1、Medicine and Environmental HealthThree major areas of human endeavor contribute significantly to the reduction of disease and promotion of health. These may be categorized as curative medicine、 preventive medicine、and environmental health.,CURATIVEMEDICINE,PREVENTIVEMEDICINE,ENVIRONMENTALHEALTH,OCCU
2、PATIONALHEALTH,Common bases in both pure and derivative arts and science are shared by environmental health, curative medicine and preventive medicine: however there are important differences in their professional thrusts.,Environmental factors or stresses in working areamay cause sickness 、 impaire
3、d health 、significant discomfort 、 inefficiencyChemical hazards: mists 、 vapors 、 gases 、 dusts 、 fumesPhysical hazards: eletromagnetic radiations 、ionizing radiations 、noise 、 vibration 、 extremes of temperature 、extremes of pressureBiological hazards: insects 、 molds 、 fungi 、 bacterial 、 sanitati
4、on 、 houskeepingErgonomic hazards: improperly designed tools or work areas improper lifting or reaching poor visual conditions repeated motions in an awkward position,惡性腫瘤疾病,惡性腫瘤疾病,常見工業污染導致之疾病,常見工業污染導致之疾病,常見工業污染導致之疾病,常見工業污染導致之疾病,生物性疾病,Ergonomics Definition the application of the human biological sci
5、ences in conjunction with the engineering sciences to achieve the optimum mutual adjustment of man and his work , the benefits being measured in terms of human efficiency and well-being, Contents 1.Work physiology capacity for physical work capacity of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems to d
6、eliver oxygen to the working muscles Energy cost of work average metabolic energy cost Kcal/hr Work/rest cycles,Fatigue sources of fatigue monotony environmental factor manual or mental work intensity psychological factors illness , pain , and eating habits Clinical or chronic fatigue Increased irri
7、tability Tendency to depression General weakness in drive and dislike for work,2. Biomechanics the study of the structure and function of the body in relation to dynamics of man-machine systems Anthropometry Assessment of human static strength lifting , pushing , pulling , carring hand tools3. Work
8、place design standing vs. sitting posture4. Human factors/Behavior,GENERALIZED DIAGRAM OF METHODS OF CONTROL,SOURCE AIR PATH RECEIVER 1.SUBSTITUTION WITH A 1.HOUSEKEEPING 1.TRAINING&EDUCATION LESS HARMFUL MATERIAL (IMMEDIATE CLEANUP) (MOST IMPORTANT) (WATER IN PLACE OF ORGANIC SOLVENT ) 2.GENERAL EX
9、HAUST 2.ROTATION OF WORKERS VENTILATION (SPLIT UP DOSE)2. CHANGE OF PROCESS (ROOF FANS) (AIRLESS PAINT SPRAYING) 3.ENCLOSURE OF WORKER 3.DILUTION VENTILATION (AIR CONDITIONED3.ENCLOSURE OF PROCESS (SUPPLIED AIR) CRANE CABS) (GLOVE-BOX) 4.INCREASE DISTANCE 4.PERSONAL MONITORING4.ISOLATION OF PROCESS
10、BETWEEN SOURCE AND DEVICES (DOSIMETERS) (SPACE OR TIME) RECEIVER (SEMI-AUTOMATIC OR REMOTE CONTROL) 5.PERSONAL PROTECTIVE5.WET METHODS DEVICES (PESPIRATORS) (HYDRO BLAST) 5.CONTINUOUS AREA MONITORING (PRE-SET 6.ADEOUATE MAINTENANCE 6.LOCAL EXHAUST ALARMS) PROGRAM VENTILATION (CAPTURE AT SOURCE) 6.ADEOUATE MAINTENANCE PROGRAM 7.ADEOUATE MAINTENANCE PROGRAM,
