1、翻译专项训练1. He told me that hardly_(他一到家她就抱怨起来)。2. It is recommended_(在做好所有准备之前这个项目是不会开始的 )。3. A firm success_(取决于他的工作者的效率 )。4. The grandeur of the grand Canyon_(吸引了来自世界各地的游客)。5. Elizabeth had some jewelry_(从她外婆那里继承来的)。答案:1.had he returned home when she started complaining2.that the project (should) no
2、t be started until all the preparations have been made3.depends on its workers s efficiency4.draes tourists from all over the world1.It was essential_(在截止日期前寄回申请表) 。2.I went to see William,_(结果发现他前两天已经走了)。3.He flatly contradicted the audience was instantaneous; no sooner_(讲演刚结束，听众就爆发了热烈的掌声) 。4.Shoul
3、d it rains,_(农作物就得救了) 。答案:1.that the application forms be sent back before the deadline2.only to learn that he had left two days before3.had the speaker finished than the audience burst into applause4.the crops would be saved1.Joe was expelled from school_(因为作弊) 。2.Its high time_(把我们的注意力放在这个问题上)。3.T
4、he prisoner has been_(被剥夺了许多普通公民应有的权利)。4.Without your help,_(我们不会有那么快的进步)。5.In retrospect, the meeting_(比我们想象的还要成功)。答案:1.for cheating in his exams2. we turned our attention to this problem3. deprived of many privileges that average citizens enjoy4.we would not have made such rapid progress5.was more
5、 successful than we had imagined1.It is imperative_(你亲自去那里) 。2.Only in this way _(我们能够准时到达目的地)。3.To our surprise, he _(把所有钱花在建设这所医院上)。4.Had electronic computers not been invented,_(很多关于太空飞行的问题不能解决了)。5.Instead of by force, he_(靠说服力赢得他们的支持 )。答案:1.that you (should) be there in person2.can we arrive at
6、the destination on time3.spent all his money on building this hospital4.many problems of space flight could not have been solved1.The government is being criticized_(对公众隐瞒真相)。2.We are convinced_(只要我们努力就能达到目标 )。3.But for the fog,_(我们已经到达我们的目的地了)。4.My boss often_(提醒我要利用一切机会提高自己的交际能力)。5.The teacher fel
7、t unhappy because _(新的教学楼何时建好还是个问题 )。答案:1.for hiding the truth from the public2.that we can achieve our goal as long ad we try hard3.we should have reached our destination4.reminds me to avail myself of every chance to improve my communicative ability1.It has became a new policy that_(这个部门领导的职位每年轮换一
8、次)。2._(第一次来这里的普通游客也许看不出差别),but the staff membersknow it.3.We get news that_(凡是想参加这次旅游的人都必须先订机票)。4.They didnt talk much_(害怕别人听到了 )。5.The stylist confessed that _(这项工程预计约耗时三至四年) 。答案:1.the leadership of this department rotates annually2.Ordinary visitors who come here for the first time probably wont n
9、otice thedifference3.people who wish to go on the tour must book plane tickets first1.After thinking for a whileday,_(他宁愿保持中立而不愿意站在任何一方) 。2._(既然我们无法测出噪音的增减量 ),we never know to whatdanger we are encountered.3.The light of the car was light,_(但无论是父亲还是孩子都不在车里)。4.She always went shopping in a remotesupe
