1、guarantee for the great struggle. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main including exercise thrift, against extravagance mass line is party of lifeline and fundamental work route accurate grasp party of mass line education practice activities of guideline and target requirements set and de
2、velop “three strict three real“ of style put power shut into system of cage in using history wisdom advance anti-corruption construction in-depth advance style clean government and anti-corruption struggle develop nail nail of spirit, a Zhang good of blueprint worked to. 9. other aspects. 18 big yil
3、ai, XI General Secretary also respectively on diplomatic, and military, and ecological construction, aspects published has important speech, covers has construction ecological civilization, and advance defense and army modern, and rich “one country, two systems“ practice and advance country unified,
4、 and go peace development road, and promoted building new powers relationship, and go good around diplomatic work, and strengthening and developing countries solidarity cooperation, and active participation multilateral affairs, and science of thinking and work method, many aspects. XI Jinping, Secr
5、etary of a series of important speeches, and further enrich and develop the partys theory, line, principles and policies, the party puts forward new requirements for more contemporary features, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese
6、 characteristics. Four methods. To address the relationship between comprehensive and focused on science. In the process of learning, we should follow as a good study and carry out the “wise men“ to conduct a comprehensive collaborative learning; and with their own jobs, focus research and understan
7、ding spirit, grasp the potential requirements. For example, every party member should be according to the various branches of learning program, an article does not go into a link, no leakage of conducting a comprehensive study, and combined with their own duties and responsibilities, be focused and
8、targeted Geoscience. Like, leaders to highlight learning XI on ruling acting political know of deep love of cut dry in practice go in forefront of river new language out poverty XI on coordination advance “four a full“ strategy layout discusses excerpts XI on full deepening reform discusses excerpts
9、 XI on full law ruling discusses excerpts 18 big yilai XI on major economic problem discusses excerpts, discipline to highlight learning XI on strict party of discipline and rules discusses excerpts XI Jinping, on the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption discussed
10、 excerpts, technology to highlight the learning of the XI Jinping on technological innovation and discusses excerpts, XI Jinping, education should highlight the important excerpts of work on education and so on. To address the relation between stage and often science. Phase has the advantage of time
11、 to focus on fast, to highlight the theme, focused, result; often learn the advantages of flexible fit, form, subtle, continues todeepen. In General, periodic high priority on learning, easy to grasp and practice: recurrent learning factors, long time, prone to “sluggish“. Learning programmes are ex
12、plicitly required to learn education is not an event, but to highlight the normal education, differentiated levels, heart, catch a fine practice, the real partys ideological and political construction in the everyday, often. This requires that we do a good job phase focused learning based on knowled
13、ge contests, comments on rewards in the form, pay special attention to recurring studies. To handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. For any unit or individual, objectively speaking, in the process of carrying out the party Constitution Party rules and spirit, there
14、 is a problem with strong and weak, which we need to pay attention to the actual learning content, and handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. On one hand, we must always keep a humble attitude, good deal, Continue the hardening. The other hand, always keep the spir
15、it of energetic, pegged to the weak link to find gaps, fill the short Board. Short Board issues should not be underestimated, the saying goes, have short Board, add a short. This tells us, there are weaknesses shortcomings and do not be afraid, fear is a blind eye and not to repair, the result is po
16、or is worse and the weak weaker. United States politics home zhamusi, and Wilson and prevention crime learn experts qiaozhikailin proposed has a famous of broken window theory, that, if a building House has a fan window of glass broken has, and this fan Windows no get timely repair, others on May to
17、 broke more of window glass, time a long, these damaged of window on to people caused a disorder, and matter of feel, results in this mass errors think no attention, and no management of atmosphere Xia, some bad culture, and violations behavior on will breeding and spread. Reality life in the is suc
18、h, clean of wall Shang, suddenly was posted has a Zhang ad, if didnt people management, not out days this wall Shang on will appeared greatly small many of advertising; private take mess built phenomenon is so, began circle a small block to built a small shed put things, if didnt people timely stop,
19、 he on dare built a hut live people, time long has didnt people tube, wants to tube Shi on difficult has. Therefore, the solid strong is important, a lot to learn is also important. Third, key, grasp the learning objective of education is to train a qualified party member “two“ study and education t
20、o its core essence is learning and doing. Learning and doing are mutually reinforcing, if optical cant do, study leave, real learning deficiency, while sweating, wind and water, “one fishing white“ became “fake words and not the mules“. Learning party rules did not comply with the party Constitution
21、, address the learning series is not used, instead, learn and do, imagine this “learning“, how do you meet the eligibility requirements of party members. Therefore, the “two“ basic learning, the key is in use, do, line. In particular, is a qualified party members to grasp the following three points.
