1、键入文字第一章 绪 论【专业英语词汇】生理学 physiology内环境 internal environment神经调节 nervous regulation体液调节 humoral regulation旁分泌 paracrine自身调节 autoregulation正反馈 positive feedback组织液 interstitial fluid稳态 homeostasis反射弧 reflex arc激素 hormone神经分泌 neurosecretion, neurocrine负反馈 negative feedback前馈 feed-forward第二章 细胞的基本功能【专业英语词
2、汇】单纯扩散 simple diffusion失活 inactivation钠-钾泵 sodium-potassium pump入胞 endocytosis易化扩散 facilitated diffusion主动转运 active transport出胞 exocytosis化学门控通道 chemically gated channel跨膜信号转导 transmembrane signal transduction电压门控通道 voltage-gated channel 促离子型受体 ionotrpic receptor鸟苷酸结合蛋白, G-蛋白 guanine uncleotide-bind
3、ing protein, G-protein环一磷酸腺苷 cycle adenosine monophosphate, cAMP第二信使 second messenger三磷酸肌醇 inositol triphosphate, IP3G-蛋白耦联受体 G-protein coupled receptor酪氨酸激酶受体 tyrosine kinase receptor兴奋性 excitability刺激 stimulus阈值 threshold动作电位 action potential超极化 hyperpolarization复极化 repolarization锋电位 spike potenti
4、al膜片钳 patch clamp相对不应期 relative refractory period局部兴奋 local excitation时间性总和 temporal summation跳跃式传导 saltatory conduction终板电位 end-plate potential胆碱酯酶 cholinesterase滑行理论 sliding theory等长收缩 isometric contraction完全强直收缩 complete tetanus后负荷 afterload长度-张力曲线 length-tension curve磷脂酶 C phospholipase C二酰甘油 di
5、acylglycerol, DG促代谢型受体 metabotropic receptor一氧化氮 nitric oxide, NO兴奋 excitation阈强度 threshold intensity静息电位 resting potential极化 polarization去极化(除极化) depolarization超射 overshoot (potential)“全或无”现象 “all or none” phenomenon绝对不应期 absolute refractory period阈电位 threshold (membrane) potential电紧张性扩布 electroton
6、ic propagation空间性总和 spatial summation量子式释放 quantal release乙酰胆碱 acetylcholine, ACh兴奋-收缩耦联 excitation-contraction coupling等张收缩 isotonic contraction单收缩 single twitch前负荷 preload初长度 initial length(肌肉)收缩能力 contractility (of muscle)张力-速度 (关系 )曲线 force velocity (relation) curve钙调蛋白 calmodulin, CaM七队生理资料1第三章
7、 血 液【专业英语词汇】血浆 plasma粘滞性 viscosity胶体渗透压 colloid osmotic pressure造血微环境 hemopoietic microenvironment血细胞比容 hematocrit晶体渗透压 crystal osmotic pressure渗透脆性 osmotic fragility悬浮稳定性 suspension stability红细胞沉降率 erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR集落刺激因子 colony stimulating factor, CSF内因子 intrinsic factor促红细胞生成素 e
8、rythropoietin, EPO血小板粘附 thrombocyte adhesion血栓烷 A2(血栓素 A2) thromboxane A2, TXA2血液凝固 blood coagulation凝血因子 blood clotting factor外源性凝血 extrinsic coagulation纤维蛋白溶解系统 fibrinolytic system爆式促进因子 burst promoting actvator, BPA肝素 heparin生理性止血 physiological hemostasis血小板聚集 thrombocyte aggregation前列环素 prostacy
9、clin, PGI2血清 serum内源性凝血 intrinsic coagulation凝血酶 thrombin纤溶酶原 plasminogen组织因子途径抑制物 tissue factor pathway inhibitor, TFPI纤溶酶(血浆素) plasmin(红细胞)凝集 agglutination凝集素 agglutinin交叉配血试验 cross-match test血型 blood group凝集原 agglutinogen人白细胞抗原 human leukocyte antigen, HLA成分输血 transfusion of blood components第四章 血
