1、2014 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(大纲卷) 英 语 第二部分 英语知识运用 (共两节,满分 45 分 ) 第一节 单项填空 (共 15 小题 : 每小题 1 分,满分 15 分 ) 从 A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中 , 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 21. - Im sorry for breaking the cup. - Oh, _ -Ive got plenty. A. forget it B. my pleasure C. help yourself D. pardon me 解析: 本题的四个选项都是交际用语中常考的内容。 A 没关系(回答对方的道歉)!得了吧(否定
2、对方的提议)! B 我的荣幸(帮助对方做完某件事情后面回答对方的感谢)。 C 请自便; D 原谅我。 句意 : 对不起,我打破了杯子。 没关系,我有很多杯子的。根据 句意 说明 A 正确。 答案: A 22. Unless extra money_, the theatre will close. A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found 解析: 本题 考查 的是时态。 句意 :除非找到另外的投资,否则这个电影院就监视被关闭。本句中 Unless 引导的是一个条件状语从句,使用一般现在时代替将来时,后面的主句使用将来时。根据 句意 可知 money
3、和 find 构成被动关系,所以也要使用被动语态。故 C 正确。 答案: C 23. Toady there are more airplanes _ more people than ever before in the skies. A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to be carrying 解析: 本题 考查 的是非谓语动词中的分词做定语用法。动词 carry 与前面的名词 airplanes 构成逻辑上的主动关系,所以使用现在分词短语 carrying more people than ever before 在句中做定语。相当于短语从句 whi
4、ch carry more people than ever before.句意 :现在太空中有更多的能够运载比以前的飞机运载更多的乘客的飞机。故 B 正确。 答案: B 24. Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. A. whether B. why C. when D. how 解析: 本题 考查 的是名词性从句中的主语从句。在本句中 Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe.句意
5、 :土豆确切是在何时被引进到欧洲还不确定,但是大约是在 1565年左右。 whether 表示 是否 , why 表示 原因 ; how 表示 方式 。根据后半句 it was probably around 1565.可知本句谈论的是时间。故 C 正确。 答案: C 25. - Whos that at the door? - _ is the milkman. A. He B. It C. This D. That 解析: 本题是一个强调句型的省略形式。在 milkman 后面省略了 that is at the door。 句意 : 门旁边的是谁啊? 站在们旁边的是送牛奶的人。强调句型的
6、基本结构是 It is/was+被强调成分 that/who+其他成分。故 B 正 确。 答案: B 26. _ the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well. A. Not do only B. Do not only C. Only not do D. Not only do 解析: 当否定词或者班否定词放在句首的时候,后面的句子要使用部分倒装的形式。本句中的 not only 提前至句首,后面要使用部分倒装的形式。符合这一要求的只有 D 项。 句意 :护士不仅想要提高工资,他们还想要减少工作时间。根据 句意
7、 可知 D 项正确。 答案: D 27. Raymonds parents wanted him to have _ possible education. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 解析: 句意 : Raymond 的父母亲想要他得到最好的可能的教育。本句是常识,父母亲当然希望自己的孩子能够得到最好的教育,有最好的发展前途。故 D 正确。 答案: D 28. I think Mrs. Stark could be _ between 50 and 60 years of age. A. anywhere B. anybody C. anyho
8、w D. anything 解析: A 任何地方; B 任何人; C 无论如何,不管怎么样; D 如何事情;本 句 考查 的是 anywhere的一个特殊用法:(指某个范围内)任何一点上;如: My visits lasted anywhere from three weeks to two months.我每次逗留时间从 3 个星期到两个月不等。本句 句意 :我认为 Mrs. Stark 可能是在 50 岁至 60 岁之间的 任何 一个年龄。故 A 正确。 答案: A 29. September 30 is the day _ which you must pay your bill. A.