22、 To strengthen “four国际服务贸易习题集 一 服务业与经济增长二 国际服务贸易发展概况三 国际服务贸易纯理论四 国际服务贸易政策五 国际服务贸易中的 FDI六 国际服务贸易的多边规则与服务贸易总协定七 国际金融服务贸易八 我国服务业的对外开放及发展第一章 服务业与经济增长 名词解释1、 工业经济工 业 经 济 ， 又 叫 资 源 经 济 ， 即 经 济 发 展 主 要 取 决 于 自 然 资 源 的 占 有 和 配置 。由 于 科 学 技 术 的 不 断 发 展 ， 知 识 的 不 断 积 累 ， 人 类 开 发 自 然 的 能 力 不 断 增 强 ，使 得 大 多 数 可
23、认 识 资 源 都 成 为 短 缺 资 源 。 19 世 纪 以 来 的 世 界 战 争 ， 其 目 的主 要 是 掠 夺 或 保 卫 自 然 资 源 。 最 近 美 国 发 动 的 伊 拉 克 战 争 ， 针 对 的 主 要 是 海湾 地 区 的 石 油 资 源 。 在 国 家 独 立 自 主 的 条 件 下 ， 有 了 资 源 ， 就 能 发 展 经 济 。在 工 业 经 济 阶 段 ， 生 产 的 分 配 主 要 按 自 然 资 源 ( 包 括 通 过 劳 动 形 成 的 生产 资 料 )的 占 有 来 进 行 。 所 以 ， 虽 然 生 产 效 率 大 大 提 高 了 ， 物 质 财
24、富 大 大 增加 了 ， 但 广 大 人 民 的 生 活 水 平 的 提 高 与 此 不 成 正 比 。 西 方 主 要 国 家 大 约 花 了100 年 时 间 解 决 温 饱 问 题 ， 又 用 了 约 50 年 时 间 变 成 小 康 ， 以 后 才 逐 步 开 始富 裕 。 在 这 期 间 ， 它 们 基 本 普 及 了 中 等 教 育 ， 开 始 了 人 才 的 自 由 流 动 ， 比 较成 功 地 开 发 了 智 力 资 源 。2、 现代服务业服务业可分为初级服务业（如餐饮）、中级服务业（如仓储、运输）和高级服务业（金融、财务、投资、法律、会计)，其中高级服务业即可认为是知识型服务
25、业（也称为现代服务业）3、 生产者服务贸易生产者服务是指作为货物商品和其他服务生产过程的投入品的那些服务。从宏观角度分析，生产者服务的产生大多是由于制造业内部的服务生产具有明显的外部化趋势，从而导致生产者服务业作为一个独立部门而出现。生产者服务在相当程度上是作为生产要素的技术和社会分工扩展的结果。生产者服务业与贸易密切相关，而且其本身也越来越成为可贸易品。某些基础设施性质的和下游生产阶段的服务，事实上都是进行和增加货物贸易guarantee for the great struggle. This aspects XI General Secretary of speech main incl
26、uding exercise thrift, against extravagance mass line is party of lifeline and fundamental work route accurate grasp party of mass line education practice activities of guideline and target requirements set and develop “three strict three real“ of style put power shut into system of cage in using hi
27、story wisdom advance anti-corruption construction in-depth advance style clean government and anti-corruption struggle develop nail nail of spirit, a Zhang good of blueprint worked to. 9. other aspects. 18 big yilai, XI General Secretary also respectively on diplomatic, and military, and ecological
28、construction, aspects published has important speech, covers has construction ecological civilization, and advance defense and army modern, and rich “one country, two systems“ practice and advance country unified, and go peace development road, and promoted building new powers relationship, and go g
29、ood around diplomatic work, and strengthening and developing countries solidarity cooperation, and active participation multilateral affairs, and science of thinking and work method, many aspects. XI Jinping, Secretary of a series of important speeches, and further enrich and develop the partys theo
30、ry, line, principles and policies, the party puts forward new requirements for more contemporary features, the latest achievement of Marxism in China, is a guide to persisting and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Four methods. To address the relationship between comprehensive and f
31、ocused on science. In the process of learning, we should follow as a good study and carry out the “wise men“ to conduct a comprehensive collaborative learning; and with their own jobs, focus research and understanding spirit, grasp the potential requirements. For example, every party member should b
32、e according to the various branches of learning program, an article does not go into a link, no leakage of conducting a comprehensive study, and combined with their own duties and responsibilities, be focused and targeted Geoscience. Like, leaders to highlight learning XI on ruling acting political
33、know of deep love of cut dry in practice go in forefront of river new language out poverty XI on coordination advance “four a full“ strategy layout discusses excerpts XI on full deepening reform discusses excerpts XI on full law ruling discusses excerpts 18 big yilai XI on major economic problem dis
34、cusses excerpts, discipline to highlight learning XI on strict party of discipline and rules discusses excerpts XI Jinping, on the construction of clean and honest Government and fight against corruption discussed excerpts, technology to highlight the learning of the XI Jinping on technological inno
35、vation and discusses excerpts, XI Jinping, education should highlight the important excerpts of work on education and so on. To address the relation between stage and often science. Phase has the advantage of time to focus on fast, to highlight the theme, focused, result; often learn the advantages
36、of flexible fit, form, subtle, continues todeepen. In General, periodic high priority on learning, easy to grasp and practice: recurrent learning factors, long time, prone to “sluggish“. Learning programmes are explicitly required to learn education is not an event, but to highlight the normal educa
37、tion, differentiated levels, heart, catch a fine practice, the real partys ideological and political construction in the everyday, often. This requires that we do a good job phase focused learning based on knowledge contests, comments on rewards in the form, pay special attention to recurring studie
38、s. To handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. For any unit or individual, objectively speaking, in the process of carrying out the party Constitution Party rules and spirit, there is a problem with strong and weak, which we need to pay attention to the actual learni
39、ng content, and handle the relationship between solid strong to learn and a lot to learn. On one hand, we must always keep a humble attitude, good deal, Continue the hardening. The other hand, always keep the spirit of energetic, pegged to the weak link to find gaps, fill the short Board. Short Boar
40、d issues should not be underestimated, the saying goes, have short Board, add a short. This tells us, there are weaknesses shortcomings and do not be afraid, fear is a blind eye and not to repair, the result is poor is worse and the weak weaker. United States politics home zhamusi, and Wilson and pr
