1、河北工程学院毕业设计（论文）1设计总说明1.设计依据水资源论证导则SL322-2013水资源评价导则SL/T238-2013水资源供需预测分析技术规范SL4292.设计概况（1）地点：北京市大兴区（2）背景：大兴区地下水超采严重，地下水位下降迅速。目前大兴区地下水已连续 10年亏损，部分地区已经形成大面积地下水降漏斗，出现水质硬化。更合理地配置水资源，高效利用地下水已经刻不容缓。为了促进产业结构优化调整，营造和谐的人文水文环境，本文对大兴区的地下水资源量进行评价。（3）资料：北京市大兴区基岩分布图大兴行政图大兴区水利工程现状与规划图雨量站分布图耕地面积统计表（2003 年）灌溉水量统计表（19
2、611990 年）降水量统计表（19592000 年）社会人口统计表（19811997 年）河北工程学院毕业设计（论文）2水质检测统计表（19951998 年）（4）评价方法：水量均衡法，水量均衡法是全面研究计算区（均衡区）在一定时间段（均衡期）内地下水补给量、储存量和排泄量之间数量转化关系的方法。通过均衡计算，得到地下水允许开采量。水量均衡法是水量计算中最常用、最基本的方法。该方法还常用于验证其他计算方法计算的准确性。基本原理：一个均衡区内的含水层系统，在任一时间段（t）内的补给量与排泄量之差恒等于含水层系统中水体积的变化量，即（11）式中：Q补含水层系统获得的各种补给量之和（m 3/a或
3、m 3d） ；Q排含水层系统通过各种途径的排泄量之和（m 3/a或 m 3d） ；，*重力给水度和弹性释水系数；ht 时段内均衡区平均水位（头）变化值（m） ；F均衡区含水层的分布面积（m 2） 。本设计中，水量均衡法主要引用大兴区在 1978年至 1998年的历年相关资料：补给量资料，分别计算出降雨补给入渗量、河流入渗补给量、渠系入渗补给量、地下水灌溉补给量、地下水侧渗补给量；消耗量资料，分别计算出地下水总开采量和地下水侧渗流出量。处理数据时应注意大兴区除了天堂河、大小龙河常年缺水断流外，部分河段如凤河、新凤河某些年份也会出现数月的断流，做插补延长时应规避其所引起的误差。根据以上计算所得的数
4、据代入公式:Q 总补 -Q 总排 =FH （36）承 压 水 潜 水排补 ,SthFSQ河北工程学院毕业设计（论文）3可计算得出地下水位变化。最后利用公式:H=b+m 0P 降水 +m1Q 开采量 +m2Q 地表水灌溉量 +m3Q 河流入渗量 （37）利用线性回归的原理进行数学模拟，校核计算精度。（5）评价内容：地下水补给量，包括：降雨入渗补给量 9847.698273万 m、河流入渗补给量 3045.08126万 m、渠系入渗补给量 993.34286万 m、田间灌溉入渗补给量 6002.3238万 m、地下水侧向补给量 433.2619万 m。其中河流入渗系数为 0.4%/km，降雨入渗系
5、数、渠系入渗系数和田间灌溉系数群为0.2。地下水消耗量，包括：地下水总开采量 29149.0万 m、地下水侧向流出量 127.5万 m。地下水可开采量，包括：地下水位变化为-0.618 m，其中均衡区面积 1039.9km2、给水度 0.133。（5）评价结果：经过分析计算，北京市大兴区地下水水位正以每年约 0.6m的速度下降，地下水资源配置、保护情况堪忧。地下水补给来源中，降雨入渗补给量和田间灌溉入渗补给量占绝大部分，分别占比48%和 30%，而河流入渗补给量仅占 15%。由此可印证大兴区部分河流流量不足，基本无径流的严峻现实。大小龙河、天堂河常年断流，区内只有排污河道凤河、新凤河、凉水河常
6、年有水，永定河由于上游有时放水，因此还有一定的流量。地下水消耗量中，田间灌溉入渗补给量占比高达 86%，反映出大兴区经济结构中一产占据绝对优势，虽然近年来大兴区逐步转变经济发展方式，调整产业结构，二、三产比例有所增加，但农业用水仍然占据相当大的比例。河北工程学院毕业设计（论文）4综上所述，北京市大兴区地下水资源供需矛盾严重，应及时调整水资源配置结构，大力发展三产；提高水资源利用效率，切实利用现有科技力量加快建设节水型社会；加强水资源统一管理，严格控制地下水开采审批，并严格执法，加大对污染地下水的企业、个人的处罚力度，以期尽早建成和谐健康的人文水文环境。关键词：大兴区；地下水资源量；水量均衡法河
7、北工程学院毕业设计（论文）5Design General Information1. Design BasisDemonstrating Water Resources Guide SL322-2013Water Resources Assessment Guidelines SL / T238-2013Water supply and demand forecast analysis specification SL4292. Design Overview(1) Location:Daxing District(2) Background:Daxing District Groundwat
8、er Overdraft serious groundwater level decline rapidly. Daxing District currently has 10 consecutive years of losses groundwater in some areas, has formed a large area of groundwater drop funnel, water quality appears to harden. More rational allocation of water resources, efficient use of groundwat
9、er has been pressing. In order to promote the adjustment of industrial structure, to create a harmonious cultural environment, hydrology, groundwater resources in this paper to evaluate the amount of Daxing District.(3) Information:Daxing District bedrock mapDaxing administrative FigureDaxing Distri
10、ct, water conservancy and plans Situation河北工程学院毕业设计（论文）6Rainfall distribution stationArable land statistics (2003)Irrigation water tables (1961- 1990)Precipitation statistics (1959- 2000)Socio-demographic statistics (1981- 1997)Water quality testing statistics (1995-1998)(4) Evaluation method:Water
11、balance method, water balance calculation method is a comprehensive research area (equalization zone) in a certain period of time (equalization period) groundwater recharge, the number of conversion processes relationship between stocks and excretion. By equilibrium calculation, the groundwater allo
12、wable withdrawal. Water balance method to calculate the amount of water is the most commonly used, the most basic method. This method is also commonly used to verify the accuracy of other computational method of calculation.The basic principle: a balanced Aquifer System area at any one time period (
13、 t) the difference between the amount of recharge and excretion within a constant equal to the amount of change in the volume of water in the aquifer system, namely,(1.1)Where:Q up - all kinds of recharge of the aquifer system and obtained (m3 / a or m3 / d);Q row - aquifer system through the excret
