1、第 1 页 共 6 页专题训练：阅读理解（2）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项.A Here are some of the worlds most impressive subways. The Tokyo Metro and Toei LinesFeatures: The Tokyo Metro and Toei lines that compose Tokyos massive subway system carry almost 8 million people each day, making it the busiest system in
2、the world. The system is famous for its oshiya- literally, “pusher”- who shove passengers into crowded subway cars so the doors can close. And you think your commute is hell. The Moscow Metro Features: The Moscow Metro has some of the most beautiful stations in the world. The best of them were built
3、 during the Stalinist era and feature chandeliers(枝形吊灯), marble moldings and elaborate murals(精美的壁画). With more than 7 million riders a day, keeping all that marble clean has got to be a burden.The Hong Kong Metro Features: The Hong Kong MTR has the distinction of being one of the few subway systems
4、 in the world that actually turns a profit. Its privately owned and uses real estate development along its tracks to increase income and ridership. It also introduced “Octopus cards” that allow people to not only pay their fares electronically, but buy stuff at convenience stores, supermarkets, rest
5、aurants and even parking meters. Its estimated that 95 % of all adults in Hong Kong own an Octopus card .Shanghai Metro Features: Shanghai is the third city in China to build a metro system, and it has become the countrys largest in the 12 years since it opened. Shanghai Metro has 142 miles of track
6、 and plans to add another 180 miles within five years. By that point, it would be three times larger than Chicago “L”. The system carries about 2.18 million people a day. The London MetroFeatures: Londoners call their subway the Underground, even though 55 percent of it lies above ground. No matter
7、when youve got the oldest mass-transit system in the world, you can call it anything you like. Trains started in1863 and theyve been running ever since. Some 3 million people ride each day, every one of them remembering to “Mind the gap”. 1. Which one can provide the riders some wonderful decoration
8、s at the stations? A. The Tokyo Metro and Toei Lines B. The Moscow MetroC. The London Metro D. The Hong Kong MTR2. _ is done with the purpose of making money. A. The Tokyo Metro and Toei Lines B. The Moscow MetroC. The London Metro D. The Hong Kong MTR3. We can learn from the passage that Shanghai M
9、etro _.A. carries the most people each day B. is the worlds largest C. may be larger than the Chicago “L” in the futureD. is the busiest in the world4. How many subways carry more than 5 million people per day? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5B Archaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, m
10、ore or less, “the study of old things”. So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs, but archaeologists(考古学家)learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materia
11、ls that dont break down or disappear very quicklythings like human bones and objects made from stone and metal.It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of historynormally, the bacteria in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood. Occasio
12、nally, things are different.In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soupwalk in the wrong place and you can
13、 sink and disappear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking outa human foot! Naturally, the men called the police, who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possiblybuy it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from t
14、he time of the Roman invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organsthe scientists who examined him were able to look inside the mans stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal!Why was this man so well preserved? It was because he w
15、as in a very watery environment, safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live. Also, the water in the bog was very acidic. The acid preserved the mans skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes.第 2 页 共 6 页How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and other scie
16、ntists wanted to know more about the person that they called “Lindow Man”. His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadnt done heavy manual work in this lifehe could have been a rich man. They found that he hadnt died by accident. The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three differe
17、nt gods.5. Which language does the word “archaeology” come from?A. French. B. Greek C. Roman. D. German。6. The word “these” in the first paragraph refers to _.A. letters B. photographs C. paintings D. objects7. Which of the following helped to preserve “Lindow Man”?A. Ice and low temperature B. Bact
18、eria and oxygen C. Soil and energy D. Acid and water 8. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. “Lindow Man” was named after the person who first found him.B. Historians usually use paper evidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence.C. “Lindow Man” was found by two
19、 archaeologists in the south of England.D. “Lindow Man” was good at manual work.9. Which is the best title for the passage?A. What Is Archaeology?B. Archaeology and HistoryC. An Amazing Archaeological DiscoveryD. The Death of “Lindow Man”CWhat is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude o
20、f the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect
21、is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work. 第 3 页 共 6 页What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of al
