1、虚拟语气 The subjunctive mood一、语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。二、虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中) ；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句) 。三、虚拟语气在条件句中、虚拟条件句 主句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+ 动词的过去式（动词 be 用 were)主语+should,would, might,could动词原形与过去相反
2、的假设If+主语+had +过去分词 主语should, would, might, couldhave done与将来相反的假设1、If+主语+ 动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形主语should, would might, could动词原形eg:If I had time, I would attend the meeting.If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.More pr
3、actice: 如果我是你，我就会努力学习If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons。如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛If it should were to rain, we would call off the match.四、使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点： 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出
4、相应的调整If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了省略句在条件句中，可省略 if，把 were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study ha
5、rder.If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 五、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用（1）用于宾语从句、wish 后面的宾语从句中。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：表现在 过去时表过去 过去完成时表将来 would, mi
6、ght, could动词原形I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.I wish (that) I wouldcould go.2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that t
7、he boy (should) go with them.注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那个人坚持说他没有偷钱（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句在 suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea /
8、request 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should动词原形” should 可以省略My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it. My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.（3）虚拟语气在 在主语从句中A.在句型 “It is important (necess
9、ary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 1. 我们有必要出去散散步。 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 2 她这样做是很自然的。 Its natural that she should do so. 3 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. B. 在 It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.t
10、hat-clause 句型中从句用(should )+ 动词原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that.句型中从句也常用(should )+ 动词原型Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.三、虚拟语气在其他从句中1. It is (high / about ) time that从句中的谓语动词用过去式或 should动词原形，should不能省略It is high time that you wen
11、t / should go to school.2. If only 引导的感叹句（要是 该有多好啊)表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态 If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!3. would rather + 从句 动词用过去式或过去完成时 I would rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.4. as if ( as though) 看起来 常用虚拟形式，即表
12、示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).He treats /treated the boy as if he were his own son.He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it5. even if ( even though)即使 Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.四 情态动词+ have donecould have d
13、one 本来可以- - -might have done 本来可能 - - -should / ought to have done 本来应该做 - - -shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不该做 - - 你本不应该告诉她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth .neednt have done 本不必做 - - - 比较：didnt need to do 没必要做也没有做 - - - 我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it.
14、would have done 本来会去做-我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would havebought that book.Choose the best answer:C 1.It is strange that the little boy _C_ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would2. He gave orders that the experiment _A_ before 5:30pm.A. be finish
15、ed B.will finish C. must be finished3.He _A_ you more help,even though he was very busy.A, might have given B. might give C.may have given4.Without the leadership of the Party,there _A_no New China.A.would be B. has been C. should be D.was5. He is talking so much about America as if he_A_ there.A. h
16、ad been B. has been C. was D. has gone6. The young man insisted that he _B_ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set7. Had you listened to the doctor, you _C_ all right now.A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been8. You _B_ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. would B. should have C. may D. have