10、rmarket_(这样一来她就不会经常碰到自己的同事了) 。5.It is hoped that_(到新的工作岗位他的才干能得到比以往更好的发挥) 。答案:1.he preferred being neutral to taking sides2.Since we can not measure the increase or decrease of noise3.but neither the father nor his children were in the car4.so that she would t often meet her own colleagues5.in the n
11、ew job his talents will be better utilized than before1.She felt depressed because_(她充分意识到孩子们再也回不来了)。2.It is quite strange that _(无论他说什么、做什么都被认为是对的)。3._(化学老师从学生中随便叫了几个人 )and asked them to helphim do the experiment.4.Having lived in the south for manyyears,_(一些人却仍然不适应那里既炎热又潮湿的天气 )。5.Not before in our
12、 history_(这么多强烈的影响共同导致产生这样的的灾难)。答案1.she was well aware that her children would never returned2.whatever he says and whatever he does are always considered to be right3.the chemical teacher picked several students at random4.some people still cant adapt to the hot and humid weather5.have so many stro
13、ng influences united to product such a large disaster1.People in some big cities are highlymobile,_(因此很多人发现很难彼此深交)。2.My friend warned me_(不要把钥匙留在车上，已经发生了多起偷车里东西的事件)。3.It is a paradox that _(如此富裕的国度居然生活着这么多贫穷的人民 )。4.After a long discussion, the workers have finally_(达成一致，决定罢工应再持续两天)。5.The house was o
14、n fire now,_(但那个小伙子在救那个小男孩时表现出了极大的勇气)。答案1.and therefore many find it difficult to became deeply involved with each other2.not to leave my car unlocked as there had been lots of stealing from cars3.such a rich country should have so many poor people living in it4.reached the decision that they should
15、 hold on their strike for two more days5.but the young man demonstrated great courage saving the little boy1.Her friends all felt _(她自从迁居南方做生意后就变得精于世道了 )。2._(最后一个学生做完练习时已经很晚了 )，and we were dismissedimmediately.3._(尽管他们赞同推迟会议的意见) ，they didnt dare to speak outpublicly.4._( 她一遍一遍地大声读这篇文章)until finally
16、she learn it byheart.5.People here still keep their lifestyletoday_(殊不知他们的习惯对自己和后代都有害 )。答案1.he has become sophisticated since she went to live in the south and did businessthere2.It was very late when the last student finished the exercises3.Ever if they were in favor of the idea of postponing the m
17、eeting4.she read the article aloud again and again5.without knowing that their habits are doing harm to themselves and their offspring1. You shouldnt have run across the road without looking, you would have beenknocked down by a car. (也许会被车撞到)解析：本题考察虚拟语气。句子是与过去事实相反，因此用 would have+过去分词，表虚拟语气。2 By no
18、means does he regard himself as an expert, (他把自己当成专家) althoughhe knows a lot about the field.解析：本题考察倒装和词组 regard sb. as sth.(把当作 )。介词短语 by no means置于句首，构成部分倒装，因此把助动词 does 提前。3 He doesnt appreciate the sacrifice his friends have made for him, however, hetakes it for granted.(把他们所做的视作理所应当)解析：本题考察词组 ta
