流小说构成伍尔芙最引人注目的文学成就，她对女性存在的历史与现状独具慧眼的反思与洞察，使其成为女性主义批评史上先驱式人物。 伍尔芙与乔伊斯的不同之处在于她使用意识流技巧时常常从一个人物不露痕迹地跳到另一个人物，描绘出在同一时间不同空间人物的不同活动及思想。