10、液循环【专业英语词汇】心动周期 cardiac cycle心室舒张期 ventricular diastole快速射血期 rapid ejection period心音 cardiac sound每搏输出量(搏出量) stroke volume output心输出量 cardiac output心房收缩期 atrial systole等容收缩期 isovolumic systole减慢充盈期 reduced filling period心音图 phonocardiogram射血分数 ejection fraction心指数 cardiac index七队生理资料2心脏作功(量) myocard
11、ial work心力储备 cardiac reserve传导性 conductivity有效不应期 effective refractory period代偿间歇 compensatory pause起搏点 pacemaker异位心律 ectopic rhythm超速驱动压抑 overdrive suppression心电图 electrocardiogram, ECG阻力血管 resistant vessel容量血管 capacitance vessel血流量 blood flow血流速度 velocity of blood flow顺应性 compliance收缩压 systolic pr
12、essure脉搏压(脉压) pulse pressure中心静脉压 central venous pressure微循环 microcirculation直捷通路 thoroughfare channel迂回通路 circuitous channel重吸收 reabsorption缩血管神经纤维 vasoconstrictor fiber心血管中枢 cardiovascular center压力感受器 baroreceptor心肺感受器 cardiopulmonary receptor化学感受器 chemoreceptor脑内渗透压感受器 brain osmoreceptor心室功能曲线 ve
13、ntricular function curve自动节律性(自律性) autorhythmicity平台(期 ) plateau期前收缩 premature systole起搏离子流 pacemaker current窦性心律 (normal) sinus rhythm抢先占领 capture, preoccupation房-室延搁 atrioventricular delay弹性储器血管 windkessel vessel毛细血管前阻力血管 precapillary resistant vessel短路血管 shunt vessel血压 blood pressure外周阻力 peripher
14、al resistance舒张压 diastolic pressure动脉脉搏 arterial pulse静脉回心血量 venous return毛细血管前括约肌 precapillary sphincter动-静脉短路 arteriovenous shunt滤过 filtration有效滤过压 effctive filtration pressure, EFP舒血管神经纤维 vasodilator fiber压力感受性反射 baroreceptor reflex缓冲神经 buffer nerve容量感受器 volume receptor防御反应 defence reaction肾素-血管紧
15、张素系统 renin-angiotensin system循环系统平均充盈压 mean circulatory filling pressure血管紧张素转换酶 angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE肾上腺素 epinephrine, E, or adrenalone, A去甲肾上腺素 norepinephrine, NE, or noradrenalone, NA血管升压素(抗利尿激素) vasopressin, VP (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)血管活性肠肽 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, VIP
16、内皮舒张因子 endothelium-derived relaxing factor, EDRF内皮缩血管因子 endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor, EDRF激肽释放酶-激肽系统 kallikrein-kinin system血管舒张素 kalidin前列腺素 prostaglandin, PG冠脉循环 coronary circulation血-脑屏障 blood-brain barrier, BBB缓激肽 bradykinin心房钠尿肽 atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP组胺 histamine腺苷 adenos
17、ine血-脑脊液屏障 blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier第五章 呼 吸【专业英语名词】七队生理资料3呼吸 respiration吸气 inspiration腹式呼吸 abdominal breathing平静呼吸 eupn(o)ea,or quiet breathing呼吸困难 dysp(o)nea气胸 pneumothorax比顺应性 specific compliance气道阻力 airway resistance肺通气 pulmonary ventilation呼气 expiration胸式呼吸 thoracic breathing用力呼吸 forced
18、breathing肺内压 intrapulmonary pressure胸膜腔内压 intrapleural pressure肺表面活性物质 pulmonary surfactant潮气量 tidal volume, TV补吸气量(吸气储备量) inspiratory reserve volume, IRV补呼气量(呼气储备量) exspiratory reserve volume, ERV功能残气量(功能余气量) functional residual capacity, FRC残气量(余气量) residual volume, RV肺活量 vital capacity, VC时间肺活量 t
