肾脏病常用药物、剂型、剂量、用法、药理作用及不良反应.doc

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1、holiday, pension and health, cultural and creative experience, sports health, farming, rural bed and breakfasts in new formats. Three is the brand to create articles. XX agricultural comparative advantage into full play, especially the exclusive advantages of climate, mountains and sea resources, to

2、 create a group of the city, the provinces “called“ XX seafood, snack foods and safe agricultural products brand characteristics. Meanwhile, new industry guidance, support more farmers to participate in entrepreneurship, promoting large-scale projects such as bed and breakfasts, farm, seed breeding

3、base construction. Four is the mechanism innovation of the article. Deepen agricultural reform, focusing on supporting foster professional major, family farms, cooperatives, enterprises and other new subjects of agricultural management, improve agricultural production and operation of large-scale, p

4、rofessional level. Advance the reform of property right system in rural areas, to pay special attention to land rights, improve the function of property rights trading center to guide land management to professional users, family farms, cooperatives, leading enterprises in circulation. Spare no effo

5、rt to promote the provinces “Trinity“ farmer cooperative economy organization system reform of County building, and actively explore the Trinity of production, supply and marketing, creditFarmer cooperative economy organization system, real organic aggregates up to all kinds of business entities, cl

6、osely linked to the all aspects of production and marketing. (B) to make the countryside more beautiful. Promoting the construction of new towns and new countryside reactions together, strengthening the construction of rural eco-environment, create the beautiful countryside construction upgrades, ma

7、king rural areas more livable, suitable for industry, and travel. A focus on rural environment improvement. As far as the rural, the most basic is to make the environment clean and orderly. Pollution to extensively mobilize the masses continue to carry water, clear rivers, down violations, treatment

8、 of bleaching, such as waste reduction, flowering tree “big six“, vigorously carry out waste reduction, resource recovery, improve the cleaning mechanism, enhance the level of meticulous management of the village. Second, we must pay special attention to the beautiful residential building. Adhere to

9、 the “planning ahead, because village system, combination classification implementation, demolition, alteration simultaneously“ policy, vigorously implement the “five hundred“ beautiful countryside construction, actively promote “beautiful house“ pilot expansion. Around 104 national road, Ling Road,

10、 longjindadao, sea road, Ju XI Liao road to catch the five sides of the main roads in about 200 villages, beautiful countryside features boutique village created, good job on planning, environmental protection, cultural heritage, industrial development, crafting lines to create the beautiful rural s

11、cenery, boutique village breed characteristics. No matter whichas long as they caught up peach Lake and village after eight acres to create a standard, even if the County financial to be nervous, the County Government will fulfil their commitments, and 3 million Yuan/village of subsidies. Third, we

12、must pay special attention to development of beauty industry. Construction and traditional villages and beautiful countryside protection of history and culture village, rural tourism, bed and breakfast in combining economic, on rural tourism development in precise and accurate positioning, precision

13、 marketing, supply, and vigorously promote the beautiful rural landscape of rural tourism complex, line, fashion boutique farm village construction and strive to build a group of XX feature quality boutique accommodation project. (C) efforts to get farmers to become even richer. “Off not well-off, t

14、he key to fellow“, the “three agriculture“, final destination was improving farmers welfare, improving farmers living standards. Focus on three aspects: one is “increasing income-generating“ efforts. Actively developing the characteristic agriculture, processing, e-commerce, farm and bed and breakfa

15、st in economy, ensure a stable operating income growth. Deepen the “three rights“ rights empowering the reform, promoting the property income growth. Strengthening of farmers skills training, increase employment levels, promoting sustained growth in wage income. Guide enterprises to strengthen socia

16、l responsibility, equality and mutual benefit, and signed a contract of purchase and sale of agricultural products for farmers, cooperatives and farmers are encouraged “guaranteed earnings + share“ distribution system, sharing the value-added benefits of industrial development. Second in the growing

17、 collective efforts. City has developed the implementation of village-level collective economy three years cultivating meter, Requires three years of hard work and largely kongkecun, the majority of villages have operating income. Against this target, we have to be based on local conditions, use you