19、ke sth. for granted (把当作理所当然)。同时，考生要注意句子后半句前是一个逗号，要加上一个连词 and 或者加上 however。4 Janet told me that she would rather her mother not have interfered with hermarriage.(不干涉她的婚姻)解析：本题考察 would rather have done sth,表示过去事件，句子中 told 提示是过去发生的事，因此用 would have interfered with。5 To keep up with the expanding fronti
20、ers of scholarship. Edward Wilson foundhimself always searching for information on the internet. （经常上网查信息）解析：本题考察了感官动词 find+宾语+现在分词（作宾补） ，现在分词表主动。因此这里用 searching。1.When an opportunity comes, _ (伴之而来的是成功的希望)but neverrealizes it on its own.2.If you want to _(取得成就或实现雄心壮志) ，you must work hard，makeeffort
21、s and get prepared.3.The successful person _(总是作好充分准备)to meet opportunities as theyduly arrive.4.Anthropologists(人类学家)have discovered that fear，happiness，sadness，andsurprise _(都会行之于色 )，which is a universal phenomenon.(这.有点难.)5.Long before children are able to speak or understand a language，they canc
22、ommunicate with adults _(通过面部表情和靠发出噪声 ).1.it brings a promise解析：这是一句非常富有哲理的话，意思是“当机遇来临的时候，伴之而来的是成功的希望，然而希望不会自己实现“。句子需填入部分“伴之而来的是成功的希望“ 看似表达非常复杂，其实意思很简单，即：机遇会带来希望，那么对这个句子的翻译就简单了，为避免重复，“机遇“可以用 it 代替。“成功的希望“用名词 promise，如：a young man full of promise(大有前途的年轻人) 。这个词的常用意思是“诺言，承诺 “。大家要注意，少数情况下我们会碰到一些看似结构复杂的
23、句子，但只要读懂字里行间就可以化复杂为简单。这也是英汉互译时的一个必备技巧。2.achieve something or fulfill your ambitions解析：本题考查短语搭配。“取得成就“可以有这样的表达：make achievements 或 achievesomething，前者 “成就“作名词，后者作动词。 “实现雄心壮志“ 中“实现“ 可选用 realize，fulfill，此外 e true， carry.out 也有实现梦想/理想之意。3.always makes adequate preparations解析：“作准备“的表达有：prepare.for; make
24、preparations for.。“充分的“ 可选形容词有：enough，sufficient，adequate，而 well-prepared 多在句中充当表语成分，如：Hiscounsel was well-prepared.(他的律师作了充分准备。 )全句的后半部分 meet opportunities 也可以作为考点，它表示“ 抓住机遇“，并不是“看见机遇“ 。meet 还有“达到要求、满足愿望或意见一致“等意。如：The firm has done its best to meet us on thatpoint.(公司在那方面已尽了最大的努力来满足我们的要求。)4.are ref
25、lected in facial expressions解析：“行之于色“是一个古汉语表达，正如在第一题给大家说到，有时候在汉译英时会遇到一些看似复杂的语言，但只要读懂字里行间意译即可。“行之于色“ 是说人内心的喜怒哀Contact me for more useful material(please search 19 栋 636 in baidu)乐通过面部表情都可以反映出来，因此联系前文就不难译出：are reflected in facialexpressions。5.through facial expressions and by making noises解析：本题意为：在孩子们
26、能够表达或理解一门语言之前的很长一段时间，他们靠面部表情和发出噪声和大人们交流。“通过面部表情和靠发出噪声 “在句中充当方式状语，表示某种途径或方法。“面部表情“是一个名词短语，前加介词 through，而“发出噪声“make noise 是一个带有动作性的动词短语，因此通过发出噪声应选用 by+doing 的结构。同样是表示方法途径，前面的介词选择却有不同，考生要注意比较。1. If he had known this would happen,_（他当初也许会以不同方式行事）.2. Every mother is proud of her child and_（父亲也一样）.3. _（他刚
27、到家）when it started raining.4. A minute ago the old lady _（撕开信封）with great excitement.5. My washing machine broke down this morning._（我打算明天把它送去修理）.6. The report said that the sample water had too much lead in it,_（可能对我们的健康有害）.答案解析：1.答案：he would have acted differently 或 he would have acted in a differ
