1、初中英语名词复数可数名词有单数（Singular Form）和复数(Plural Form)两种形式。表示一个人或物用单数形式，表示一个以上的人或物用复数形式。1一般在词尾加-s。s 在浊辅音后面读z，在清辅音后面读 s，在t 后与t一起读ts ，在d后与d一起读dz。例如：book books 书 day days 天、日dog dogs 狗 tree trees 树2以 s，sh，ch ，x 结尾的词在词尾加 -es，读iz 例如：glass glasses 玻璃杯 watch watches 手表box boxes 盒子 brush brushes 刷3以 o 结尾的词有些加-es，读
2、z；有些加-s，读s。例如：tomato tomatoes 西红柿 potato potatoes 土豆photo photos 相片 radio radios 收音机 zoo zoos 动物园4以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，先把 f 改为 v，再加es，读vz。例如：knife knives 小刀 leaf leaves 树叶life lives 生命 thief thieves 小偷5以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，先把 y 改为 i，再加-es，读z 。例如：story stories 故事 city cities 城市family families 家庭 baby babies 婴儿注意：bo
3、y boys 男孩 toy toys 玩具 key keys 钥匙6有些名词有不规则的复数形式。例如：man men 男人 woman women 妇女tooth teeth 牙齿 foot feet 脚7有些名词的单复数形式相同。例如；deer deer 鹿 sheep sheep 绵羊Chinese Chinese 中国人 Japanese Japanese 日本人8有些学科名词虽以 s 结尾，但通常都做单数名词看待。例如：physics 物理 maths 数学 politics 政治 news 新闻9有些单数形式的名词具有复数的含义，要当作复数看待。例如：people 人们，人民 pol
4、ice 警察 public 公众练习一、写出下列名词的复数形式。movie、life、knife、leaf、photo、piao、tomato、potato、bus、watch、box、woman、tooth、Chinese、classroom、child 二、单项选择。1.They are_ A:man doctor B:men doctors C:men doctor D:man doctors 2There are five_ in the hill. A:sheep B:sheeps C: goose D:deers 3 Those white socks_small. A:are B
5、:is C: am D:do 4We have many_in our school. A:woman teacher B:women teachers C: woman teachers D:women teacher 5Do you like _? A:vegetable B: vegetables C:an vegetable 6How many_do they have? A:picture B: pictures C:a picture 7There are six _in the room. A:volleyball B:volleyballs C:a volleyball D:v
6、olleyballs 8Are these _teachers? A:woman B:women C:womans 9It is _. A:milk B:a milk C:an molk D:milks 10Its a _.It isnt an _. A:apple, egg B;cake,egg C:egg,orange, D:egg,cake 11Tom and Jim are _. A:friends B:friend C:brother D:sister 12Where are his _?_the dresser. A:keys ,They are on B:key, They ar
7、e on C:keys, It is at D:key,It is in 13Are thoseyour _? A:bookes B:boxs C:apples D:apple 14There is _in our room. A:a picture and five maps B:five maps and a picture C:two pictures and five maps D: two picture and five map二、名词的格 1当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下： 一）单数在后面加s。如：brothers, Mikes, teache
8、rs 二）复数以 s 结尾的直接在 s 后加，如果不是以 s 结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers Day 教师节, classmates; Childrens Day 六一节, Womens Day 三八节 三）由 and 并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个s ，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Bens room 迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mikes and Bens rooms 迈克和本的房间（各自的房间） My classmateLi hua is my classmate. He is a good student and alw
9、ays ready to help others. One day on his way to school, he saw a little girl crossing the road. A car was coming towards her quickly and the girl was too frightened to move. The car nearly hit her .At that time Li Hua rushed up to her and caught her by the arm. The litter girl was saved. She told hi
10、m where she lived, and he took her home. When Li Hua hurried into the classroom, the teacher had already begun his lesson. But after he told the teacher the real reason, the teacher not only forgave but also praised him.形容词 1.形 容 词：形容词用来修饰名词或代词, 表示人或事物的性质 , 状态,和特征。 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语，补语。 例：She is a g
11、ood student, and she works hard. 她是一个好学生,她学习努力。 This bike is expensive. 这辆自行车很贵。 I am sorry, Im busy now. 对不起,我现在很忙。 Have you got everything ready for the meeting? 你为这次会议做好准备吗? 。2.形容词在句中的位置: 。形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面, 音
12、节多的形容词放在后面。 英语单词中,something, anything, nothing 等不定代词被形容词修饰时, 形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。 Is there anything interesting in the film. 电影里有什么有趣的内容吗？ There is nothing dangerous here. 这儿一点都不危险。 3.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。 This is the book easy to read. 这是一本容易读的书。
13、用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. 每一个人,男女老少,都应该参加会议。 You can take any box away, big or small. 这些箱子，不管大小，你都可以拿走。 4 形容词的比较级和最高级: 绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。形容词的原级: 形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。 例如: poor ta
