1、PEP 小学英语毕业总复习一:学生易错词汇1. a, an 的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用 an,辅音字母开头的单词用 a.2. am , is , are 的选择: 单数用 is , 复数用 are. I 用 am , you 用 are.3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物。单数用 has , 复数用have. I , you 用 have .4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人。单数用there is , 复数用 there are.5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用 some, 疑问句和否定句用 any.6. 疑问词的选择:
2、what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱)二:形容词比较级详解当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级。比较级的句子结构通常是:什么 + 动词 be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:Im taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。 )An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大。 )
3、形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是: 一般的直接在词尾加 er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , 以 e 结尾的,直接加 r ,如 fine finer , 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的,先改 y 为 i 再加 er,如 funny - funnier 双写最后的字母再加 er,如 big bigger, thin thinner ,hot hotter注意 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长。 )比较的两者是我的头发、你(整个人) ,那么比较
4、的对象就没有可比性。应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或 My hair is longer than your hair.比较级专项练习: 一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子 heavy tall long big(1) How is the Yellow River?(2) How is Mr Green? Hes 175cm.(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.(4)How is the fish? Its 2kg.二、根据句意写出所缺的单词(1) Im 12 years old. Youre 14. Im th
5、an you.(2) A rabbits tail is than a monkeys tail.(3) An elephant is than a pig.(4) A lake is than a sea.(5) A basketball is than a football.三、根据中文完成句子.(1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁. Im than my brother.(2) 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree than that one.(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.(4) 谁比你重? than you?四、根据答句写出问句(1) Im 160 cm.(2)
6、Im 12 years old.(4) Amys hair is 30 cm long.三:动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:、规则动词 一般直接在动词的后面加 ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited 以 e 结尾的动词直接加 d:如 lived , danced , used 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词要改 y 为 i 再加 ed(此类动词较少)如 study studied carry carried worry worried (注意play、stay 不是辅音字母加 y,所以不属于此类) 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stop
7、ped 、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing sang , eat ate , see saw , have had , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read read ,fly flew , am/is was , are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt
8、hurt , feel felt四:动词现在分词详解 动词的 ing 形式的构成规则: 一般的直接在后面加上 ing , 如 doing , going , working , singing , eating 以 e 结尾的动词,要先去 e 再加 ing ,如 having , writing 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting五:人称和数人称代词主格 宾格物主代词单数 I(我) me my(我的)第一人称 复数 we(我们) us our(我们的)单数 you(你) you your(你的)第二人称 复数 yo
9、u(你们) you your(你们的)he(他) him his(他的)第三人称单数she(她) her her(她的)it(它) it its(它的)复数 they(他们/她们/它们) themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)六:句型专项归类1、 肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:Im a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
10、 2、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor. He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom. He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening. 注意 小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 “not” 。有动词 be 的句子则“not ”加
11、在 be 后面,可缩写成 “isnt,arent” ,但 am not 一般都分开写。没有动词 be 的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did) ,然后在它后面加上“not” ,你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“dont , doesnt , didnt ) 。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does ”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did” 。3、一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes” ,或“no”来回答。如:Are you a student? Yes, I am / N
12、o, Im not. Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there arent. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we arent.)Will he eat
