1、GB/T XXXXX-XXXX1中医临床诊疗术语证候部分(修订版)1 范围本标准规定了中医临床 812 种常见证及其定义。本标准适用于中医医疗、卫生统计、中医病案管理、中医临床医疗质量评定、科研、教学、出版及国内外学术交流等领域。2 引用标准下列标准所包含的条文,通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时,所列示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订,使用本标准的各方应同时探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。GB/T 156571995 中医病证分类与代码GB/T 16751.11997 中医临床诊疗术语疾病部分ZY/T 001.1001.994 中医病证诊断疗效标准3 基本虚证类 basi
2、c syndromes of deficiency type3.1 气虚证 syndrome of qi deficiency元气不足,脏腑机能衰退,以气短乏力,神疲懒言,自汗,舌淡,脉虚等为常见症的证候。3.2 气陷证 syndrome of qi sinking气虚无力升举,中气下陷,以头晕眼花,少气倦怠,脘腹坠胀,脱肛,内脏、子宫下垂,舌淡苔白,脉弱等为常见症的证候。3.3 气脱证 syndrome of qi collapse真气因某种原因而急骤外泄,以突然面色苍白,口唇青紫,汗出,肢冷,呼吸微弱,舌淡,脉细数为常见症的危重证候。同义词:元气虚脱证3.4 血虚证 syndrome of
3、 blood deficiency血液亏虚,脏腑、经络、形体失养,以面色淡白或萎黄,唇舌爪甲色淡,头晕眼花,心悸多梦,手足发麻;妇女月经量少,色淡,愆期或闭经,脉细等为常见症的证候。3.4.1 血虚动生风证 syndrome of blood deficiency generating stirring wind血液亏损,形体失养,虚风内动,以面色无华,爪甲不荣,夜寐多梦,视物模糊,头晕眼花,肢体麻木,皮肤瘙痒等为常见症的证候。3.4.2 血虚风燥盛证 syndrome of blood deficiency and wind dryness exuberance血虚风胜化燥,皮毛、筋脉失养,
4、以皮肤粗糙,干燥脱屑,瘙痒,或枯皱皲裂,毛发失荣脱落,肌肤麻木,手足拘急,面白无华,爪甲淡白,头晕眼花,舌淡,脉细等为常见症的证候。3.4.3 血虚津亏证 syndrome of blood deficiency and fluid depletion津血亏虚,形体失其濡养,以面白无华,皮肤枯槁,唇甲淡白,鼻燥咽干,目涩少泪,小便短少,大便干结,舌红少津,脉细而涩等为常见症的证候。3.5 血脱证 syndrome of blood collapse突然大量出血或长期反复出血,血液亡脱于外,以面色苍白,头晕眼花,心悸怔忡,气微而短,四肢清冷,舌淡脉芤等为常见症的证候。3.6 阴(液亏)虚证 sy
5、ndrome of yin (humor depletion) deficiencyGB/T XXXXX-XXXX2阴液不足,不能制阳,以潮热盗汗,午后颧红,五心烦热,口燥咽干,舌红少苔,脉细数等为常见症的证候。3.6.1 阴虚阳浮证 syndrome of yin deficiency with yang floating阴液亏虚,阴不制阳,阳气上浮,以颜面烘热,两颧潮红,形瘦盗汗,头晕目眩,烦躁失眠,舌红少苔,脉细数等为常见症的证候。3.6.2 阴虚血燥证 syndrome of yin deficiency and blood dryness阴液亏虚,津血被耗,以头晕目眩,口干咽燥,皮肤
6、干涩、瘙痒,毛发不荣,午后潮热,盗汗颧红,舌红少津,脉细数等为常见症的证候。3.6.3 阴虚动血证 syndrome of yin deficiency with blood stirring阴液亏虚,虚热迫血妄行,以咳血,吐血,衄血,尿血,便血,妇女月经量多,五心烦热,午后颧红,形瘦盗汗,舌红少苔,脉细数等为常见症的证候。3.6.4 阴虚动风证 syndrome of yin deficiency with wind stirring阴液亏虚,经脉失养,虚风内动,以头目眩晕,肢体发麻,或手足瘈疭、震颤,形体消瘦,五心烦热,口燥咽干,小便短黄,大便干结,舌红少苔,脉细数等为常见症的证候。3.6
7、.5 阴虚津亏证 syndrome of yin deficiency and fluid depletion阴津亏耗,形体失养,以口干咽燥,皮肤干涩,眼眶凹陷,小便短黄,大便干结,形瘦盗汗,舌红苔少而干,脉细数等为常见症的证候。同义词:阴津亏虚证3.7 亡阴证 syndrome of yin loss体液大量耗损,阴精欲竭,以身热,汗出如油,口渴饮冷,烦躁,面红,舌干无津,脉细疾数等为常见症的危重证候。同义词:阴脱证3.8 阳虚证 syndrome of yang deficiency阳气亏损,失却温煦推动,脏腑机能衰退,以畏寒肢冷,神疲乏力,气短,口淡不渴,或喜热饮,尿清便溏,或尿少浮肿,
8、面白,舌淡胖,脉沉迟无力等为常见症的证候。同义词:阳气(亏)虚证3.9 亡阳证 syndrome of yang loss阳气衰竭而欲脱,以冷汗淋漓,身凉肢厥,神倦息微,面色苍白,脉微欲绝,舌淡苔润等为常见症的危重证候。同义词:阳脱证3.10 虚阳浮越证 syndrome of deficiency yang floating upward阳虚阴盛,格阳于上,以面红如妆,口咽干燥,皮肤灼热,然而下肢厥冷,小便清长,大便溏,脉浮大无力等为常见症的证候。3.11 气血两虚证 syndrome of dual deficiency of qi and blood气血亏虚,形体失养,以神疲乏力,气短懒
9、言,面色淡白或萎黄,头晕目眩,唇甲色淡,心悸失眠,舌淡脉弱等为常见症的证候。3.11.1 气随血脱证 syndrome of qi collapse following bleeding因大量出血,气无所附而随之暴脱,以面色苍白,四肢厥冷,大汗淋漓,气息微弱,甚至昏厥,脉微欲绝,或虚大无力等为常见症的危重证候。3.11.2 气不摄统血证 syndrome of qi failing to control command blood气虚不能统摄血液,以便血,肌衄,齿衄,妇女崩漏,月经量多,神疲乏力,气短懒言,面色无华,舌淡,脉弱等为常见症的证候。3.11.3 气血两虚动风证 syndrome o
10、f dual deficiency of qi and blood with wind stirring气血亏虚,形体失养,虚风内动,以神疲乏力,气短懒言,面色淡白或萎黄,唇甲色淡,头晕目眩,肢体麻木,手足挛急,舌淡脉弱等为常见症的证候。3.12 气阴两亏虚证 syndrome of dual deficiency of qi and yin元气不足,阴津亏损,以神疲乏力,气短懒言,咽干口燥,潮热,自汗,盗汗,小便短少,大便干结,舌红或胖,苔少而干,脉细无力或虚数等为常见症的证候。3.13 阴血亏虚证 syndrome of yin-blood depletion and deficiency
11、GB/T XXXXX-XXXX3阴液精血亏虚,形体失养,以形体消瘦,面色萎黄,低热颧红,肢体麻木,头晕目眩,心悸失眠,舌红苔少,脉细数等为常见症的证候。3.14 阴阳两亏虚证 syndrome of dual depletion deficiency of yin and yang脏腑阴液阳气俱虚,以眩晕耳鸣,神疲,畏寒肢冷,五心烦热,心悸腰酸,舌淡少津,脉弱而数等为常见症的证候。3.14.1 阴损及阳证 syndrome of yin detriment affecting yang阴液亏损,日久及阳,终致阴阳俱虚的证候。3.14.2 阳损及阴证 syndrome of yang detri
12、ment affecting yin阳气亏损,日久及阴,终致阴阳俱虚的证候。3.14.3 阴竭阳脱证 syndrome of yin exhaustion and yang collapse阴精亏损,阳无所附,随之而脱所表现的证候。3.15 津液亏虚证 syndrome of depletion and deficiency of fluid and humor津液亏少,脏腑组织失却濡养,以口燥咽干,唇燥或裂,渴欲饮水,小便短少,大便干结,舌红少津,脉细数无力等为常见症的证候。3.15.1 津亏伤证 syndrome of fluid depletion damage津液亏虚之轻者,以口鼻、咽
13、喉、唇舌、皮肤干燥,大便干结,脉细数等为常见症的证候。3.15.2 液亏脱证 syndrome of humor depletion collapse津液亏虚之甚者,以形体消瘦,口唇焦裂,皮肤枯瘪,眼眶凹陷,关节不利,小便短少,大便干结等为常见症的证候。3.16 津气亏虚证 syndrome of fluid and qi depletion and deficiency津液不足,正气亏虚,以神疲气短,烦渴欲饮,皮肤干燥,眼球凹陷,或汗出量多,舌红苔干,脉细无力等为常见症的证候。3.17 精气亏虚不足证 syndrome of essential qi depletion and defici
14、ency insufficiency精气亏少,以形体消瘦,头晕脑鸣,身材矮小,动作迟钝,智力低下,或男子精少精稀,阳痿早泄等为常见症的证候。同义词:精亏证3.18 精血亏虚证 syndrome of depletion and deficiency of essence and blood病久体弱,或生化不足,精亏血少,以眩晕,健忘,耳鸣,心悸,面白,损伤久不能复等为常见症的证候。3.19 髓亏证 syndrome of marrow depletion精髓亏虚,形体失其充养,以眩晕耳鸣,头脑空痛,腰脊酸软,动作迟钝,肢体痿软,或足不任身等为常见症的证候。3.20 卫(气亏)虚证 syndro
15、me of defense (qi depletion) deficiency卫气亏虚,卫外不固,以恶风汗出,容易感冒,脉浮无力等为常见症的证候。3.21 营(气亏)虚证 syndrome of nutrient (qi depletion) deficiency营气亏虚,机体失养,以疲乏,消瘦,自汗,面色少华,脉弱等为常见症的证候。4 基本实证类 basic excess syndromes4.1 外风证 syndrome of exterior wind泛指风邪或夹湿热疫毒等邪侵袭于外,或内犯所致的证候。其症因夹邪及所犯形体脏器的不同而各具特征。4.1.1 风邪犯表外袭证 syndrome
16、 of pathogenic wind invading the exterior assailing the exterior风邪侵袭肤表,卫外机能失常,以恶风、发热、汗出、脉浮,或皮肤瘙痒,水肿,或咳嗽,咽喉痛,头身痛等为常见症的证候。4.1.2 风湿犯表外袭证 syndrome of wind-dampness invading the exteriorassailing the exteriorGB/T XXXXX-XXXX4风邪挟湿侵袭肌表,卫外机能失常,以恶寒发热,肢体困重,关节酸痛,头重如裹,舌苔白薄腻等为常见症的证候。4.1.3 风热外袭侵证 syndrome of wind-
17、heat assailing intruding the exterior风热之邪侵袭肌表,卫外机能失常,以发热,或微恶寒,恶风,汗出,口渴,咽喉红痛舌尖红,苔薄黄,脉浮数,或皮肤红肿灼痒等为常见症的证候。4.1.3.1 风重于热证 syndrome of wind predominating over heat风热外袭证风偏重者,以微热汗出,恶风,皮肤瘙痒,咽喉痒痛,脉浮数等为常见症的证候。4.1.3.2 热重于风证 syndrome of heat predominating over wind风热外袭证热偏重者,以发热重,微恶风,口渴饮冷,目赤肿痛,咽喉红肿,舌尖红,苔薄黄,脉浮数,或肌
18、肤痒痛灼热等为常见症的证候。4.1.3.3 风热俱壅盛证 syndrome of dual congestion exuberance of wind and heat风热邪气壅滞所致,以发热,口渴饮冷,面目或咽喉红肿疼痛,皮肤出疹色赤,或痈疖疔疮红肿灼热痒痛,便结尿黄,舌红苔黄,脉数等为常见症的证候。4.1.3.4 风热疫毒证 syndrome of wind-heat and pestilent toxin风热疫毒壅滞所致,以寒战高热,头面红肿,咽喉肿痛,身发斑疹,烦躁口渴,头痛恶心,舌红绛,脉洪数等为常见症的证候。4.1.4 风热痰毒凝证 syndrome of wind-heat an