19、imed vital capacity肺总量 total lung capacity, TLC解剖无效腔 anatomical dead space肺泡通气量 alveolar ventilation气体扩散速率 diffusion rate of gas氧合 oxygenation氧含量 oxygen content氧解离曲线 oxygen dissociation curve肺牵张反射 pulmonary stretch reflex深吸气量 inspiratory capacity, IC用力肺活量 forced vital capacity, FVC用力呼气量 forced expir
20、atory volume, FEV每分通气量 minute ventilation volume肺泡无效腔 alveolar dead space气体交换 gas exchange通气/血流比值 ventilation/perfusion ratio氧容量 oxygen capacity氧饱和度 oxygen saturation呼吸调整中枢 pneumotaxic center吸气切断机制 inspiratory off-switch mechanism第六章 消化和吸收【专业英语名词】消化 digestion基本电节律 basic electrical rhythm, BER粘膜下神经丛
21、submucosal plexus胃肠激素 gastrointestinal hormone胆囊收缩素 cholecystokinin, CCK抑胃肽 gastric inhibitory polypeptide唾液 saliva胃液 gastric juice吸收 absorption慢波 slow wave肌间神经丛 myenteric plexus胃泌素 gastrin胰泌素 secretin营养作用 trophic action蠕动 peristalsis盐酸 hydrochloric acid胃蛋白酶原 pepsinogen粘液-碳酸氢盐屏障 mucus-bicarbonate ba
22、rrier假饲 sham-feeding胃泌素释放肽 gastrin-releasing peptide, GRP肠-胃反射 entero-gastric reflex胃排空 gastric emptying胰液 pancreatic juice胰脂肪酶 lipase胰蛋白酶 trypsin糜蛋白酶 chymotrypsin胆汁 bile, or gall胃蛋白酶 pepsin生长抑素 somatostatin蛙皮素 bombesin肠抑胃素 enterogastrone容受性舒张 receptive relaxation迷走-迷走反射 vago-vagal reflex胰淀粉酶 pancre
23、atic amylase胰蛋白酶原 trypsinogen糜蛋白酶原 chymotrypsinogen肠致活酶 enterokinase胆盐 bile salt胆盐的肠肝循环 enterohepatic circulation of bile salt七队生理资料4排便 defection 分节运动 segmentation contraction第七章 能量代谢和体温【专业英语词汇】能量代谢 energy metabolism食物的热价 thermal equivalent of food氧债 oxygen debt呼吸商 respiratory quotient, RQ氧热价(氧卡价) t
24、hermal equivalent of oxygen (caloric value of oxygen)食物特殊动力效应 specific dynamic effect of food体温 body temperature生物节律 biorhythm战栗产热 shivering thermogenesis寒冷性肌紧张 thermal muscle tone辐射散热 thermal radiation对流散热 thermal convection不感蒸发(不显汗) insensible perspiration体温调节 regulation of body temperature热敏神经元 w
25、arm-sensitive neuron基础代谢率 basal metabolism rate, BMR昼夜节律 circadian rhythm生物钟 biologic clock产热 heat production, or thermogenesis散热 thermolysis, or body heat loss传导散热 thermal conduction蒸发(散热 ) evaporation发汗 perspiration, or sweating调定点 set point冷敏神经元 cold-sensitive neuron致热源 pyrogen视前区-下丘脑前部 preoptic-
26、anterior hypothylamus area, POAH第八章 尿的生成和排出【专业英语词汇】尿生成 urine formation球旁器(近球小体) juxtaglomerular apparatus肾血流量 renal blood flow肾小球滤过率 glomerular filtration rate, GFR滤过平衡 filtration equibibrium分泌 secretion尿的浓缩 urine concentration渗透性利尿 osmotic diuresis定比重吸收 constant fraction reabsorption内移(内化 ) interna
27、lization醛固酮 aldosterone菊粉(菊糖 ) inulin尿排出 urine excretion致密斑 macula densa管-球反馈 tubuloglomerular feedback滤过分数 filtration fraction肾血浆流量 renal plasma flow肾糖阈 renal glucose threshold尿的稀释 urine dilution球-管平衡 glomerulotubular balance回漏 back leak水利尿 water diuresis清除率 clearance排尿 micturition第九章 感觉器官的功能【专业英语词
