1、 1.常用解剖术语 pharynx 咽larynx 喉esophagus 食管bronchus 支气管soft palate 软腭pendulous palate 腭垂xiphoid 剑突rib 肋骨hilum of lung 肺门pulmonary hilar lymph node 肺门淋巴结alveolus 肺泡2常见症状dryness of throat 咽干燥sore throat 咽喉痛laryngalgia 喉痛bucking 呛咳laryngeal edema 喉头水肿whoop 哮咳wheeze 喘鸣gasp 喘息laryngeal stridor 喉喘鸣breathlessn
2、ess 气促purulent sputum 脓痰odynophagia 吞咽痛catarrhal rhinitis 卡他鼻炎barrel chest 桶状胸clubbing 杵状变pharyngeus pruritus and cough 咽痒咳嗽swelling pain in the throat 咽喉肿痛thin and whitish sputum 咳痰稀薄色白dilute sputum with excessive froth 痰稀薄多泡沫clear and thin sputum 痰液清稀thick sputum 粘稠small amount of sticky sputum 痰粘
3、量少blood in the sputum 痰中带血difficulty in expectorating 咯吐不利hemoptysis 咯血stuff nose 鼻塞clear nasal discharge 清涕nasal bleeding 鼻出血rough breath 气粗dyspnea 气息粗涌（气促）rough breath and loud voice 气粗声高yellow turbid nasal discharge 流黄浊涕dry cough 干咳inability to breathe regularly due to shortness of breath气短不足以息be
4、come Severe while moving 动则为甚dyspnea with shortness of breath 气短喘促shortness of breath with anaerosis 气短而不续dry lip and nose 唇鼻干燥unable to lie due to serious cough 咳不得卧cough with dyspnea 咳喘cough with sensation of fullness in chest 咳而胸满cough and spitting blood 咳嗽唾血paroxysm of cough and choke 咳呛阵作halito
5、sis 口臭choking sensation over the chest 胸闷气憋bronchial wheezing 哮unable to lie due to dyspnea 喘不得卧3. 常用体格和试验室检查diminution of respiration 呼吸音减弱exaggerated breath sound 呼吸音增强respiratory rudeness 呼吸音粗糙pneumonogram 肺 x片lung marking 肺纹理pumonary hypertension 肺循环高压pulmonary valve 肺动脉瓣pulmonary insufficiency
6、肺动脉关闭不全pneumonemia 肺充血tactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤intercostal neuralgia 肋间神经痛percussion 叩诊dullness 浊音resonant note 清音respiratory sound 呼吸音tympanitic note 鼓音right ventricular hypertrophy 右心室肥大hypoxia 缺氧blood routine examination 血常规bacterial culture 细菌培养biopsy 活检precancerous 癌前病变pathologic test 病理检查por
7、osis 空洞形成diffuse fibrosis 弥漫性纤维化regeneration 再生infiltrate 浸润respiratory function test 呼吸功能检查sputum culture 痰培养sputum exfoliative cytological examinarion 痰液脱落细胞检查maximum breathing capacity 最大通气量maximum oxygen consumption 最大耗氧量peak expiratory flow （rate） 最大呼气流量（速）vital capacity z 肺活量residual volume of
8、 lung 肺残气量pulmonary ventilation test 肺通气功能检查forced vital capacity 用力肺活量arterial blood gas analysis 动脉血气分析4 常见疾病cough 咳嗽asthma 哮喘dyspnea syndrome 喘证lung-distention 肺胀pulmonary abscess 肺痈，肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺痨，肺结核carcinoma of the lung 肺癌acute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染acute trac
9、hitis-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎obstructive emphysema 阻塞性肺气肿obstructive atelectasis 阻塞性肺不张obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征obstructive asphyxia 阻塞性窒息pulmonary heart disease 肺源性心脏病pulmonary embolism 肺动脉栓塞bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘bronchiectasis 支气管扩张respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭
10、acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸性窘迫综合征interstitial lung disease 间质性肺疾病pneumonia 肺炎pneumococcal pneumonia 肺炎球菌肺炎staphylococcus pneumonia 葡萄球菌肺炎Klebsiella pneumonia 克雷白杆菌肺炎legionella pneumonia 军团菌肺炎mycoplasmal pneumonia 肺炎支原体肺炎candidiasis 肺念珠菌病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 特发性肺纤维化pulmonary alveolar proteinosis 肺泡蛋白质沉积症silicosis 矽肺primary bronchiogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌pleural effusion 胸腔积液pneumothorax 气胸emphysema 肺气肿