19、d phlegm-toxin congealment风热痰毒壅滞,气血不畅,以发热面赤,咳嗽,痰多而黄稠,胸闷气喘,咽喉肿痛,或疮疡肿痛质硬,难溃难消,舌红苔黄腻,脉滑数等为常见症的证候。4.1.5 风湿挟毒毒聚证 syndrome of wind-dampness with toxin complication toxin aggregation风湿毒邪侵渍肌肤,以下肢浮肿,溃疡,阴部湿疹,瘙痒,流黄水,或足趾间奇痒,妇女黄白带下等为常见症的证候。4.1.6 风热挟湿证 syndrome of wind-heat with dampness complication风热湿邪侵袭肌肤,以发热,
20、渴不多饮,肢体困重,或目赤肿痛、睑缘湿烂,或皮肤湿疹、水疱、瘙痒、流水,舌红苔黄腻等为常见症的证候。4.1.7 风湿化热火证 syndrome of wind-dampness transforming into heat fire风湿之邪郁久而化热,以肢体酸胀困重,关节肿痛、活动不利,或皮肤瘙痒、渗液,发热口渴,舌红苔黄白而干等为常见症的证候。同义词:风湿郁热热郁证4.1.8 风寒化郁热证 syndrome of wind-cold transforming into stagnating heat风寒之邪郁久化热,以恶寒发热,头身、关节酸痛,咳嗽痰稠,咽喉痒痛,舌尖红,苔黄白而干,脉数等为
21、常见症的证候。4.2 寒凝证 syndrome of cold congealment寒邪侵袭机体,阳气被遏,以恶寒甚,无汗,头身或胸腹疼痛,苔白,脉弦紧等为常见症的证候。同义词:寒邪凝滞证4.2.1 寒湿阻凝滞证 syndrome of cold-dampness obstruction congealment and stagnation寒湿之邪侵袭,阻滞气机,以头身困重,关节疼痛,屈伸不利,无汗,或面浮肢肿,大便稀溏,小便不利,舌苔白润,脉濡或滑等为常见症的证候。同义词:寒湿(内阻)证4.2.2 寒凝气滞证 syndrome of cold congealment and qi stag
22、nation寒邪凝滞气机,以头身关节疼痛,手足拘急,或脘腹胀满冷痛,泛吐清水,肠鸣腹泻,苔白润,脉弦紧等为常见症的证候。4.2.3 寒凝血瘀证 syndrome of cold congealment and blood stasis寒邪凝滞气机,血行瘀阻,以畏寒冷痛,得温痛减,肢冷色青,妇女月经后期、痛经、经色紫暗夹块,舌紫暗,苔白,脉沉迟而涩等为常见症的证候。4.2.4 寒湿化热证 syndrome of cold-dampness transforming into heatGB/T XXXXX-XXXX5寒湿之邪郁久化热,以发热,肢体沉重,关节红肿酸痛,口渴不多饮,恶心欲呕,腹痛腹泻,
23、舌红苔黄白,脉滑数等为常见症的证候。4.2.5 寒湿瘀滞证 syndrome of cold-dampness stasis and stagnation寒湿内蕴,血行瘀滞,以恶寒畏冷,肢体沉重、酸痛或刺痛,得温痛减,唇舌紫暗,舌有斑点,舌苔白滑,脉沉细涩等为常见症的证候。4.2.6 真寒假热证 syndrome of true cold with false heat泛指阴寒内盛,格阳于外,以既有手足厥冷,小便清长,大便清冷,舌淡苔白等真寒症状,又有身热反欲衣被,面色浮红,口渴欲热饮等假热表现的证候。4.2.7 寒热错挟杂证 syndrome of cold-heat complex泛指同一
24、病人、同一时期,既有寒证又有热证的表现 ,寒热交错并见的证候。4.2.8 血寒(凝滞)证 syndrome of blood cold (congealment and stagnation)寒邪客于血脉,凝滞气机,血行不畅,以恶寒,肢体麻木、冷痛,手足清冷,得热痛减,唇舌青紫,妇女月经后期、痛经、经色紫暗夹块,舌紫暗,苔白滑,脉迟沉涩等为常见症的证候。4.3 暑热(内郁)证 syndrome of summer-heat (interior stagnation)暑热侵袭,耗气伤津,以发热口渴,神疲气短,心烦头晕,汗出,小便短黄,舌红苔黄干等为常见症的证候。4.3.1 暑湿(内蕴)证 syn
