1、DAMA实验新进展,马欣华2011年3月18日21世纪第二个十年的宇宙学研讨会,DAMA/R&D,DAMA/LXe,low bckg DAMA/Ge for sampling meas.,DAMA/NaIDAMA/LIBRA,http:/people.roma2.infn.it/dama,DAMA: an observatory for rare processes LNGS,Roma2,Roma1,LNGS,IHEP/Beijing,+ by-products and small scale expts.: INR-Kiev, Ukraine+ neutron meas.: ENEA-Fra
2、scati+ in some studies on bb decays (DST-MAE project): IIT Kharagpur, India,1400m rock coverage, 3000m.e.w.,中国、意大利合作,1992至今,20年,内容,DAMA/NaI+LIBRA实验原理实验设置实验结果下一步计划,地球可看作天然的回旋器,造成暗物质信号的周期性调制变化,暗物质信号的年周期调制必然具有六个重要的特征:呈cosine 函数周期一年初相位(极大值处)约为六月二号调制幅度7%(halo分布的要求)单击中事例低能区的事例这六个重要的特征是本底所不全具备的,因而据此可把 暗物质和
3、本底区分开。对探测系统的要求:低放射性、低本底、低探测阈能、高灵敏度、大规模、长期观测与长期稳定性。,vsun 232 km/s (Sun velocity in the halo) vorb = 30 km/s (Earth velocity around the Sun) = p/3 w = 2p/T T = 1 year t0 = 2nd June (when v is maximum),DAMA/NaI+LIBRA :年调制,模型无关,v(t) = vsun + vorb cosgcosw(t-t0),DAMA/NaI+LIBRA,既对重质量暗物质敏感(I),又对轻质量暗物质敏感(Na
4、),晶体可以得到所有的信号(核反冲 ,电子反冲,电磁辐射),年调制,模型无关,我们周围到处都有暗物质,能做直接探测,NaI(Tl)晶体探测器,55 modules array每个module9.7kg 低本底NaI(Tl)2石英光导2PMT,多层屏蔽,检测/预警系统,三级HPN2 排除氡,在低能区、高能区都作了精细标定,在阈能附近的噪音去除,PMT噪音和闪烁信号时间特征不同,衰减分别为x10ns,240ns,PSD去除噪音是在数据分析中唯一采用的步骤,2-5 keV,2-6 keV,A=(0.01830.0022) cpd/kg/keV2/dof = 75.7/79 8.3 C.L.,2-4
5、keV,A=(0.01440.0016) cpd/kg/keV2/dof = 56.6/79 9.0 C.L.,A=(0.01140.0013) cpd/kg/keV2/dof = 64.7/79 8.8 C.L.,Acosw(t-t0) ; continuous lines: t0 = 152.5 d, T = 1.00 y,single-hit: 2-6keV模型无关年调制结果,single-hit events,运行稳定性,各个参量变化很小,对年调制没有贡献,SourceMain commentCautious upperlimit (90%C.L.)RADONSealed Cu box
6、 in HP Nitrogen atmosphere,2.510-6 cpd/kg/keV3-level of sealing, etc.TEMPERATUREInstallation is air conditioned+detectors in Cu housings directly in contact10-4 cpd/kg/keVwith multi-ton shield huge heat capacity + T continuously recordedNOISEEffective full noise rejection near threshold10-4 cpd/kg/k
7、eV ENERGY SCALERoutine + instrinsic calibrations1-2 10-4 cpd/kg/keVEFFICIENCIESRegularly measured by dedicated calibrations 10-4 cpd/kg/keV BACKGROUNDNo modulation above 6 keV;no modulation in the (2-6) keV10-4 cpd/kg/keV multiple-hits events;this limit includes all possible sources of backgroundSID
8、E REACTIONS Muon flux variation measured at LNGS 5),这是与地球大气温度变化相符合的。比较而言,DAMA相位是May 26th(1467days),是与地球速度矢量变化相符合的。两者相差5.6。,估算得到子造成的年调制上限为6keV测到multiple-hits: 没有测到年调制,DAMA/NaI+LIBRA :年调制,模型无关,single-hit:6keV没有年调制信号,single-hit: 2-6keV 8.8,满足全部六大暗物质年调制特征,multiple-hits: 没有年调制信号,各稳定性参量变化很小,对年调制没有贡献,系统误差以
9、及边界反应不可能对年调制结果造成影响,WIMP: SI,Evans power law,15 GeV,100-120 GeV,N.F.W.,WIMP: SI & SD,Evans power law,15 GeV,100 GeV,N.F.W.,LDM, bosonic DM,mL=0, = 2.435,年调制信号的物理解释:与多种理论模型相一致,比如, W has two mass states + , - with mass splitting Kinematical constraint for iDM,DAMA/NaI+DAMA/LIBRASlices from the 3-dimens
10、ional allowed volume,In the Inelastic DM (iDM) scenario, WIMPs scatter into an excited state, split from the ground state by an energy comparable to the available kinetic energy of a Galactic WIMP., - + N + + N,iDM interaction on Iodine nuclei,年调制信号的物理解释:与多种理论模型相一致,比如iDM,DAMA/NaI+LIBRA性能,升级后的亮点:新PMT
11、有更高的量子效率,从5.5-7.5ph.e./keV提高到约10ph.e./keV,更低的探测阈能,噪声1ph.e.(1sigma),那末探测阈能理想值能达到0.1keV,实验上完全有把握使阈能降到0.5keV相当于5ph.e.(5sigma),为探测低质量暗物质提供了重要条件。DAMA探测器具有现有暗物质实验中最低的放射性本底(U-238、Th-232、K-40 等 达到1 ppt),而新PMT有更低的放射性,这样DAMA探测器的本底会更低在低能区依然保持较强的channeling效应(Quenching factor1),依然是较大规模(250kg)、长期稳定运行,这是保证观测成功的重要条件。,升级后的亮点以及预计新的结果,阈能0.5keV,事例率0.2count/keV/day/kg,DAMA/LIBRA 下一步工作,继续运行,分析新的数据,预期在低质量暗物质(LWIMP和axion-like)观测将有新结果,并且可对各种暗物质物理模型给出更强的限定,研究二级效应R&D towards a possible 1 TON ULB NaI(Tl) set-up experiment DAMA,谢谢,