18、r head, and actively explore and find ways, and ensure completion of tasks in the city. Third, work on strengthened safeguards. Advancing precision of poverty, improve the low-income household tracking, dynamic management mechanism, especially for “unemployed can hold, unable to get out of poverty“

19、of poverty, further strengthening the fallback of subsistence allowances and social assistance, and address the basic needs of poor people. Deepening the reform of public services in rural areas, focus on resolving prominent weakness of rural public service and peoples livelihood facilities, such as

20、 through the teaching, medical and other ways to improve educational levels, improving health conditions in rural areas. By encouraging the Central village to set up day care centres to promote old-age home, rural elderly pension problems. Third, firmly grasp and continued to play well “five water t

21、reatment of“ winning the war on February 29 this year, the provinces “five water treatment肾脏病常用药物、剂型、剂量、用法、药理作用及不良反应一、利尿剂1. 强效利尿剂呋塞米(速尿)1.1剂型、剂量:片剂,20mg ;针剂,20 mg(2ml)。1.2用法:口服每次1040 mg,每日3次,一般用3天;静脉注射每次20200 mg,视疗效及肾功能而定。1.3.药理作用:抑制肾小管髓袢升支髓质部及皮质部鈉、氯的再吸收,因而尿中钠、钾与水的排出量增加而产生利尿作用。1.4不良反应:水和电解质紊乱,胃肠道反应如

22、恶心、呕吐,耳毒症,高尿酸血症,偶见心律失常及皮疹、肝损伤等。1.5注意事项:1.5.1避免与氨基甙类抗生素及头孢噻啶等合用,以防耳及肾毒性。1.5.2本品与降压药合用可增强降压效果,但剂量宜减少。1.5.3当出现电解质紊乱时,宜采用间歇疗法用药13日,停药24日,用药期宜常规补钾,要稀释后缓慢静滴。应常规检查血中电解质浓度。1.5.4对手术病人,在手术前1周应停用本品,因本品能降低动脉对升压胺的反应,增加筒箭毒碱的肌松弛及麻痹作用。布美他尼(利了)1.1剂型、剂量:片剂,1mg;针剂, 0.5 mg(2ml)。1.2用法:口服每次0.51 mg,每日13次,一般用3天;静脉注射每次 0.51

23、 mg,视疗效及肾功能而定。1.3.药理作用:同呋塞米,但剂量为其1/50 。1.4不良反应:较呋塞米为低,但大量及长期应用后,应定期检查电解质。1.5注意事项:1.5.1本品与降压药合用治疗高血压患者水肿时,剂量宜减少。1.5.2本品不宜加于酸性溶液中静滴,易引起沉淀。2. 中效利尿剂氢氯噻嗪(双氢氯噻嗪,双氢克尿塞 )1.1剂型、剂量:片剂,25mg 。1.2用法:口服每次2550 mg ,每日13次,一般用3天。1.3.药理作用:抑制肾小管髓袢升支粗段皮质部鈉、氯的再吸收,因而尿中钠、钾与水的排出量增加而产生利尿作用,利钠后血容量减少,回心血量减少,心输出量降低而引起血压下降,能使尿中钙

24、离子减少,对尿崩症病人有抗利尿作用。1.4不良反应:低钾血症,胃肠道反应如恶心、呕吐,耳毒症,高尿酸血症,长期服用可引起血糖升高,糖尿病病人应慎用。1.5注意事项:1.5.1本品排钾可增加强心甙的毒性,故与强心甙并用时应特别注意补钾。1.5.2本品与普萘洛尔合用可增强降压效果。1.5.3本品与保钾利尿药合用,可加强疗效减少排钾。1.5.4本品与锂盐合用,可提高锂盐血浓度,故合并应用时注意减少锂盐的剂量。3. 弱效利尿剂holiday, pension and health, cultural and creative experience, sports health, farming, ru

25、ral bed and breakfasts in new formats. Three is the brand to create articles. XX agricultural comparative advantage into full play, especially the exclusive advantages of climate, mountains and sea resources, to create a group of the city, the provinces “called“ XX seafood, snack foods and safe agri

26、cultural products brand characteristics. Meanwhile, new industry guidance, support more farmers to participate in entrepreneurship, promoting large-scale projects such as bed and breakfasts, farm, seed breeding base construction. Four is the mechanism innovation of the article. Deepen agricultural r