25、drome of summer-dampness (interior accumulation)暑湿之邪交阻内蕴,以发热,口渴,神疲倦怠,肢体困重,关节酸痛,心烦面垢,汗出不彻,舌红苔黄腻,脉滑数等为常见症的证候。同义词:暑湿热郁证4.3.2 暑热动风证 syndrome of summer-heat stirring wind暑热炽盛,引动肝风,以高热,神昏,四肢抽搐,甚至角弓反张、牙关紧闭等为常见症的证候。4.3.3 暑闭气机证 syndrome of summer-heat blocking qi movement暑热卒中,闭阻气机,以突然昏倒,身热汗少,手足厥冷,气喘不语,牙关紧闭等为
26、常见症的证候。4.4 湿(浊困)阻证 syndrome of dampness (turbidity encumbrance ) obstruction湿浊邪气阻滞气机,以身体重困,关节、肌肉酸痛,屈伸不利,腹胀腹泻,食欲不振,苔滑脉濡等为常见症的证候。同义词:湿邪阻滞证4.4.1 湿阻气滞证 syndrome of dampness obstruction and qi stagnation湿邪阻困,气机郁滞, 以身体困重,脘腹胸胁等处胀闷或窜痛,苔滑或腻,脉弦等为常见症的证候。4.4.2 湿热(蕴结)证 syndrome of dampness-heat (accumulation and
27、 binding)湿热互结,热不得越,湿不得泄,以身热不扬,口渴不欲多饮,大便泄泻,小便短黄,舌红苔黄腻,脉滑数等为常见症的证候。4.4.2.1 湿重于热证 syndrome of dampness predominating over heat湿热蕴结,湿邪偏重,以发热身重,渴不多饮,小便不利,舌红,苔腻略黄,脉滑略数等为常见症的证候。4.4.2.2 热重于湿证 syndrome of heat predominating over dampness湿热蕴结,热邪偏重,以身热口渴,面红目赤,头身困重,便溏不爽,小便短少,舌红苔黄腻,脉濡数而滑等为常见症的证候。4.4.3 气分湿热证 synd
28、rome of qi aspect dampness-heat湿热侵迫气分,以身热不扬,胸闷腹胀,身目发黄,肢体困倦,呕恶,尿黄,舌红苔黄腻,脉濡数或滑数等为常见症的证候。4.4.4 湿热蕴蒸证 syndrome of dampness-heat accumulation and fumigation湿热蕴结熏蒸,以身热发寒,汗出热不退,或但头汗出,咽痛腮肿,肢酸困倦,尿短黄,舌红苔黄腻,脉濡数或滑数等为常见症的证候。4.4.5 湿热壅滞证 syndrome of dampness-heat congestion and stagnationGB/T XXXXX-XXXX6湿热邪气壅滞气机,以
29、身热口渴,头身沉重胀痛,胸闷腹胀,脘痞呕恶,便溏不爽,舌红苔黄腻,脉濡数或滑数等为常见症的证候。4.4.6 湿热侵淫证 syndrome of dampness-heat invading and spreading湿热邪气侵渍,以睑缘、耳、鼻、口角、手指、足趾等处红肿湿烂、瘙痒,溃破流水,舌红苔黄腻,脉滑数等为常见症的证候。4.4.7 湿热毒蕴疫毒证 syndrome of dampness-heat toxin pestilent toxin accumulation湿热毒邪蕴结,以发热身黄,神昏斑疹,小便闭涩,舌红苔黄腻,脉濡数或手足、耳鼻、头面、阴部等处红肿溃烂、瘙痒流水等为常见症的证
30、候。4.4.8 湿热瘀阻证 syndrome of dampness-heat stasis and obstruction湿热蕴结,血行瘀滞,以身热口渴,头身肢体沉重刺痛,胁下痞块,小便不利,便溏不爽,舌质紫红,苔黄而腻,脉滑数或涩等为常见症的证候。4.5 外燥证 syndrome of exterior dryness外界气候干燥,耗伤津液,以皮肤干燥,口鼻、咽喉干燥等为常见症的证候。4.5.1 温燥证 syndrome of warm-dryness温燥之邪侵袭,耗伤阴津,以发热,微恶风寒,干咳痰少,心烦口渴,皮肤及鼻咽干燥,小便短黄,舌苔薄黄,脉浮数等为常见症的证候。同义词:燥热证4.
31、5.2 凉燥证 syndrome of cool-dryness凉燥之邪侵袭,犯表伤肺,以恶寒重,发热轻,头痛无汗,口、鼻、咽干燥,咳嗽痰少,舌苔薄白而干,脉浮紧等为常见症的证候。同义词:寒燥证4.6 火邪热炽盛证 syndrome of intense pathogenic fire and heat火热内盛,以发热,口渴饮冷,胸腹灼热,面红目赤,大便秘结,小便短黄,舌红苔黄而干,脉数或洪等为常见症的证候。同义词:实火热证4.6.1 气分证 syndrome of qi aspect (exuberant heat)外感温热病邪内入脏腑气分,正盛邪实,邪正剧争,以壮热汗出,烦渴,尿赤便结,舌
32、红苔黄,脉洪或数等为常见症的证候。同义词:气分热盛证;热炽气分证4.6.2 营分证 syndrome of nutrient aspect (exuberant heat)温热病邪内陷,营阴受损,心神被扰,以身热夜甚,心烦不寐,神昏谵语,斑疹隐隐,舌质红绛,脉细而数等为常见症的证候。同义词:营分热盛证;热炽营分证;营热炽盛证4.6.3 血分证 syndrome of blood aspect温热病邪深入血分,耗血伤阴,动风动血,以壮热或低热,手足抽搐或蠕动,神昏谵语,斑疹紫黑,吐血衄血,舌质深绛等为常见症的证候。同义词:血热(内扰)证;热炽血分证4.6.3.1 血热动血证 syndrome o
33、f blood-heat with blood stirring温热病邪深入血分,迫血妄行,以吐血、鼻衄、齿衄、便血、尿血,斑疹透露、色紫或黑,身热口渴,心烦不寐,舌绛等为常见症的证候。4.6.3.2 血热动风证 syndrome of blood-heat stirring wind温热病邪深入血分,耗损阴血,筋脉失养,虚风内动,以手足蠕动或瘈疭,形体消瘦,神疲倦怠,齿干唇裂,舌绛无苔,脉数无力等为常见症的证候。4.6.3.3 血热风盛证 syndrome of blood-heat and exuberant wind温热病邪深入血分,邪热内盛,热极动风,以壮热肢厥,口渴饮冷,四肢抽搐,两
34、目上视,角弓反张,舌质红绛,苔黄而燥,脉弦数等为常见症的证候。4.6.3.4 血热化燥证 syndrome of blood-heat transforming into dryness热邪深入血分,伤阴化燥,以咽干口燥,大便干结,形瘦神疲,身热夜甚,渴不多饮,舌绛少苔少津,脉细数等为常见症的证候。4.6.3.5 血热瘀滞结证 syndrome of blood-heat stasis and stagnation bindingGB/T XXXXX-XXXX7热邪深入血分,气滞血瘀,以身热夜甚,烦躁不宁,渴欲漱口不欲咽,斑疹紫暗,舌绛紫而干,脉细数等为常见症的证候。4.6.3.6 血热挟湿证
35、 syndrome of blood-heat with dampness complication热邪深入血分,兼挟湿浊,以身热夜甚,渴不多饮,神识不清,头胀身重,斑疹显露,胸脘痞闷,舌绛苔黄腻,脉濡数等为常见症的证候。4.6.4 热入营血证 syndrome of heat entering the nutrient-blood温热病邪深入营血分,伤耗阴血,扰乱心神,以身热夜甚,心烦不寐,或神昏,渴不多饮,斑疹隐隐,或出血,便结尿黄,舌绛,脉细数等为常见症的证候。4.6.5 卫气同病证 syndrome of disease of both the defense and qi aspec
36、ts外感病中卫分证与气分证表现同存,以微恶风寒,壮热口渴,心烦汗出,舌红苔黄白,脉浮数等为常见症的证候。4.6.6 气营两燔证 syndrome of blazing of both the qi and nutrient aspects外感病中气分证与营分证表现同存,以壮热口渴,烦躁不宁,或神昏谵语,斑疹隐隐,便结尿黄,舌红或绛,脉洪数或细数等为常见症的证候。4.6.7 气血两燔证 syndrome of blazing of both the qi and blood aspects外感病中气分证与血分证表现同存,以壮热口渴,烦躁不宁,或神昏谵语,斑疹显露、色紫暗,或鼻衄、齿衄、便血、尿血
37、,舌绛,脉数等为常见症的证候。4.6.8 热盛动风证 syndrome of exuberant heat stirring wind邪热炽盛,引动肝风,以壮热口渴,神志昏迷,手足抽搐,颈项强直,角弓反张,牙关紧闭,舌红绛,苔黄,脉弦数等为常见症的证候。4.6.9 热盛动血证 syndrome of exuberant heat stirring blood邪热炽盛,迫血妄行,以壮热口渴,面红目赤,便血、尿血、衄血、或斑疹显露,舌红绛,苔黄,脉洪数等为常见症的证候。4.6.10 热盛郁气滞证 syndrome of exuberant stagnant heat and qi stagnati
38、on邪热炽盛,气机郁滞,以发热口渴,胸腹等处胀满、窜痛,便秘尿黄,舌红苔黄,脉弦数等为常见症的证候。4.6.11 热(极肢)厥证 syndrome of heat syncope (cold limbs)邪热炽盛,阳气内郁,不能达于四肢,以壮热口渴,烦躁不宁,胸腹灼热,手足厥冷,便秘尿黄,舌红苔黄,脉弦数等为常见症的证候。同义词:真热假寒证4.6.12 热盛酿脓证 syndrome of exuberant heat brewing pus邪热壅积,血肉腐败,酿成痈脓,以发热口渴,局部红灼肿痛、拒按,溃破流脓,舌红苔黄腻或黄腐,脉滑数等为常见症的证候。同义词:热盛肉腐证4.7 痰证 phleg
39、m syndrome痰浊内阻,以咳嗽气喘,咯痰量多,呕恶眩晕,或局部有圆滑肿块,苔腻脉弦滑等为常见症的证候。同义词:痰浊(阻滞)(凝聚)证4.7.1 风痰证 syndrome of wind-phlegm外风挟痰浊为患,或肝风痰浊内扰,以咯吐泡沫痰涎,胸闷,眩晕,头目胀痛,或喉中痰鸣,口眼喎斜,苔白腻,脉弦滑等为常见症的证候。4.7.2 寒痰证 syndrome of cold-phlegm寒邪与痰浊凝滞,以咯吐白痰,胸闷脘痞,气喘哮鸣,恶寒肢冷,苔白腻,脉弦滑或弦紧等为常见症的证候。4.7.3 湿痰证 syndrome of dampness-phlegm痰湿内阻,以咯吐痰多色白,或淡黄,痰
40、滑易咯,肢体困重,胸脘痞闷,食少口腻,甚则腹胀腹泻,面足浮肿,苔白腻,脉濡缓或滑等为常见症的证候。同义词:痰湿(阻滞)(内阻)证4.7.4 热痰证 syndrome of heat-phlegm痰浊与邪热互结,以咯吐黄痰,发热口渴,舌红苔黄腻,脉滑数等为常见症的证候。4.7.5 燥痰(蕴结)证 syndrome of dry phlegm (accumulation and binding)GB/T XXXXX-XXXX8燥热痰浊内蕴,以咳嗽,咯痰涩少不爽,或痰粘成块,或痰中带血,胸闷胸痛,口鼻干燥,舌干少津,脉涩或细数等为常见症的证候。4.7.6 痰气互郁结证 syndrome of phl
41、egm and qi binding stagnation痰气相互阻结,以情志抑郁,失眠多梦,或觉喉中有物梗阻,胸胁满闷,痰多,苔白腻,脉弦滑等为常见症的证候。4.7.7 痰瘀互搏结证 syndrome of phlegm and stasis binding struggle 痰浊瘀血相互搏结,以局部肿块刺痛,或肢体麻木、痿废,胸闷痰多,或痰中带紫暗血块,舌紫暗或有斑点,苔腻,脉弦涩等为常见症的证候。同义词:瘀痰内阻证;血瘀痰凝证4.7.8 痰瘀化热证 syndrome of phlegm and stasis transforming into heat痰瘀互结,日久化热,以患处肿硬、灼热
42、、刺痛,胸闷,咯痰色黄或夹血块,舌暗红或有斑点,苔黄腻,脉弦涩等为常见症的证候。4.7.9 痰热气滞证 syndrome of phlegm-heat and qi stagnation痰热内蕴,阻滞气机,以心烦易怒,胸胁胀闷、走窜灼痛,咳嗽气喘,咯痰黄稠,发热口渴,舌红苔黄腻,脉弦数等为常见症的证候。4.7.10 痰热内扰阻盛证 syndrome of harassment obstruction exuberance of interior phlegm-heat痰热内盛,扰乱心神、气机,以咳嗽气喘,咯痰黄稠,发热口渴,烦躁不宁,失眠多梦,舌红苔黄腻,脉滑数等为常见症的证候。同义词:痰热搏
43、蕴结证;痰火郁结内扰证4.7.11 痰热内闭证 syndrome of interior block of phlegm-heat痰热内蕴,阻闭心神,以胸胁胀闷、灼痛,咳嗽气喘,咯痰黄稠,或有哮鸣,发热口渴,或神志昏迷,谵语狂乱,或昏仆喉中痰鸣,舌红苔黄腻,脉滑数等为常见症的证候。4.7.12 痰热动风证 syndrome of phlegm-heat stirring wind痰热内盛,引动肝风,以胸胁胀闷,咳嗽气喘,发热口渴,咯痰黄稠,或喉中痰鸣,四肢抽搐,或眩晕呕恶,舌红苔黄腻,脉滑数等为常见症的证候。4.7.13 痰结毒滞证 syndrome of phlegm binding and