22、l, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can i
23、mprove the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective(客观的) and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the
24、accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum(光谱).He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.Furthermo
25、re, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex
26、but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts. 10. Many people believe that science helps society to progress throug
27、h_A. knowledge only.B. more than one aspect.C. technology only.D. the use of machines.11. Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?A. He doesnt find confidence and pleasure in work.B. He is interested in problems that are explained.C. He makes efforts to investigate potent
28、ial connections.D. He looks for new ways of acting.12. According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT_.A. easily believe in unchecked statements.B. easily criticize others research work.C. always use his imagination in work.D. always use evidence from observation.13. Which word can be us
29、ed to describe the data that a good scientist uses?A. complete B. objective C. complicated D. accurate14. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Application of technology.B. Progress in modem society.C. Scientists ways of thinking and acting.D. How to become a successful scientist.DMost of us spend
30、 our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular free time activity in Britain is going f
31、or a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they dont run the streets. Every one of them automatically heads to the park or the river. It is my firm belief that not only do we all need 第 4 页 共 6 页nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.But despite this, our children are gro
32、wing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and strange new ideas about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than t
33、hings that can be found.The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD (多动症). Those whose housing had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but
34、no nice view improved just 4%.A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environ
35、ment, the entire school would do better in studies.Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the child
36、ren got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.Most bullying (恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasan
37、tly of Sunnyhill School, with its hard tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners dreaming about wildlife.But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, t
38、he damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. Howeve
39、r, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.The life of old people is much better when they have access to nature. The most important for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most importan
40、t thing in finding that quality.In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.Dr William Bird, researcher from
41、the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its process helps reduce anger and behavior that people might regret later.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.We tend to
42、 think human beings are doing nature some kind of favour when we are protecting nature. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is damaging.Human beings are a species of animals. For sev
43、en million years we lived on the planet as part of nature. So we miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a glass of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day,
44、understands that.We need the wild world. It is necessary to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without other living things around us we are less than human.15. What is the authors firm belief?A. People seek nature in different ways. B. People should spend most of their lives in the wild.C. P
45、eople have quite different ideas of nature. D. People must make more efforts to study nature.16. What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays?A. Personal freedom. B. Things that are natural.C. Urban surroundings. D. Things that are purchased.第 5 页 共 6 页17. What does a study in
46、Sweden show?A. The natural environment can help children learn better.B. More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.C. A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.D. Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.18. Children who have chances to explore n
47、atural areas _.A. tend to develop a strong love for science B. are more likely to dream about wildlifeC. tend to be physically tougher in adulthood D. are less likely to be involved in bullying19. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD?A. Find more effective drugs for them. B.
48、 Provide more green spaces for them.C. Place them under more personal care. D.Engage them in more meaningful activities.20. In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature?A. They look on life optimistically.B. They enjoy a life of better quality. C. They are able to live longer
49、. D. They become good-humoured.1. B。文中只介绍了莫斯科地铁有吊灯、壁画等一些精美的装饰，其余未提及。2. D。在对香港地铁的介绍中提到了 turns a profit，意思是赚钱。3. C。在对上海地铁的介绍中提到了4. A。东京和莫斯科地铁每天运载人数分别为将近 8 万和超过 7 万。5. B。从文章第一句可以知道，archaeology 这个词来自希腊语。6. D。从第一段的最后一句可知，these 指的是比较坚硬、不太会损坏或消失的物体，比如人骨或用石头、金属等制作的物品。7. D。第四段的 2、 3 两句指出了水和酸在保存 Lindow man 过程中起了很大作用。8. B。Lindow man 的发现印证了第一段中作者提出的这一观点。9. C。本文主要篇幅讲述了一个具