28、ent way本题主要考查语法虚拟语气。由句意提示可知，本句是 if 引导的虚拟句，表示对过去情况的假设。由于前半句出现了 had 加动词的过去分词，后半句应使用 would 加 havedone 的结构。2.答案：so is every father本句主要考点为语法，考查倒装结构。当 so 表示“同样”或“也”之意时，其后的句子需要倒装。翻译本句时还要注意 every father 作主语时谓语应为单数形式。3.答案：Hardly had he arrived home 或 He had hardly arrived home本题的考点在于固定搭配。句意为“他刚到家就开始下雨了。 ”由于后
29、半句由 when 代起，前半句应出现 hardly,构成固定搭配 hardly.when.，且根据此固定搭配的使用要求，前半句的时态应为过去完成时。本题由两种可能的答案，若以 hardly 开头，句子需要倒装，以he 开头则保持正常语序。4.答案：tore the envelope open本题的考点在于核心动词。表达“撕开”之意应选择动词 tear，tear 是规则动词,过去式为tore。本题另一个易错之处在于选择表示“开”的词。由句意可知， “开”指的是信封的状态而不是对动词“撕”的修饰，故应用形容词。5.答案：Ill have it fixed tomorrow 或 Im going t
30、o have it fixed tomorrow本题的考点在于固定搭配。have.done 与 dosth.的区别在于前者意为“让别人做某事” 。本题需要表达让别人修理洗衣机，故应为 haveit repaired。6.答案：which might damage our health本题的考点在于语法，主要考查对从句的使用。由于空格前出现了逗号，空格部分应补出从句而而非一个完整的句子。由句意可知，逗号之前出现的 it 指的是 water，而对健康有害的东西正是 water,故因翻译出一个以 it 为先行词的非限定性定语从句。1. This is yet _ (两国人民的又一个共同点).2. H
31、is scientific works _(在英语国家得到广泛阅读).3. Revolution means the emancipation of the productiveforces，_(改革也是解放生产力).4.He is optimistic _(对现时信息产业的发展状况).5.Work in all fields should be subordinated to and_(服务于经济发展的进程).答案解析：1. another common point between the people of our two countries解析：本题考查通过增补介词使译文的意思更完整。虽
32、然原文没有和 between 相对应的词，但是“共同点“是两国人民之间在某方面进行比较的结果，所以增补 between 之后，符合英语表达习惯。增词法也是汉译英中常用技巧之一，再如：她以教书为业。(She is ateacher by occupation.)我已重新考虑了那件事。(Ive had second thought on thatmatter.)2. were widely read in English-speaking countries解析：若是按照字面翻译，这句话很可能被译为 were widely read in English countries。但是原文中“英语国家“
33、的含义是“讲英语的国家“。这体现了英汉表达差异。请考生看下面这句话的英译：我卖掉了彩电。/I sold out my color TV. 这句译文错误在于，没弄清“ 彩电“的含义。“彩电“有两层意思：一是指具体的实物，即彩色电视机 color TVset;二是指屏幕上出现的影像，即彩色电视 colorTV。而句子中卖掉的只能是机器，具体的实物。3. and so does reform解析：本题意为：革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。考点有二：第一，考查词性转移。原文中“解放“用作动词，“生产力“作宾语。译文中处理成名词短语“对生产力的解放“。第二，考查省译法。我们不能把原文译成 and
34、reform also means theemancipation of the productiveforces，这种结构显得臃肿累赘。为避免重复，可以选用 and sodoes.来代替这个动宾结构。4. about the present development of information industry解析：“对.表示乐观“可以用句型 be optimistic about sth.。这句话不能译成 about thestatus of the present development of informationindustry。“状况“是一个范畴词，没有实际含义，可省略不译。5.
35、serve the economic development解析：“服务于.“即“为.服务“，所以要用 serve sb./ sth.的结构，不能译成 be servedto。“进程“也是一个范畴词，可以省略不译。另外，be subordinatedto 是一个固定结构，含义是“从属于.，隶属于.“ 。1._ (直到失去健康 ) that people know the value of health.2.The bag was stuffed_( 脏衣服)3._ (很多朋友不在 )， we decided to put the meeting off.4._ (给我印象最深的) were h
36、er liveliness and sense of humor.5.There engines are_ (不如我们制造的那些发动机功率大) .1. It is not until they lose it大家对 not until/until 的用法掌握比较好，不过比较少人用 it 来替代下文的 health，答案的替代比较简洁，翻译中应该避免重复使用同一个词。2.with dirty clothes这里主要是考察 be stuffed with (被填满)的用法，这是一个四级单词，是搭配问题。3.With many friends absent这里主要是考察对 absent adj./v