28、汇】七队生理资料5感觉器官 sense organ适宜刺激 adequate stimulus发生器电位 generator potential编码(作用 ) encoding视觉 vision视敏度(视力) visual acuity近点 near point眼球会聚 convergence of the eyeball视杆细胞 rod晚光觉系统 nightlight perceptive system视锥系统 cone system视紫红质 rhodopsin视黄醛 retinene暗适应 dark adaptation视野 visual field气传导 air conduction螺旋
29、器(柯蒂器) Cortis organ感受器 receptor换能作用 transducer function感受器电位 receptor potential适应 adaptation简化眼 reduced eye(眼的)调节 accommodation (of the eye)瞳孔近反射 pupillary near reflex瞳孔对光反射 pupillary light reflex视杆系统 rod system视锥细胞 cone昼光觉系统 daylight perceptive system视蛋白 opsin传递蛋白 transducin明适应 light adaptation听觉 a
30、udition骨传导 bone conduction行波理论 travelling wave theory(耳蜗)微音器电位 (cochlear) microphonic potential前庭自主神经性反应 vestibular autonervous reaction平衡感觉 quilibrium sensation嗅觉 olfactory sensation, or smell皮肤感觉 cutaneous sensation温度觉 temperature sensation眼震颤 nystagmus味觉 gustatory sensation, or taste触-压觉 touch an
31、d pressure sensation痛觉 pain第十章 神经系统的功能【专业英语词汇】神经冲动 nerve impulse 神经营养性因子 neurotrophin, NT顺向轴浆运输 anterograde anxoplasmic transport逆向轴浆运输 retrograde axoplasmic transport兴奋性突触后电位 excitatory postsynaptic potential, EPSP抑制性突触后电位 inhibitory postsynaptic potential, IPSP突触后抑制 postsynaptic inhibition突触前易化 pr
32、esynaptic facilitation回返性抑制 recurrent inhibition强直后增强 posttetanic potentiation敏感化 sensitization长时程抑制 long-term depression, LTD突触前抑制 presynaptic inhibition传入侧支性抑制 afferent collateral inhibition可塑性 plasticity习惯化 habituation长时程增强 long-term potentiation, LTP突触延搁 synaptic delay非突触性化学传递 non-synaptic chemi
33、cal transmission七队生理资料6电突触传递 electrical synaptic transmission局部神经元回路 local neuronal circuit, LNC交互性突触 reciprocal synapse神经调质 neuromodulator递质共存 coexistence of transmitters同源脱敏 homologous desensitization胆碱能纤维 cholinergic fiber毒蕈碱样作用 muscarine-like action烟碱样作用 nicotine-like action肌肉型烟碱受体 muscle-type n
34、icotinic receptor儿茶酚胺 catecholamine肾上腺素能纤维 adrenergic fiber局部回路神经元 local circuit neuron, LCN串联性突触 serial synapse神经递质 neurotransmitter调制作用 modulation突触前受体 presynaptic receptor异源脱敏 heterologous desensitization胆碱能受体 cholinergic receptor毒蕈碱受体 muscarinic receptor烟碱受体 nicotinic receptor神经元型烟碱受体 neuronal-t
35、ype nicotinic receptor多巴胺 dopamine, DA肾上腺素能受体 adrenergic receptor5-羟色胺 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT or serotonin谷氨酸 glutamic acid, or glutamate非条件反射 unconditioned reflex辐散状联系 divergence connection后放(后发放 ) after discharge多突触反射 polysynaptic reflex非特异投射系统 non-specificprojection system-氨基丁酸 -aminobutyric a
36、cid, GABA条件反射 conditioned reflex聚合状联系 convergence connection单突触反射 monosynaptic reflex特异投射系统 specific projection system感觉柱 sensory column网状结构上行激动系统 ascending reticular activating system本体感觉 peoprioception皮层诱发电 evoked cortical potential牵涉痛 referred pain脑电图 electroencephalogram, EEG自发脑电活动 spontaneous e
