1、语法Unit11、形容词的用法:(1)作定语:形容词+ 名词 如: There are many _(beauty) mountains in China.(2)作表语:连系动词 + 形容词常用的连系动词有:be;keep(保持);感觉动词 look(看起来),taste( 尝起来),smell(闻起来),feel(感觉 ),sound( 听起来);状态转变动词 become,get, turn, grow 等。如:The children are so _ (luck) that they can get one present each.(3)作宾语补足语:keep/ make + 宾语+
2、形容词 find / feel it + 形容词+ to do sth如:They wear glasses to keep their eyes _.A. safe B. safely C. safety D. safly2、 副词的用法(作状语):(1)行为动词+ 副词如:“Be quick! “, he shouted (angry).(2)副词 + 形容词 / 副词如:He is (terrible) ill. * 要决:判断一个地方应该用形容词还是要用副词首先是看这个单词后面是否有名词或是形容词被它修饰,然后看它前面的动词是连系动词还是行为动词。3、形容词比较级用于两人或两事物之间的
3、比较;最高级用于三个或三个以上人或物的比较 比较级与最高级构成:(1)单音节形容词 比较级:词尾+er tall-taller small-smaller long-longer 最高级:词尾+est tall-tallest small-smallest long-longest (2) 以不发音的 e 结尾的形容词 比较级:词尾+r nice-nicer fine-finer 最高级:词尾+st nice-nicest fine-finest (3)以辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词 比较级:把 y 改为 i+er easy-easier pretty- prettier 最高级:把 y 改为
4、i+est easy-easiest pretty-prettiest (4) 重读闭音节,结尾只有一个辅音字母 比较级:双写最后一个辅音字母+er slim-slimmer big-bigger 最高级:双写最后一个辅音字母+est slim-slimmest big-biggest (5)多音节形容词 比较级:前面+more beautiful-more beautiful important-more important 最高级:前面+most beautiful-most beautiful important-most important (6)不规则变化形容词 good-bette
5、r-best bad-worse-worst little-less-least much/many-more-most old-older/elder-oldest/eldest far-farther/further-farthest/furthest 4、形容词比较级用法: A + be + 形容词比较级 + than B She is shorter than I am. My book is more interesting than his book. 形容词最高级用法: A + be + the 形容词最高级 + 名词+表示范围的短语或从句 She is the best stu
6、dent in her class. This is the biggest apple I have ever met.固定结构中的比较: “比较级 +and + 比较级” 表示 “越来 越”如:我们的国家变得越来越美丽了。Our country is _。“the +比较级, the +比较级” 表示 “ 越,就越”如:你学习越努力,你的英语就会越好。_you study, _your English will be.5、形容词的后置情况:(1)形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词后置。如:Will you have _ to say at the meeting tomorrow?A. some
7、thing important B. anything importantC. important something D. important anything(2)表示计量时, 形容词后置。如:这条河有两米半深。The river _.6、词尾为-ing 和-ed 的形容词用法区别:和物有关的用 ing : interesting, amazing, surprising, exciting和人有关的用 ed: interested, amazed, surprised, excited如: I am very_ in the _book. (interest)Unit21. 数量的比较:
8、(1)可数名词:morethan 比多; the most 最多fewer than 比少; the fewest 最少(2)不可数名词:more than 比多; the most 最多less than 比少 the least 最少2. like “像”, 是介词,like +名词/代词/ 动词 ingalike “相同的,相似的” , 是形容词,只能作表语,连系动词 +alike 3. be the same as “和相同”be different from “和不同”4. morethan 修饰可数 badly-worse-worst; far-tarther/further-fu
9、rthest/farthestUnit3并列连词一 and 和,又(1) and 连接相似意思的词、短语或分句。(2) 两个形容词置于名词前时,除了表示同一性质或颜色的情形以外,常不用 and. a red and black car; a talk dark man(3) 三个或三个以上的词、短语或分句相并列时,通常只在最后一个前加 and, 前面的用逗号隔开。I visited London, Paris and Rome. (4) 当 and 与人称代词连用时,通常按二、三、一的顺序排列。you, she and I(5) 视为一个整体的两个名词在并列时,通常第二个前不加冠词。a mot
10、her and child 母子,my father and mother 我的父母(6) 被 and 连接起来的名词如果指同一个人时,通常后面的不加冠词。He is a teacher and writer. 他是一位教师也是一位作家。二 but 但是(连接不同的意思,表示转折)三 or 或者(1) 连接表示选择的意思。(2) or 常用于选择疑问句中。Would you like coffee or tea?你要咖啡还是茶?(3) or 还可用于否定句中,意为“也不” 。We cant go to parks or swimming pools. 我们不能去公园也不能去游泳池。动词不定式(
11、1) 基本形式肯定形式:to + 动词原形 否定形式:not to 动词原形(2) 用法:一般情况 如果一个动词前已有了行为动词,则后面的动词要用不定式:行为动词 + 不定式He asked me to talk about English. 疑问词后面要跟不定式:疑问词 + 不定式 I dont know what to do.特殊情况 在下面的动词短语中后面的动词要用动词原形:had better + 动词原形;see / hear / make / let / help sb. + 动词原形The thermos made me feel thirsty.在下面的动词短语中后面的动词要用
12、动词 ing: like / enjoy / finish / mind / keep/ keep on / allow / practise / stop / go on / prefer/ be busy / + 动词 ingIf you want to learn English well, you must practice reading it everyday.反身代词(表示“自己”“亲自”)当主语和宾语一样时,宾语可以使用反身代词形式,起强调作用。反身代词不能单独作主语。 反身代词和它所指代的对象在人称、性别、数上必须保持一致。 第一人称和第二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加
13、上 self 或 selves 构成,第三人称的反身代词是由宾格加上 self 或 selves 构成。I You You She He We They It One常用反身代词短语 enjoy oneself hurt oneself dress oneself hide oneself wash oneself by oneself the thing itself lose oneself in . help oneself to .say to oneself come to oneself buy sth. for oneself teach oneself (to do) sth.
14、 learn (to do) sth. by oneself look at oneself in the mirror keep the secret to oneself 时态复习:(一) 、一般现在时:用法:1、表示自然现象或客观真理。 2、表示现在的事实。 3、表示经常性动作。 构成:1、be 动词 (is/ am/ are)肯定句:主语+is/am/are否定句:主语+is/am/are+not疑问句:is/am/are +主语2、实义动词 (动词的第三人称单数形式 / 动词原形)肯定句:(1)、主语(第三人称单数)动词第三人称单数形式(2)、主语(不是第三人称单数)动词原形Myse
15、lf Yourself Yourselves Herself Himself Ourselves Themselves Itself oneself否定句:(1)、主语(第三人称单数)does not (doesnt)+ 动词原形(2)、主语(不是第三人称单数)do not (dont) +动词原形疑问句:(1)、does + 主语(第三人称单数)+ 动词原形(2)、do + 主语(不是第三人称单数) + 动词原形3、常跟时间:always, usually, often, sometimes, every morning, every day, every week, every month
16、, once a week, in the morning, in the evening, on Sunday, on Sunday afternoon 等。(二) 、现在进行时用法:(1)表示现在正在进行的动作。(2)表示当前一段时间内正在进行的动作。构成:be(is / are /am) +动词-ing常跟时间短语:now (= right now = at the moment), at present, these days, Look! Listen! (三) 、一般将来时:1. 用法:表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。2. 构成:shall(用于 I 或 we) + V 原 (表
17、示征求意见)will + V 原 (表示纯粹的将来)be going to + V 原 (表示打算或计划要做的事,或有迹象要发生的事)否定:will not = wont; shall not = shant 3. 常跟时间:tomorrow(明天), tomorrow morning(明天早上), tomorrow evening(明天晚上),this afternoon(今天下午), this evening(今天晚上), tonight(今晚), next week(下个星期), next year(明年), next month(下个月), the day after tomorrow
18、(后天), in the future(在将来), in a few days(几天后), next Sunday(下个星期天),the coming Sunday(下个星期天) 等。在时间和条件状语从句中用一般现在时来表示将来时(常用 will + V 原):一般将来时+when/ until/ if + 一般现在时。I will go to the park if it doesnt rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨,我将去公园。Unit41. 祈使句 当我们向他人发出命令,提出请求或建议时, 常使用祈使句。如:Be quiet, please! Dont be late ag
19、ain! 【注】祈使句的主语通常不明确表示出来。 (1)祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头; 否定形式是动词原形前加 do not/dont (2)为了显示客气和礼貌,我们常在祈使句中加 please。当 please 在句末时,必须用逗号隔开。 2. 用 should 和 had better 提建议 Had better 和 should 都是情态动词,后接动词原形,而且均没有人称和数的变化。had better 的语气比 should 强一些。 You had better water the flowers as soon as possible. Had better 中的 had 可缩
20、写为 d All of us should take part in this activity. 否定形式: had better not should not/ shouldnt Youd better not play computer games now. He shouldnt be late for school again8A Unit 11. worry “使烦恼,使烦恼” worry about = be worried about 担心某事2. say bad words about sb 说别人的坏话3. Ill vote for我将投票赞成 vote against 投
21、票反对 (Integrated skills)1. (1)help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人干某事=help sb. with sth. (2) solve problems 解决问题2. try ones best to do sth. 尽力去干某事do ones best to do sth. 3. a famous singer 一个著名的歌手famous “著名的” well-known, 常用短语:be famous for “ 因而著名” 4. agree to do sth. 同意做某事agree with sb. 同意某人,与某人有相同的看法agree abo
22、ut / on sth. 关于的意见一致,同意某事5. one of the +形容词最高级名词复数 “最之一”6. What is he like? 他人如何?他是个什么样的人?(询问人性格、品质等)What does he look like? 他长什么样子?(询问人的相貌)(Main Task)1. next door “隔壁”2. She always wears a smile on her face and looks happy. 她脸上总是挂着微笑,看上去总是那么的快乐。wear “面露,面带”8A Unit 2(Comic strip and Welcome to the u
23、nit)1. 一些:some = a few (+可数名词 )a little (+不可数名词) 2. 许多:a lot of = lots of = many (+可数名词)= much (+不可数名词)3. 几乎没有:few (+可数名词 ), little (+不可数名词) (Reading, Vocabulary)1. learn how to do sth. 学习怎样做某事疑问词+不定式2. as well “也,又,同样地” = too3. sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事。sb. spend some money on
24、 sth. 某人花费多少金钱买某物。4. You are my hero. 你是我心中的偶像。5. have a good (great , wonder) time doing sth. 做某事很愉快=enjoy oneself doing sth = have fun doing sth6. What doesmean? = What do you mean by ? = Whats the meaning of ? 是什么意思?7. (1)students in 12th Grade “12 年级的学生” ,介词短语作定语,后置。(2)be called “被叫作 ”(Integrated skills and Study skills)1. have off “有(时间的)放假2. have morning assembly 开晨会3. What if? “要是又怎么办?=What would happen if ?4. mind “介意 ,在乎” , 后跟名词或动名词, = not agreemind doing sth. 介意干某事5. be able to “能,会” ,=can