14、ll great glad bad 形容词的比较级和最高级: 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。 分为规则变化和不规则变化。 规则变化 1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。 great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级) 2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。 wide (原级) wider (比较级 ) widest (最高级) 3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble 结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成
15、。 clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级) 4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉, 加上 -ier 和-est 构成. happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级) 5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er 和-est。 big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级) 6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用 more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。 beautiful (原
16、级 )? difficult (原级) more beautiful (比较级) more difficult (比较级) most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级) 不规则变化: 原级 比较级 最高级 good better best many more most much more most bad worse worst little less least far farther(further) farthest(furthest) 形容词前如加 less 表示“ 较不“ important 重要 less important 较不重要 形容词比
17、较级的用法: 形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下 : 主语+谓语( 系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。 Our teacher is taller than we are. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。 It is warmer today than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. 这张照片比那张照片漂亮。 This meeting
18、is less important than that one. 这次会议不如那次会议重要。 The sun is much bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大得多。 形容词最高级的用法: 形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为 : 主语+谓语( 系动词)+the+ 形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。 She is the best student in her class. 她是班上最好的学生。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 上海是中国最大城市之一。 This is the bi
19、ggest apple I have ever met. 这是我见到的最大的苹果。 Tom is the tallest boy in his basketball team. 汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。一、把下列形容词改为比较级和最高级long_ wide fat heavy slow few happy clever good many much little bad beautiful difficult二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Your classroom is _ (wide) than ours.2.There are _ (few) hours of sunlight
20、 a day in winter than in summer.3.Which do you like _ (well) , maths or chemistry?4.This is the _ (good) film I have ever seen. 5.Africa is the second _ (large) continent. (大陆) 6.They have done _ (much) work with _ (little) money.7.Youre the _ (kind) person Ive ever met. 8.He is _ (young) than his t
21、wo sisters.9.The weather is getting _ (warm) and _ (warm) . 10.Summer is the _ (hot) season of the year.Joan got home late from work today, and she was very happy. When she opened the refrigerator（冰箱）, she was upset（悲伤）. There was nothing to eat for dinner. Joan sat down and made a shopping list. Sh
22、e needed a head of lettuce（生菜） , a bunch of carrot（胡萝卜）, a quart of milk, a dozen eggs, two pounds of tomatoes, half a pound of chicken, and a loaf of bread.Jone rushed out of the house and drove to the superrmarket. When she got there, she was very disappointed(失望).There wasnt any lettuce. There we
23、rent any carrots. There wasnt any milk. There werent any eggs. There werent any tomatoes. There wasnt any chicken, and there wasnt any bread.Joan was tired and upset. In fact, she was so tired and upset. In fact, she was so tired and upset that she lost her appetite(食欲，胃口 )，drove home, didnt have di
24、nner, and went to bed.1.Was there anything to eat in the refrigerator?A. Yes, there was. B. No, there wasnt. C. Yes, there wasnt. D. No, there was.2.Did Joan need any fish? A.Yes, she did. B. No, she didnt. C. Yes. she didnt. D. No, she did.3. How did Joan go to the supermarket? A. By bus. B. By bike. C. By car. D On foot.4.Joan bought _ in the supermarket. A. carrots B. milk C. tomatoes D. nothing5.What did Joan do after she drove home from supermarket?A. She watched TV. B. She ate dinner. C. She went to bed. D.She went to work.