37、lectric activity of the brain波阻断 alpha blocking脑电觉醒 electroencephalogram arousal快波睡眠 fast wave sleep, FWS快速眼球运动 rapid eye movements, REM最后公路 final common path腱反射 tendon reflex肌梭 muscle spindle随意运动 voluntary movement锥体系 pyramidal system脊休克 spinal shock屈肌反射 flexor reflex去大脑僵直 decerebrate rigidity翻正反射
38、righting reflex静止性震颤 static tremor意向性震颤 intention tremor交感神经 sympathetic nerve行为觉醒 behavioral arousal慢波睡眠 slow wave sleep, SWS异相睡眠 paradoxical sleep, PS上行抑制系统 ascending inhibitory system牵张反射 stretch reflex肌紧张 muscle tonus梭内肌纤维 intrafusal fiber运动柱 motor column锥体外系 extrapyramidal system姿势反射 postural r
39、eflex对侧伸肌反射 crossed extensor reflex状态反射 attitudinal reflex震颤麻痹 paralysis agitans舞蹈病 chorea小脑性共济失调 cerebellar ataxia副交感神经 parasympathetic nerve下丘脑调节肽 hypothalamus regulatory peptide, HRP边缘系统 limbic system 本能行为 instinctual behavior七队生理资料7情绪反应 emotional reaction饱中枢 satiety center假怒 sham rage奖赏系统 reward
40、 system惩罚系统 punishment system动机 motivation操作式条件反射 operate conditioned reflex长时性记忆 long term memory失写症 agraphia失读症 alexia失用症 apraxia摄食中枢 feeding center格斗-逃避反应 fight-flight reaction防御反应区 defense zone趋向系统 approach system回避系统 avoidance system强化 reinforcement短时性记忆 short term memory运动失语症 motor aphasia感觉失语
41、症 sensory aphasia一侧优势 laterality cerebral dominance裂脑 split brain第十一章 内分泌【专业英语词汇】内分泌 endocrine自分泌 autocrine允许作用 permissive action增量调节(上调) up regulation远距分泌 telecrine神经激素 neurohormone亲和力 affinity减量调节(下调) down regulation促甲状腺激素释放激素 thyrotropin-releasing hormone, TRH促性腺激素释放激素 gonadotropin-releasing horm
42、one, GnRH生长素释放抑制激素(生长抑素) growth hormone releasing-inhibiting hormone, GHRIH, or somatostatin生长素释放激素 growth hormone releasing hormone, GHRH促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素 corticotropin releasing hormone, CRH催乳素释放抑制因子 prolactin releasing-inhibiting factor, PIF促黑(素细胞 )激素释放抑制因子 melanophore-stimulating hormone releasing-in
43、hibiting factor, MIF促黑(素细胞 )激素释放因子 melanophore-stimulating hormone releasing factor, MRF促甲状腺激素 thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH促卵泡激素 follicle stimulating hormone, FSH促黑(素细胞 )激素 melanophore stimulating hormone, MSH催乳素释放因子 prolactin releasing factor, PRF促肾上腺皮质激素 adrenocorticotropin, ACTH胰岛素样生长因子 insul
44、in-like growth factor, IGF黄体生成素 luteinizing hormone, LH催乳素 prolactin, PRL生长素介质 somatomedin, SM甲状腺素(四碘甲腺原氨酸) thyroxin, or 3,5,3,5-tetraiodoythyronine, T4甲状旁腺激素 parathyroid hormone, PTH1,25-二羟胆钙化醇 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol七队生理资料8盐皮质激素 mineralocorticoid雌二醇 estradiol, E2应急反应 emergency reaction胰高血糖素
45、glucagon褪黑素 melatonin, MT第十二章 生 殖【专业英语词汇】生殖 reproduction睾酮 testosterone, T抑制素 inhibin排卵 ovulation月经周期 menstrual cycle孕激素 progestogen妊娠 pregnancy着床 implantation生精作用 spermatogenesis雄激素 androgen,or androgenic hormone生卵作用 oogenesis月经 menstruation雌激素 estrogen孕酮 progesterone, P受精 fertilization分娩 parturition人绒毛膜促性腺激素 human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG
