1、医学英语常用解剖术语1、总论Introductionsuperior 上inferior 下Cranial 头侧Caudal尾侧anterior前posterior后ventral腹侧dorsal背侧medial内侧lateral 外侧internal 内external外superficial浅profundal深proximal近侧distal远侧ulnar尺侧radial桡侧tibial胫侧fibular腓侧2、运动系统locomotor （kinetic） systemvertebrae椎骨cervical vevtebrae颈椎 thoracic vertebrae胸椎lumbar
2、vertebrae腰椎sacrum 骶骨sternum胸骨rib 肋骨thoracic cage胸廓skull颅frontal bone额骨parietal bone顶骨occipital bone枕骨temporal bone颞骨sphenoid bone蝶骨 ethmoid bone筛骨mandible （submaxilla ） 下颌骨maxilla （supermaxilla ）上颌骨nasal bone鼻骨coronal （sagital， lambdoid） suture 冠状（矢状，人字）缝orbit眶clavicle 锁骨scapula （shoulder blade）肩胛骨s
3、ternum （breast bone） 胸骨manubrium sterni （presternum）胸骨柄midsternum胸骨体xiphoid剑突humerus肱骨radius 桡骨ulna尺骨carpal bone腕骨metacarpal bone 掌骨 phalanges指（趾）骨 hip bone髋骨ilium髂骨ischium 坐骨pubis耻骨femur 股骨patella髌骨tibia胫骨fibula 腓骨articulation关节ligament韧带flexion屈extension伸adduction 收abduction 展medial rotation旋内late
4、ral rotation旋外pronation旋前supination旋后circumductoin环转vertebral column脊柱intervertebral disc椎间盘temporal-mandibular joint颞下颌关节shoulder joint肩关节 elbow joint肘关节radiocarpal joint肩关节 radiocarpal joint桡腕关节 pelvis骨盆hip joint髋关节knee joint膝关节ankle joint踝关节muscle 肌肉tendon肌腱fascia筋膜tendinous sheath腱鞘trapezius斜方肌l
5、atissimus dorsi背阔肌sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突的 scalenus 斜角肌 pectoralis major胸大肌intercostales肋间肌diaphragm膈肌inguinal canal腹股沟管masseter咬肌temporalis颞肌 deltoid 三角肌biceps brachii肱二头肌 triceps brachii肱三头肌 axillary fossa 腑窝 gluteus maximus臀大肌piriformis梨状肌 sartorius缝匠肌quadriceps femoris股四头肌triceps surae小腿三头肌femor
6、al triangle股三角3、内脏Visceraviscera内脏oral cavity口腔lip唇cheek颊palate腭tooth牙dentes牙tongue舌parotid gland腮腺 pharynx 咽esophagus 食管stomach gaster胃duodenum 十二指肠 jejunum空肠ileum 回肠large intestine大肠 caecum盲肠vermiform （appendix）阑尾colon结肠rectum直肠anal canal肛管dentate line齿状线anus肛门liver （hepar） 肝porta hepatis肝门 gallbl
7、ader胆囊pancreas胰nose鼻nasal cavity鼻腔paranasal sinus鼻旁窦larynx喉laryngeal cavity喉腔vocal cord声带trachea气管bronchi支气管lung 肺pulmonary肺的pleura 胸膜mediastinum纵隔 kidney肾renal pilvis肾盂ureter 输尿管urinary bladder膀胱urethra尿道testis 睾丸epididymis 附睾ductus deferens输精管spermatic cord精索prostate前列腺scrotum阴囊penis阴茎ovary卵巢uteri
8、ne tube输卵管 uterus子宫vagina阴道clitoris 阴蒂mamma （breast）乳房mammary papilla （nipple ） 乳头perineum会阴pelvic diaphragm盆膈peritoneum腹膜omentum网膜4 、心血管系统Cardiovascular systemheart心artery动脉vein静脉capillary 毛细血管 atrium心房ventricle 心室tricuspid valve三尖瓣bicuspid valve二尖瓣aortic valve主动脉瓣pulmonary valve肺动脉瓣 sinuatrial nod
9、e窦房结atrioventricular node房室结atrioventricular bundle房室束right/left bundle branch右/左束支coronary artery冠状动脉coronary sinus冠状窦pericardium 心包aorta主动脉innominate artery无名动脉（头臂干）common carotid artery颈总动脉carotid sinus 颈动脉窦internal（external） carotid artery颈内（外）动脉facial artery面动脉subclavian artery锁骨下动脉mesenteric a
10、rtery肠系膜动脉common iliac artery髂总动脉 popliteal artery 腘动脉vena cava 腔静脉internal jugular vein颈内静脉cephalic vein头静脉 basilic vein贵要静脉 saphenous vein隐静脉lymphatic duct淋巴导管thoracic duct胸导管lymph node淋巴结spleen 脾thymus胸腺5、感觉器sense organssensory organ感觉器receptor感受器visual organ视器 eyeball 眼球cornea 角膜sclera巩膜choroid
11、脉络膜ciliary body睫状体iris 虹膜retina 视网膜optic disc视神经盘macula lutea黄斑aqueous humor房水 lens晶状体vitreous body玻璃体 eyelid 眼睑conjunctiva结膜lacrimal gland泪腺vestibulocochlear organ前庭蜗器ear （ auris） 耳auricle耳廓acoustic meatus耳道tympanic cavity鼓室tympanic membrane鼓膜pharyngotympanic tube 咽鼓管bony（membranous ） labyrinth骨（膜）迷路vestibule 前庭semicircular canal半规管