27、eform, focusing on supporting foster professional major, family farms, cooperatives, enterprises and other new subjects of agricultural management, improve agricultural production and operation of large-scale, professional level. Advance the reform of property right system in rural areas, to pay spe

28、cial attention to land rights, improve the function of property rights trading center to guide land management to professional users, family farms, cooperatives, leading enterprises in circulation. Spare no effort to promote the provinces “Trinity“ farmer cooperative economy organization system refo

29、rm of County building, and actively explore the Trinity of production, supply and marketing, creditFarmer cooperative economy organization system, real organic aggregates up to all kinds of business entities, closely linked to the all aspects of production and marketing. (B) to make the countryside

30、more beautiful. Promoting the construction of new towns and new countryside reactions together, strengthening the construction of rural eco-environment, create the beautiful countryside construction upgrades, making rural areas more livable, suitable for industry, and travel. A focus on rural enviro

31、nment improvement. As far as the rural, the most basic is to make the environment clean and orderly. Pollution to extensively mobilize the masses continue to carry water, clear rivers, down violations, treatment of bleaching, such as waste reduction, flowering tree “big six“, vigorously carry out wa

32、ste reduction, resource recovery, improve the cleaning mechanism, enhance the level of meticulous management of the village. Second, we must pay special attention to the beautiful residential building. Adhere to the “planning ahead, because village system, combination classification implementation,

33、demolition, alteration simultaneously“ policy, vigorously implement the “five hundred“ beautiful countryside construction, actively promote “beautiful house“ pilot expansion. Around 104 national road, Ling Road, longjindadao, sea road, Ju XI Liao road to catch the five sides of the main roads in abo

34、ut 200 villages, beautiful countryside features boutique village created, good job on planning, environmental protection, cultural heritage, industrial development, crafting lines to create the beautiful rural scenery, boutique village breed characteristics. No matter whichas long as they caught up

35、peach Lake and village after eight acres to create a standard, even if the County financial to be nervous, the County Government will fulfil their commitments, and 3 million Yuan/village of subsidies. Third, we must pay special attention to development of beauty industry. Construction and traditiona

36、l villages and beautiful countryside protection of history and culture village, rural tourism, bed and breakfast in combining economic, on rural tourism development in precise and accurate positioning, precision marketing, supply, and vigorously promote the beautiful rural landscape of rural tourism

37、 complex, line, fashion boutique farm village construction and strive to build a group of XX feature quality boutique accommodation project. (C) efforts to get farmers to become even richer. “Off not well-off, the key to fellow“, the “three agriculture“, final destination was improving farmers welfa

38、re, improving farmers living standards. Focus on three aspects: one is “increasing income-generating“ efforts. Actively developing the characteristic agriculture, processing, e-commerce, farm and bed and breakfast in economy, ensure a stable operating income growth. Deepen the “three rights“ rights

39、empowering the reform, promoting the property income growth. Strengthening of farmers skills training, increase employment levels, promoting sustained growth in wage income. Guide enterprises to strengthen social responsibility, equality and mutual benefit, and signed a contract of purchase and sale

40、 of agricultural products for farmers, cooperatives and farmers are encouraged “guaranteed earnings + share“ distribution system, sharing the value-added benefits of industrial development. Second in the growing collective efforts. City has developed the implementation of village-level collective ec

41、onomy three years cultivating meter, Requires three years of hard work and largely kongkecun, the majority of villages have operating income. Against this target, we have to be based on local conditions, use your head, and actively explore and find ways, and ensure completion of tasks in the city. T

42、hird, work on strengthened safeguards. Advancing precision of poverty, improve the low-income household tracking, dynamic management mechanism, especially for “unemployed can hold, unable to get out of poverty“ of poverty, further strengthening the fallback of subsistence allowances and social assis

43、tance, and address the basic needs of poor people. Deepening the reform of public services in rural areas, focus on resolving prominent weakness of rural public service and peoples livelihood facilities, such as through the teaching, medical and other ways to improve educational levels, improving he

