1、临床路径(孤独谱系障碍 Autism Spectrum Disorder)日期天数 初 诊 治 疗 治疗预期结果监测评估出生史评估发育史评估(Parental concerns relevant to autism)家族史评估儿童 ABC 量表(2 岁)CARS 量表儿心量表婴儿-初中生社会生活评定量表化验报告分析 治疗后情绪、行为评估检查VEEGBAEP头颅 MRI/CT血生化、血乳酸程度合并症共患病儿童 ABC 量表(3 个月一次)治疗药物治疗告知:药物(oral ):氟哌啶醇、奋乃静、叶酸、VitB6、镁剂、左洛复(善曲林) 、维思通(利培酮)等教育干预行为矫正治疗决定合适的用量以及是否
2、需要继续服用。饮食指导限制某些食物如糖、人工甜味剂、咖啡因、油炸、辛辣食物等活动指导1. 应用行为分析疗法(ABA)2. 感觉统合训练3. 听觉统合训练(AIT)4. 语言训练5. 结构化教育情绪评估行为观测记录评估备注医师签名注:ABC 量表(Autism Behavior Checklist):为家长评定量表,共 57 个项目 4 级评分,53 分疑诊,67 分确诊。CARS 量表(Childhood Autism Rating Scale):为医生评定量表,共 15 个项目 4 级评分,总分30 分:正常; 3036.5 分:轻-中度;37 分:重度。附 孤独障碍(autistic di
3、sorder)的诊断标准A符合以下六条或六条以上,其中至少符合(1)二条和(2)以及(3)各一条:(1)社会交往功能有质的紊乱,至少有以下 2 条表现:a运用非语言交流行为的显著损害,如目光对视,面部表情,躯体语言,和日常社会交往姿势显著异常。b.不能发展与发育水平相当的伙伴关系。c不能自发与他人分享欢乐,兴趣,或成就 (如不能展示,带来,或指出感兴趣的物体) 。d缺乏社会或情绪上的互惠交流。(2)沟通能力存在质的损害,至少有以下 1 条表现:a语言表达缺乏或发育落后 (不伴随试图通过其它交流模式如姿势或模仿行为)b虽然有语言,但在主动与他人交谈或维持与他人的交谈能力方面有明显的损害。c刻板和
4、重复言语或和语言内容奇怪难以理解d缺乏与发育水平相适应的模拟游戏或社会模仿游戏。(3)有限的重复和刻板的活动、兴趣和行为,至少有以下 1 条表现: a沉湎于一种或多种狭隘和刻板的兴趣中,在兴趣的强度或注意集中程度上是异常的。 b. 固执地执行某些特别的无意义的常规行为或仪式行为。c. 刻板重复的怪僻行为,例如扑弹或扭动手或手指或复杂的全身动作。d. 持久地沉湎于物体的部件。 B在以下 3 个方面中,至少有以下 1 个方面的发育迟滞或功能异常,而且起病于 3 岁以前:a社会交往b使用社会交往语言c想像性或象征性游戏C无法用 Rett 障碍或儿童瓦解性精神病解释。 Parental concern
5、s relevant to autism(i) Communication concerns Does not respond to name Cannot tell me what he wants Language is delayed Doesnt follow directions Appears deaf at times Seems to hear sometimes but not others Doesnt point or wave bye-bye Used to say a few words but now he doesnt(ii) Socialisation conc
6、erns Doesnt smile socially Seems to prefer to play alone Gets things for himself Is very independent Does things early Has poor eye contact Is in a world of his own Ignores us Is not interested in other children(iii) Behavioural concerns Tantrums Is hyperactive/uncooperative or oppositional Doesnt k
7、now how to play with toys Gets stuck on things over and over Toe walks Has unusual attachments to toys (e.g., always is holding a certain object) Lines things up Is oversensitive to certain sounds or textures Has odd movement patterns(iv) Absolute indications for immediate further evaluation No babbling by 12 months No gesturing (pointing, waving bye-bye etc.) by 12 months No single words by 16 months No 2-word spontaneous (and not just echolalic) phrases by 24 months ANY loss of ANY language or social skills at ANY age