13、 lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(wont). Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.注意 小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上,把动词 be 调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。没有动词 be 的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可。这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择
14、,其中“does” 只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did” 只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did ” 。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。4、特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how 等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no” 来回答。如:What is this? Its a computer.What does he do? Hes a doctor.Where are
15、 you going? Im going to Beijing.Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike. Which season do you like best? Summer.When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.Whose skirt is this? Its Amys.Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees. How are you? Im fine. / Im happy.Ho
16、w did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.其中 how 又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如:how many(多少(数量)), how much(多少(钱)), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)例句:How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.How many desks are
17、there in your classroom? There are 51.小结:how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配,How many + 名词复数 + do you have? 你有多少?How many + 名词复数 + can you see? 你能看见多少?How many + 名词复数 + are there? 有多少?七:完全、缩略形式: Im=I am he s=he is shes=she is theyre=they are youre=you are theres=there is theyre=they are cant=can not do
18、nt=do not doesnt=does not isnt=is not arent=are not lets=let us wont=will not Ill=I will wasnt=was not总结:通常情况下,m 即 am,s 即 is(但 lets=let us) , re 即are ,nt 即 not (但 cant=can not)八:与字母相关的题型 ( 注:五个元音字母是 Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu )一.将所给字母的大小写写在四线格上 Hh Rr Xx Gg Mm Uu Zz Ff Qq Ii 二.写出下列字母的左邻右舍。 1.( ) Hh ( ) 2.( ) Bb
19、( ) 3.( ) Ll ( ) 4.( ) Rr ( ) 5.( ) Qq ( ) 6.( ) Ww ( ) 三.用小写字母抄写下列单词。1.ROOM( ) 2.UNDER( ) 3.PLEASE( ) 4.PICTURE( ) 5.WHERE( ) 6.TWINS( ) 7.EXCUSE( ) 8.HOW( ) 9.CAKE( ) 10.SMALL( ) 三.将全是元音字母的那一组圈起来 1. a c e 2. i e o 3. v u k 4. e u I 5. J B I 6. E T V 7. E I O 8. A U E 四.写出与所给单词发音相同的字母(大小写) 。 1.bee
20、( ) 2.sea ( ) 3.tea ( ) 4.are ( ) 5.why ( ) 6.you ( )九:pep 小学英语词汇不完全归类表学习用品(school things):pen 钢笔 pencil 铅笔 pencil-case 铅笔盒 ruler 尺子 book 书 bag包 comic book 漫画书 post card 明信片 newspaper 报纸 schoolbag书包 eraser 橡皮 crayon 蜡笔 sharpener 卷笔刀 story-book 故事书 notebook 笔记本 Chinese book 语文书 English book 英语书 math
21、book 数学书 magazine 杂志 dictionary 词典人体(body):foot 脚 head 头 face 脸 hair 头发 nose 鼻子 mouth 嘴 eye 眼睛 ear 耳朵 arm 手臂 hand 手 finger 手指 leg 腿 tail 尾巴颜色(colours):red 红 blue 蓝 yellow 黄 green 绿 white 白 black 黑 pink 粉红 purple 紫 orange 橙 brown 棕动物(animals):cat 猫 dog 狗 pig 猪 duck 鸭 rabbit 兔 horse 马 elephant 大象 ant
22、蚂蚁 fish 鱼 bird 鸟 eagle 鹰 beaver 海狸 snake 蛇 mouse老鼠 squirrel 松鼠 kangaroo 袋鼠 monkey 猴 panda 熊猫 bear 熊 lion 狮子 tiger 老虎 fox 狐狸 zebra 斑马 deer 鹿 giraffe 长颈鹿 goose 鹅 hen 母鸡 turkey 火鸡 lamb 小羊 sheep 绵羊 goat 山羊 cow 奶牛 donkey 驴 squid 鱿鱼 lobster 龙虾 shark 鲨鱼 seal海豹 sperm whale 抹香鲸 killer whale 虎鲸人物(people):frie
23、nd 朋友 boy 男孩 girl 女孩 mother 母亲 father 父亲 sister姐妹 brother 兄弟 uncle 叔叔;舅舅 man 男人 woman 女人 Mr.先生 Miss 小姐 lady 女士;小姐 mom 妈妈 dad 爸爸 parents 父母 grandparents 祖父母 grandma/grandmother(外)祖母 grandpa/grandfather(外)祖父 aunt 姑姑 cousin 堂(表)兄弟;堂(表)姐妹 son 儿子 daughter 女儿 baby 婴儿 kid 小孩 classmate 同学 queen 女王 visitor 参
24、观者 neighbour 邻居 principal 校长 university student 大学生 pen pal 笔友 tourist旅行者 people 人物 robot 机器人职业(jobs):teacher 教师 student 学生 doctor 医生 nurse 护士 driver 司机 farmer 农民 singer 歌唱家 writer 作家 actor 男演员 actress 女演员 artist 画家 TV reporter 电视台记者 engineer 工程师 accountant 会计 policeman(男)警察 salesperson 销售员 cleaner 清洁工 baseball player 棒球运动员 assistant 售货员 police 警察食品、饮料(food & drink):rice 米饭 bread 面包 beef 牛肉 milk 牛奶 water 水 egg 蛋 fish鱼 tofu 豆腐 cake 蛋糕 hot dog 热狗 hamburger 汉堡包 French fries 炸薯条 cookie 曲奇 biscuit 饼干 jam 果酱 noodles 面条 meat 肉 chicken 鸡肉 pork 猪肉 mutton 羊肉 vegetable 蔬菜