9、 by B. for C. with D. in 解析: 介词 by 到 时为止;通过; for 为了,因为; with 和 ; in 在 里面; 句意 :你必须在 9 月 30 日这一天之前付账单的。根据句义可知本句中的 by 表示到 时为止。故A 正确。 答案: A 30. Although you _ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop. A. should B. need C. must D. can 解析: should 应该,竟然; need 需要; must 必须,一定;非得,偏偏; c
10、an 能够,可能,有时会 ; 句意 :尽管你有时可能会在伦敦找到便宜货,但总得说来那不是一个购物的便宜的地方。根据 句意 可知 can 表示有时可能,有时会 ;故 D 正确。 答案: D 31. Caroline doesnt have a gift for music, but she _ it with hard work. A. goes back on B. takes away from C. makes up for D. catches up with 解析: 动词短语 。 go back on 背弃,违约;回到; take away from 夺走,剥夺; make up fo
11、r弥补 ;补偿 ; catch up with 追上,赶上 ; 句意 : Caroline 没有音乐天赋,但是他通过勤奋努力来弥补自己的不足。根据 句意 说明 C 项正确。 答案: C 32. The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _ them since. A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen 解析: 句意 :这些报告在 2012 年就不见了,从那以后没有人看见过它们。本句的关键词是since 自从那时。根据 句意 可知是指自从 2012 年这些文件不见 时 开始,到现在为止没有人看见。 Since 经
12、常和现在完成时连用的。故 C 正确。 答案: C 33. _ me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result. A. Calling B. Call C. To call D. Having called 解析: 本题 考查 的是 祈使句 +连词 +陈述句 的固定句式。该句式相当于 If 条件句 +主句 。句意 :明天给我打电话,我就告诉你实验结果。相当于 I you call me tomorrow, I will let you know the lab result。因为本句中有连词 and,说明前面这一部分应该是一个完整的句子, ACD三
13、项都不能引起一个完整的句子,只有动词原形 call 放在句首,引起祈使句。故 B 正确。 答案: B 34. Henry was away from home for quite a bit and _ saw his family. A. frequently B. seldom C. always D. usually 解析: 副词 frequently 频繁地,经常地; seldom 很少; always 总是,一直; usually 通常。 句意 : Harry 已经离开家有一段时间了,他很少看见他的父亲。根据 句意 可知他已经离开家了,那么很少有和父亲见面的机会。故使用副词 seld
14、om 表示否定。故 B 正确。 答案: B 35. - What did you do last weekend? - Nothing _. A. much B. else C. ever D. yet 解析: 本题中的固定搭配 nothing much 没什么,很少; nothing else 没有别的事情。 句意 : 上个周末你干嘛了? 我什么也没有做。根据 句意 可知表示的是否定 含义 。故 A 正确。 答案: A 第二节 完形填空 (共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 30 分 ) 阅读下面短文 .从短文后各题所给的四个选项 (A、 B. C 和 D )中 ,选出可以填入空白处的
15、最佳选项。 Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top 36 but on their way back conditions were very 37 . Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon 38 alone, he would probably get back 39 . But Si
16、mon decided to risk his 40 and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳) . As they 41 down, the weather got worse. Then another 42 occurred. They couldnt see or hear each other and, 43 , Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁) . It was 44 for Joe to climb back or for Simon to
17、 pull him up. Joes 45 was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. 46 , after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to 47 . In tears, he cut the rope. Joe 48 into a large crevasse(裂缝) in the ice below. He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. He couldnt walk, but h