44、alth conditions in rural areas. By encouraging the Central village to set up day care centres to promote old-age home, rural elderly pension problems. Third, firmly grasp and continued to play well “five water treatment of“ winning the war on February 29 this year, the provinces “five water treatmen

45、t安体舒通(螺内酯)1.1剂型、剂量:片剂,20mg ;胶囊剂,20 mg 。1.2用法:口服每次2040 mg,每日34次,用5天后如疗效满意可继续服用,合并用其它药物时,剂量酌情减半;用于醛固酮增多症诊断时每日200 mg,一般用药7日以上,判断指标是低钾血症及碱血症的纠正。1.3.药理作用:可能在肾远曲小管和集合管细胞的醛固酮受体部位发生竞争性拮抗,从而产生与醛固酮作用相反的排钠留钾作用。可使尿中钠、氯排出增加,钾排出减少。本品的利尿作用强度下体内醛固酮分泌量有关。1.4不良反应:少数病人有胃痉挛、腹泻、头痛、思睡,偶见及皮疹、男性乳腺发育和女性多毛、内分泌紊乱等症状,停药后多可恢复。肾

46、功能不全的病人长期应用可引起高钾血症。1.5注意事项:1.5.1高钾血症明显,或应用葡萄糖及胰岛素纠正。1.5.2本品与其它利尿药或降压药合用可增强降压效果,少者剂量宜减少。1.5.3与乙酰水杨酸合用时,能抑制螺内酯的活性使作用降低。1.5.4孕妇及哺乳妇女慎用,不可同时应用氯化钾。氨苯蠂啶(三氨蠂啶)1.1剂型、剂量:片剂,50mg 。1.2用法:口服每次50100 mg ,每日3次,35天为一疗程。1.3.药理作用:直接抑制肾集合管上皮钠-钾泵ATP酶的活性,使钠再吸收减少,从而减少钠-钾交换,钾的排出也减少,而发挥排钠留钾的利尿作用。1.4不良反应:偶见恶心、皮疹、嗜睡等症状,停药后多可

47、恢复。长期大量应用可引起高钾血症及醛固酮分泌增多,应逐渐停药。1.5注意事项:1.5.1与噻嗪类排钾利尿药合用,能加强利尿作用,减轻排钾作用。本品与降压药合用可增能疗效相加。1.5.2与洋地黄毒甙并用时可使之生物转化增加,疗效降低,合用时禁止补钾。1.5.3与锂盐合用时,能使锂盐血浓度增高引起中毒,应慎用。1.5.4孕妇及哺乳妇女慎用,尿闭、严重肝与肾病人及对本品过敏者禁用。二、糖皮质激素强的松(醋酸泼尼松,去氢可的松 )1.1剂型、剂量:片剂,5mg。1.2用法: 成人1 mg/公斤体重/日;儿童1.52 mg/公斤体重/ 日,口服。1.3.药理作用:本品具有抗炎及免疫抑制作用,能抑制结缔组

48、织的增生,降低 毛细血管壁和细胞膜的通透性,减少炎性渗出,并能抑制组胺及其它毒性物质的形成与释放。本品还能促进蛋白质分解转变为糖,减少葡萄糖的利用,因而使肝糖原都增加,尿中可出现糖尿。还可使胃液分泌增加,增进食欲。当严重中毒感染时,与大量抗菌药物配合使用,可有良好的降温、抗毒、抗休克及促进症状缓解的作用。1.4不良反应:1.4.1医源性肾上腺皮质功能亢进症。1.4.2诱发或加重感染,降低机体的防御能力。1.4.3恶心、腹上区不适,甚则诱发或加重消化道溃疡病,引起出血或穿孔。1.4.4长期大量使用可发生欣快、激动及失眠,个别可诱发精神病倾向,儿童可引起惊厥;holiday, pension an

49、d health, cultural and creative experience, sports health, farming, rural bed and breakfasts in new formats. Three is the brand to create articles. XX agricultural comparative advantage into full play, especially the exclusive advantages of climate, mountains and sea resources, to create a group of the city, the provinces “called“ XX seafood, snack foods and safe agricultural products brand characteristics. Meanwhile, new industry guidance, support more farmers to participate in entrepreneurship, promoting large-scale projects such as b

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