41、evention crime learn experts qiaozhikailin proposed has a famous of broken window theory, that, if a building House has a fan window of glass broken has, and this fan Windows no get timely repair, others on May to broke more of window glass, time a long, these damaged of window on to people caused a
42、 disorder, and matter of feel, results in this mass errors think no attention, and no management of atmosphere Xia, some bad culture, and violations behavior on will breeding and spread. Reality life in the is such, clean of wall Shang, suddenly was posted has a Zhang ad, if didnt people management,
43、 not out days this wall Shang on will appeared greatly small many of advertising; private take mess built phenomenon is so, began circle a small block to built a small shed put things, if didnt people timely stop, he on dare built a hut live people, time long has didnt people tube, wants to tube Shi
44、 on difficult has. Therefore, the solid strong is important, a lot to learn is also important. Third, key, grasp the learning objective of education is to train a qualified party member “two“ study and education to its core essence is learning and doing. Learning and doing are mutually reinforcing,
45、if optical cant do, study leave, real learning deficiency, while sweating, wind and water, “one fishing white“ became “fake words and not the mules“. Learning party rules did not comply with the party Constitution, address the learning series is not used, instead, learn and do, imagine this “learnin
46、g“, how do you meet the eligibility requirements of party members. Therefore, the “two“ basic learning, the key is in use, do, line. In particular, is a qualified party members to grasp the following three points. To strengthen “four的条件，如运输、电讯、批发和零售服务等。这些生产者服务在各国推进国际贸易发展过程中，越来越多地被用于国际贸易。4、 要素服务贸易是指涉
47、及劳动力、技术和资本等生产要素跨国界移动的服务贸易。具体地说，对外工程承包或劳务输出涉及劳动力生产要素的国际流动，因而属于要素服务贸易。外国投资者投资所获利润、利息和股息等收入，国际技术转让中转让方获取的转让费等收入，也属于要素服务贸易收入。要素服务贸易与货物贸易存在本质区别，前者是提供服务所需的各种生产要素的国际交易，后者则是作为生产要素使用结果的货物商品的交易。5、 非要素服务贸易不涉及生产要素的跨国界移动的服务贸易，称为非要素服务贸易，如旅游、会计、运输、保险与再保险、咨询、租赁、广告、教育卫生等部分专业服务，以及维修和政府服务等。非要素服务具体包括货运、客运和其他运输服务，旅游服务，政
48、府代表处，非居民及境外人员，外国政府代表处的秘密人员之间的国际会计事务等。提成费、许可证贸易使用费和其他非公开服务一般也属于非要素服务贸易。简单地说，非要素服务包括运输、旅游、其他私人服务和政府服务。思考题1、 简述服务业与第三产业的区别。答：第三产业的界定采用的是剩余法。故范围不明确；服务业是以是否提供或生产各种类型的服务为标准，范围比较明确。三次产业划分的出发点是按供给分类。服务业是以经济体系的需求分类为思想基础的。第三产业概念的经济结构涵义主要是就国内经济而言；服务业概念的经济结构涵义是同时面向国内和国际两个市场。2、 服务的主要特征有哪些?答：服务是无形的。 无形性或不可感知性是服务的
49、最主要的特征。这一点可以从 两个不同的方面来理解。首先，服务与有形的消费品或产业用品 比较，服务的物质及组成服务的元素，很多情况下都是无形的， 让人不能触摸或凭肉眼看见其存在。其次，使用服务后的利益， 很难被察觉，或是要等一段时间后，享用服务的人才能够感觉到“利益”的存在。不可分离性。有形的产业用品或消费品在从生产、流通到最后消费的过程 中，一般要经过一系列的中间环节，生产与消费的过程一般具有 一定的时间间隔。而服务则与之不同，它具有不可分离性的特执行统一标准的商品质量管理相比，服务质量的管理要困难得多，也灵活得多，正因为如此，往往导致了寻租等外部性的存在与蔓延。不可储藏性。基于以上第一和第二两个特征，使得服务不可能像有形的消费和产业产品一样被贮存起来，以备未来出售；消费者在大多数情况下，亦不能将服务携带回家保存。当然，提供服务的各种设备可能会提前准备好，但生产出来的服务如不当时消费，就会造成损失。不过，这种损失不像有形产品损失那样明显，它仅仅表现为机会的丧失和折旧的发生。3、 GATS 将国际服务服务贸易总协定贸易划分为哪四种形式？答：过境交付，即从一缔约方领土进入任一缔约方领土内提供服务。境外消费，即在一缔约方领土上向任一缔约方的服务消费者提供服务。商业存在，即一缔约方通过自身服务实体（商业存在）的经营，在任一缔约方领土上提guara