18、e 49 to get out of the crevasse and started to 50 towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers 51 . Simon had 52 the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be 53 , but he didnt want to leave 54 . Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joes voice. He couldnt 55 it. Jo
19、e was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive. 36. A. hurriedly B. carefully . C. successfully D. early 37. A. difficult B. similar C. special D. normal 38. A. climbed B. worked C. rested . D. continued 39. A. unwillingly B. safely C. slowly D. regretfully 40. A. fortune B. time C. health D
20、. life 41. A. lay B. settled C. went D. looked 42. A. damage B. storm C. change D. trouble 43. A. by mistake B. by chance C. by chance D. by luck 44. A. unnecessary B. practical C. important D. impossible 45. A. height B. weight C. strength . D. equipment 46. A. Finally B. Patiently C. Surely D. Qui
21、ckly 47. A. stand back B. take a rest C. make a decision D. hold on 48. A. jumped B. fell C. escaped D. backed 49. A. managed B. planned C. waited D. hoped 50. A. run B. skate C. move D. march 51. A. around B. away C. above D. along 52. A. headed for B. travelled C. left for D. returned to 53. A. de
22、ad B. hurt C. weak D. late 54. A. secretly B. tiredly C. immediately D. anxiously 55. A. find B. believe C. make D. accept 21. 解析: 考察副词辨析及上下文串联。 A 匆忙地; B 细心地; C 成功地; D 早;根据 on their way back 在回来的路上,说明他们都成功地登上了 Siula Grande。故 C 项正确。 答案: C 22. 解析: 考察形容词辨析及上下文理解。 A 困难的; B 相似的; C 特别的; D 正常的;根据 26空 the w
23、eather got worse 天气更糟糕了,说明在他们返回的路上情况变得很糟糕,很困难了。故 A 正确。 答案: A 23. 解析: 考察动词词义辨析及语境理解。 A 攀登; B 工 作,起作用; C 休息; D 继续; Joe 摔断了腿。如果 Simon 独自一人继续返回,他会安全到达营地。但是如果他想带着 Joe 一起回去,可能谁都无法安全返回。根据句义说明 D 正确。 答案: D 24. 解析: 考察副词词义辨析及预计理解。 A 不愿意地; B 安全地; C 慢慢地; D 遗憾地;如果Simon 独自一人继续返回,他会安全到达营地。故 B 正确。 答案: B 25. 解析: 考察名词
24、辨析和上下文串联。从下文他帮助 Joe 一起回去,可知他冒着失去生命的危险,用登山绳帮助 Joe 下山。故 D 正确。 答案: D 26. 解析: 考察动词短语辨析。 Lie down 躺下; settle down 定居,解决; go down 下降; look down看不起;向下看;当他们两个人从山顶上向下返回的时候,天气变得更为糟糕了。 答案: C 27. 解析: 考察名词词义辨析及语境理解。 A 破坏; B 暴风雨; C 改变; D 麻烦事;根据下一句They couldnt see or hear each other 本来 Joe 受伤了,已经是一件很麻烦的事情了。他们相互之间看
25、不件对方,对于他们来说这又是一件麻烦的事情。故 D 项正确。 答案: D 28. 解析: 考察介词短语 辨析及语境理解。 A错误地; B 偶然地; D 侥幸;根据下一句 Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice 可知 Simon 错误地把 Joe 送到了峭壁边上。主要是因为他们看不见对方而导致的错误。 答案: A 29. 解析: 考察形容词词义辨析及上下文串联。 A 不必要地; B 实用的; C 重要的; D 不可能;因为 Joe 的腿已经断了,所以他不可能自己爬上来。 Simon 根本看不见 Joe 也不可能会把他拉上来的。所
26、以使用 D 项符合上下文串联。 答案: D 30. 解析: 考察名词词义辨析及上下文串联。 A 高度; B 体重; C 力气; D 设备;根据 pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice.可知 Simon 也被拉着向峭壁这边过来了,主要是因为 Joe 的体重。因为他们两个人系在一根绳子上,所以 Joe 拉着 Simon 向峭壁过去了。 答案: B 31. 解析: 考察副词词义辨析及上下文串联。 A 最后,终于; B 耐心地; C 确切地; D 迅速地;最后在黑暗里斗争了一个多小时以后, Simon 不得不做出了一个艰难的决定,砍断绳索。如果不砍断绳索,