14、ion of various routes and (m3 / a or m3 / d);承 压 水 潜 水排补 ,SthFSQ河北工程学院毕业设计（论文）7, * - gravity water supply and elasticity discharge coefficient;The average water level h- t time period equilibrium zone (head) changes in the value (m);F- balanced distribution area of the aquifer (m2).In this design, w
15、ater balance method is mainly cited in Daxing District in 1978-1998 years of relevant information: recharge data were calculated recharge from rainfall infiltration, infiltration recharge river, canal Recharge, recharge groundwater irrigation, lateral infiltration of groundwater recharge; consumptio
16、n data, calculate the total groundwater extraction and the amount of groundwater seepage side. Should pay attention to process data in Daxing District in addition to Paradise River Garonne size cutout perennial water shortage, the part of the river as the river phoenix, Xinfeng River some years ther
17、e will be a few months of drying up, do interpolation and extension should avoid it due to errors.Based on the above calculated data into the formula : Q total complement -Q total row = F H (3 6)calculate the results of groundwater level changes. Finally, using equation : H = b + m0 P precipitation
18、+ m1 Q + m2 Q exploitation of surface water irrigation amount + m3 Q river infiltration (3 7)using the principle of linear regression mathematical simulation, school nuclear accuracy.(5) evaluation of the content: groundwater recharge,Comprising: Precipitation Recharge 9847.698273 Wan m, rivers Rech
19、arge 3045.08126 Wan m, canal Recharge 993.34286 Wan m, field irrigation Recharge 6002.3238 Wan m, lateral groundwater recharge 433.2619 Wan m.Where the river infiltration coefficient is 0.4% / km, rainfall infiltration 河北工程学院毕业设计（论文）8coefficient, infiltration coefficient and field irrigation canal c
20、oefficient group is 0.2. groundwater consumption,Including: total groundwater extraction 291,490,000 m, lateral groundwater outflow of 1.275 million m. the amount of groundwater exploitation,Including: groundwater level changes -0.618 m, wherein the equalizer area 1039.9km2, specific yield 0.133.(5)
21、 Evaluation of the results:After analysis and calculation, the groundwater level Daxing District, Beijing is growing at an annual rate of about 0.6m drop, configuration groundwater resources, protection of worrying.Sources of groundwater recharge, rainfall infiltration recharge and recharge from irr
22、igation accounts for most of the field, respectively, accounting for 48% and 30%, while the rivers Recharge only 15%. Thereby prove insufficient, Daxing District, part of the river flow, almost no runoff grim reality. The size of the Garonne, paradise perennial river drying up, there were only Sewag
23、e River Phoenix River, New River Phoenix, Liangshuihe perennial water, sometimes due to upstream Yongding River drainage, so there is some traffic.Groundwater consumption and in the fields of irrigation infiltration recharge accounted for more than 86%, reflecting the economic structure in Daxing Di
24、strict, a production of absolute dominance, although in recent years, Daxing District, the progressive transformation of economic development, adjusting the industrial structure, secondary and tertiary proportion increase agricultural water but still occupy a large proportion.In summary, the groundw
25、ater resources supply and demand serious Daxing District, water resources allocation should adjust the structure, vigorously develop the tertiary industry; improve water use efficiency, effective use of existing 河北工程学院毕业设计（论文）9scientific and technological strength to accelerate the construction of w
26、ater-saving society; strengthening water unified management, strictly control groundwater exploitation approval, and strictly enforce the law, and increase groundwater pollution enterprises and individuals penalties for early completion of a harmonious and healthy humanistic hydrological environment.Keywords: Daxing District ；groundwater resources；water balance method河北工程学院毕业设计（论文）10目录8设计总说明1Design General Information4第一章 绪论 91.1分析与研究的背景及意义 91.2分析研究现状 91.2.1研究现状 9