44、 toxin stagnation痰浊与邪毒蕴结,以胸闷,咳嗽痰多,局部包块、麻木硬痛不移,或溃后流脓水腥腐秽臭,苔垢腻等为常见症的证候。4.7.14 痰食互结证 syndrome of phlegm and food binding痰浊与宿食互结,阻滞气机,以胸脘痞闷、胀痛,咳嗽吐痰,食少腹胀,呕吐痰涎宿食,苔腐腻,脉弦滑等为常见症的证候。4.7.15 痰虫互搏结证 syndrome of phlegm and worm binding struggle痰浊与虫体搏结,蕴聚体内,以胸闷咯痰,或头痛固定,或突然昏仆、口吐痰涎,或肢体触及包块,苔腻 脉滑等为常见症的证候。4.7.16 痰湿瘀滞证
45、 syndrome of phlegm-dampness stasis and stagnation痰湿内阻,气血瘀滞,以胸闷脘痞、胀痛或刺痛,头身困重,疲乏嗜睡,或肌肤肿硬、麻木,舌淡紫或有斑点,苔滑腻,脉弦涩等为常见症的证候。4.7.17 痰核留结证 syndrome of lingering and binding of phlegm nodule痰浊结块,留滞不消,以颈项、肢体等处皮下生核,甚或成串,圆滑质硬、推之可移、不红不热不痛,苔腻,脉弦滑等为常见症的证候。4.8 水饮内停证 syndrome of interior fluid retention水饮停聚体腔,以眩晕,胸脘痞闷,
46、呕吐清水、涎液,苔滑,脉弦等为常见症的证候。同义词:饮证4.9 水停气证 syndrome of water qi retention水湿停聚体内,以肢体浮肿,小便不利,或腹大痞胀,身体困重,舌淡胖,苔白滑,脉濡缓等为常见症的证候。4.10 气滞证 syndrome of qi stagnationGB/T XXXXX-XXXX9某些脏腑或局部气机阻滞,以胸胁脘腹胀闷疼痛,时轻时重,走窜不定,胀痛常随太息、嗳气、肠鸣、矢气而减,脉弦等为常见症的证候。同义词:气机阻滞郁结证4.10.1 气滞血瘀证 syndrome of qi stagnation and blood stasis气机阻滞,血行
47、不畅,瘀血阻滞以胸胁脘腹胀闷窜痛,偶有刺痛,或有痞块、时散时聚,舌紫或有斑点,脉弦涩等为常见症的证候。同义词:气血瘀滞证4.10.2 气滞郁痰凝阻证 syndrome of qi stagnation depression and phlegm congealment obstruction气机郁滞,痰浊内阻,以胸胁脘腹胀闷窜痛,或有圆滑痞块,或肌肤肿硬麻木,情绪抑郁,吐白痰,苔白腻,脉弦滑等为常见症的证候。4.10.3 气滞湿阻困证 syndrome of qi stagnation and dampness obstruction encumbrance气机郁滞,湿浊内阻,以胸胁脘腹胀闷窜
48、痛,恶心欲吐,肢体困重,头晕嗜睡,或有浮肿,苔白腻,脉弦滑或濡缓等为常见症的证候。4.10.4 气滞热壅证 syndrome of qi stagnation and heat congestion气机郁滞,邪热壅盛,以胸胁脘腹胀痛或灼痛,发热口渴,舌红苔黄,脉弦数等为常见症的证候。4.10.5 气郁滞化火热证 syndrome of qi depression stagnation transforming into fire heat气机阻滞,日久化火,以情绪抑郁,烦躁易怒,胸胁胀闷、灼痛,口苦口干,舌红苔黄,脉弦数等为常见症的证候。4.10.6 气滞水停证 syndrome of qi
49、stagnation and water retention气机阻滞,水液内停,以肢体浮肿,小便不利,头身困重,胸胁脘腹胀闷、窜痛,舌淡苔白滑,脉弦缓等为常见症的证候。4.11 气(机上)逆证 syndrome of qi (movement) counterflow泛指气机逆乱向上,以咳嗽气喘,或恶心、呕吐、呃逆、嗳气,或觉气从少腹上冲胸咽,胸胁胀闷,头胀眩晕等为常见症的证候。4.12 气闭证 syndrome of qi block气机闭塞不通,以脘腹绞痛,或阵发走窜剧痛,无肠鸣矢气,二便不通,或突然昏厥,牙关紧闭,肢体强直等为常见症的证候。同义词:气机壅闭闭塞证4.13 血瘀证 syndrome of blood stasis瘀血内阻,血行不畅,以局部出现青紫肿块、疼痛拒按,或腹内癥块、刺痛不移、拒按,或出血紫暗成块,舌紫或有斑点,脉弦涩等为常见症的证候。同义词:瘀血内阻阻滞证4.13.1 血瘀气滞证 syndrome of blood s