27、两个人都会死去。故 A 项符合上 下文串联。 答案: A 32. 解析: 考察短语辨析及语境理解。 A 避开; B 休息; C 做出决定; D 坚持,别挂断; Simon不得不做出了一个艰难的决定,砍断绳索。如果不砍断绳索,两个人都会死去。 答案: C 33. 解析: 考察动词词义辨析及上下文串联。 A 跳跃; B 摔倒,跌倒; C 逃脱; D 支持;流着眼泪, Simon 砍断了绳索, Joe 摔倒在下面的冰上一个巨大的裂缝中。 答案: B 34. 解析: 考察动词词义辨析及语境理解。 A 设法;管理; B 计划; C 等待; D 希望; Joe 没有食物也没有水而且浑身疼痛。他无法步行,但
28、是他设法从裂缝了爬了出来。开始朝着营地的方向移动着。 答案: A 35. 解析: 考察动词词义辨析及语境串联。 A 奔跑; B 滑冰; C 移动; D 行军;前进;从上文可知 Joe 已经摔断了腿,所以他不可能是奔跑,滑冰或者行军前进,他只能是在地上爬着前进。 答案: C 36. 解析: 考察副词词义辨析及语境串联。 A 大约,四处; B 在远处,离开; C 在上面; D 成行,沿着;他只能是在地上爬着前进。朝着大约 10 英里之外的营地爬过去。 Away 和具体的表示距离的名词连用,表示 . 之外的地方。 答案 : B 37. 解析: 考察动词短语辨析及语境串联。 A 朝 过去; B 旅游;
29、 C 出发去某地; D 返回; Simon把 Joe 丢下以后,他自己很快就回到了营地。根据句义说明 D 项正确。 答案: D 38. 解析: 考察形容词辨析及上下文串联。 A 死的; B 受伤的; C 虚弱的; D 迟的,晚的;因为Joe 摔倒了腿,而且又掉进来冰裂缝了,所以 Simon 认为他肯定无法幸存下来了。所以使用A 正确。 答案: A 39. 解析: 考察副词词义辨析及语境理解。 A 秘密地; B 疲惫地; C 立刻,马上; D 焦虑地;虽然他认为 Joe 肯定死了,但是他也不想立刻就离开这 个营地,就又在营地里住了下来。 答案: C 40. 解析: 考察动词词义辨析及上下文串联。
30、 A 发现; B 相信,认为; C 生成,制作; D 接受;三天以后在半夜里,当他听见 Joe 的声音的是,他无法相信这竟然是真的, Joe 竟然活了下来。 答案: B 第三部分 阅读理解(共 20 小题,每小题 2 分,满分 40 分 ) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项 (A, B, C 和 D)中,选出最佳选项。 A Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and ou
31、r children. During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport(护照) . He reported the case to the police an
32、d then sat there, lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husbands name and w
33、as asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶) that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents(文件) . Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a p
34、ile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only restored th
35、e important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way. 56. What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney? A. Go shopping B. Find a house C. Join his family D. Take his family 57. The girls
36、parents got Rashids phone number from_. A. a friend of his family B. a Sydney policeman C. a letter in his papers D. a stranger in Sydney 58. What does the underlined word restored in the last paragraph mean? A. Showed B. Sent out C. Delivered D. Gave back 59. Which of the following can be the best
37、title for the text? A. From India to Australia. B. Living in a New Country. C. Turning Trash to Treasure. D. In Search of New Friends. 56. 解析: 细节题。根据文章第一段 Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for
38、 a house for me and our children.中的 while looking for a house for me and our children 可知我的丈夫到了悉尼稍作停留之后就开始为我和孩子找房子了。说明找房子是丈夫计划要做的事情。故 B 正确。 答案: B 57. 解析: 细节题。根据文章倒数第二段后 3 行 Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.孩子的父母亲仔细把这些文件进行分类,尽管里面有很多他们不熟悉的外国地址。最后他们找到了 a half-written letter一封写了一半的信,信里有丈夫给朋友的电话号码。根据电话号码他们找到了我的丈夫。故 C 项正确。 答案: C