37、i./absence n.缺席的各种表达，如果按照原文 “不在”翻译，显然比较生硬且与下文不符，因此要善于根据上下文推断原文意思。4.What impressed me the most名词性从句 what impressed me the most，有部分沪友遗漏了其中的“the“，表示最高级一般都要使用定贯词 the，如 the largest、the hardest 等。5. less powerful than the ones we have made很多人都用比较级，可是却忽略了比较级是用在形容词/副词上的，如 faster、bigger 、more beautiful 等。因此这
38、里应该用 power 的形容词 powerful，另要强调机器是我们制造的-wehave made.1. A dog has won a German government award _ (因协助警方劝阻一名妇女自杀).2. The manager points out _ (我们的工作进展令人满意 ).3. _ (这栋房子需要现代化)：it has no bathroom or electricity.4. _(飞机什么时候起飞)has not been announced.5.His idea is _(应该立即执行计划).1. for helping police persuade a
39、 woman not to commit suicide解析：本句考查的是句子逻辑关系。根据意思可知，句子前半句是果，后半句是因。 “一只狗因为协助警方阻止了一名妇女的自杀而获德国政府奖项” 。英语通常把表示目的、假设、原因、让步等内容放在句子的后部，因此这句话可以由 because，for 来引导。 “自杀”有一个固定短语 commit suicide， “劝阻”要用强调结果成功的 persuade。2. that our work is progressing satisfactorily解析：本题考查词性的转译，即：将原汉语句子中的动词“令人满意”转移成英语的副词 satisfactor
40、ily。这种词性转换是翻译常用技巧，适当的转换可使译文通顺，符合英文表达习惯。另外，句子需填入部分在全句中充当宾语从句，因而不能漏译 that。3. This house needs modernizing解析：本题同样考查汉英词性转换技巧。全句意为：这栋房子既没有浴室也没有电，(因而)需要现代化。 “现代化”在汉语里是一个名词，在这个句子中实际上指的是“房子”需要配置现代化设备， 它的含义不等同于 modernization ， “ 配备现代化设施” 可以用modernizing 来表示。英语里很多以-ing 结尾的动词表示该动作的过程，通常与 need 连用，如：These clothes
41、 need washing. 本题是从名词到动词的转换。4. When the plane is to take off解析：本题考查的是以连接副词 when 引导的主语从句的翻译。中文意思是：飞机什么时候起飞还没有公布。这样的主语从句一般可以采用顺序法翻译。顺序法同样也适用于以that，what，whatever ，who ，whoever，where，how，why 等引导的主语从句。如：认识他的人都信任他。(Who knows him will believe him.)本题的另一个考点是：“什么时候起飞”是一个将来时态，可以用 be to 来表达。5. that the plan sh
42、ould be carried out immediately解析：本题综合考查了表语从句、无主语翻译以及惯用搭配。首先，His idea is 前半部分是一个完整的主谓结构，句子需填入部分在全句中充当表语;其次， “应该立即执行计划”中“计划”是被用来执行的，但是题干中并没有提到谁会来执行这个计划。因此，在主语没有出现的情况下，可以采用被动译法。 “执行计划”在英语里可以用 carry out the plan，perform the plan，implement the plan 来表示。1. _ ( 随着工商业的发展 ),the number of trees in many big c
43、ities hasdramatically reduced.2. Travel can widen our knowledge, _ ( 扩大我们的眼界),and make oneopen-minded as well.3. Cars are responsible for most of the smog in cities, _ (这已经对环境造成了严重的污染).4.Modernization will be entirely possible in the first half of the 21st century, as long aswe _(坚持认为 )that economic
44、 development is the center of all our work.5. He was convinced on the basis of _(当时已出现的情况)that there wouldbe a long and difficult struggle.1. With industries and business developing quickly解析：本句意为：随着工商业的发展，许多大城市的树木数量正急剧减少。“随着.“要用介词 with 或 along with。“工商业“既包括工业也包括商业，翻译时要注意译文的完整性。本句也可译成：With the quick
45、 development of industries and business.2. broaden our horizon解析：句中的短语 widen our knowledge 意思是“扩大我们的眼界 “， make oneopen-minded 是同义复指，它们表示相同的意思却在英语里使用不同的表达，以避免用词重复。这是英语行文的一个技巧，考生在翻译时应尽量避免 wordiness(用词累赘)，这个技巧在写六级作文时也值得借鉴。本句还可以译成：expand our vision 或 extend our sight.3. which has seriously polluted the environment解析
