1、1第五章 词义的处理Techniques of Translating Words and Phrases课堂互动 2：翻译下列句子, 注意词性和词义搭配（参考译文）1. Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs, bones and muscles, it may also power up the brain.【译文】运动不但能强心、健肺、壮骨、筋肌，而且还能健脑。2. We shall never see his match.【译文】他那样的人恐怕不会有第二个了。3. The vote was 35 to 25, a margin
2、of 10.【译文】表决的结果是 35 票对 25 票，相差 10 票。4. The report is thoroughly sourced.【译文】这项报告的来源很完备。5. This hotel cant be matched for friendliness. 【译文】这家旅馆服务态度之好无与伦比。6. She was rather advanced in years for a maiden.【译文】在没有结婚的女孩子中，她年龄算是相当大了。7. Every one of us poured forth his expertise.【译文】我们每个人都充分发挥了自己的专长。8. Il
3、l not abuse your hospitality.【译文】我不会辜负你的热情厚谊。9. I long for you terribly. The moment we say good-bye and I close the door, my torment begins.【译文】我想你想得要命，我们一分手，关上门，我心里便觉得煎熬。10. Our arguments were often brought before our father, and I guess I was either generally in the right, or else a better debater
4、, because the judgment was usually in my favor.【译文】我们往往争到父亲那里去。我想，或者是我总有理，或者我善于抓理，因为评起来通常是我有理。课堂互动 3： 翻译下列句子,注意词汇的基本意义、衍生意义、搭配意义（参考译文）1) The sales of the book went deeply into the millions.【译文】那本书销售达好几百万册。2) He is four going on five.【译文】他（四岁）快五岁了。3) A pound does not go far these days.【译文】目前一英镑买不到多少东
5、西了。4) Ill give you 50, but I cant go any further.【译文】我可以给你 50 英镑，但不能再多了。5) This will go a long way toward world peace.【译文】这对世界和平将起很大作用。6) A fine appearance and comfort do not usually go together.【译文】中看并不一定中用。7) She has the qualities which go to the making of a good teacher.【译文】她具有一个优秀教师所必需的素质。8) A f
6、oreign language will go far towards widening our mental horizon.【译文】外语会大大帮助我们开阔思想境界。29) What he says goes.【译文】他说了算数。10) He made a promise and then went back on it.【译文】他许下了诺言，但没有践行。课堂互动 4: 翻译下列句子,注意词义的近似、深化、升华（参考译文）1How they bow to that Creole because of her hundred thousand pounds!【译文】瞧她们对那个克里奥尔奉承讨好
7、的样儿，还不是看她有成千上万的财产吗！（深化）2The custom had its spring in another country.【译文】这种风俗起源于别的国家。 （近似）3David is swollen in everything, in body and in mind.【译文】大卫真是虚有其表，身体虚胖，头脑空空如也。 （近似）4The high-ceilinged room, the little balconies, alcoves, nooks and angles all suggest sanctuary, escape, creature comfort.【译文】天
8、花板高高的房间，小巧的楼厅，四进的斗室，僻静的角落，这一切都使人联想到静谧的圣殿、遁世避俗的处所和舒适的享受。 （深化）5and she held honoura cheque for twenty thousand pounds with his signature quite firmly in her hands. 【译文】她把她的战利品 一张他签字的两万英镑的支票紧紧地攥在手中。 （升华） 课堂互动 5: 翻译句子, 注意具体词义抽象化和抽象词义具体化（参考译文）1The newspaper claims to be the mirror of the public opinion.【
9、译文】该报宣称忠实反映了公众的意见。2Application of laser in medicine is still in its infancy.【译文】激光在医学中的应用仍处于发展的初期。3But no one forces you to go to sea. It gets in your blood. 【译文】但是谁也没有强迫你出海，是你心甘情愿嘛。4She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. 【译文】她确实是一个动情的姑娘
10、，不过我不是一个让感情支配理智的人。5As far as the head goes, at least, she does credit to the educational system pursued at my establishment.【译文】不说别的，就智力才能而论，她确实能为本校所遵循的教育制度争光。 6He gave up the sword for the plough.【译文】他解甲归田了。7Behind him I see the long grey rollers of the Atlantic at work. 【译文】在他的身后，我看见大西洋上的灰色巨浪，汹涌起伏
11、。8But, if public dissatisfaction continues to grow, or appears to do so, politicians may conclude that they have to do something, usually in the name of reform.【译文】但是，如果公众的不满情绪继续上升，或者似乎将要上升， 政客们可能就会得出结论，认为必须采取行动，而且这种行动通常以改革为名。9A mixture of fear of the unknown and fear of disenchantment was tormentin
12、g her. 【译文】一种对陌生人的恐惧和唯恐美好想象破灭的混合感情折磨着她。10But it is best not to be intimate with gentlemen of this profession, and to take the calculations at second-hand, as you do logarithms, for to work them yourself, depend upon it, will cost you something considerable. (W. Thackeray: Vanity Fair)【译文】不过我劝你少和靠这一行
13、吃饭的家伙来往，你需要资料的话，完全可以间接打听，就像你运用现成的对数表似的就行了。信我的话，倘若自己调查的话，得花不少钱呢。3课堂互动 6： 翻译下列句子, 注意原文的语言风格（参考译文）1How do we account for this split between the critics and the readers, the head and the heart?【译文】评论家和读者之间，也就是理智和感情之间的这种分歧如何解释呢？2He has a very satirical eye. And if I do not begin by being impertinent myse
14、lf, I shall soon grow afraid of him. (Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice)【译文】他挖苦人的本领特别高明,要是我不先给他点厉害,我就会马上怕他呢。3It is easy to think to oneself that ones emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and ones mind more keen.【译文】人们往往对自己说，我过去感情多么丰富，思想多么敏锐，现在不行了。4They exhibited neither their glory nor super
15、iority.【译文】他们既未能争得光彩，也没有显出自己高人一等。5A thousand mustaches can live together, but not four breasts.【译文】千条汉子能共处，两个婆娘难相容。6There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the terrorists.【译文】恐怖主义分子的性格是既残暴又狡猾。7During the war, he was an embryo surgeon, and joined the mobile medical team.【译文】在战
16、争期间，他是一个初出茅庐的外科医生，参加了巡回医疗队。8Honesty pays itself.【译文】诚实的人从来不会吃亏。9 “You dont look like a magician.”“What do I look like?”“A musician.”“I did saw away at a fiddle once.”“You did? Well, whats the difference what you do so long as you make, you know what.” And she rubbed her thumb in her palm.【译文】 “你看上去不
17、像一个魔术师。 ”“我看上去像什么？”“像个乐师。 ”“我从前拉过小提琴。 ”“拉过吗？其实，不论干啥还不是一样，只要能弄到这 个。 ”她用大拇指在手心搓了搓。10. In a surprising display of accessibility, Beijings top leaders have been meeting with almost every American visitor, right down to the lowliest junior congressional representative in town. 【译文】令人惊奇的是，北京的高层领导人表现得如此平易近
18、人，他们几乎会见每位来访的美国人，其中包括来自小镇、资历不深的基层国会代表。课堂互动 7： 翻译下列句子, 注意比喻与典故（参考译文）1Dont count your chickens before they are hatched.【译文】不可过早乐观。2I wonder whether he is a Trojan Horse.【译文】我不知道他是不是一个内奸。3Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market.【译文】昨天晚上我听见他鼾声如雷。4He speaks as if there were a frog in his throat
19、.【译文】她说话声音沙哑。45Andrea thought her mothers ideas about dating were old hat.【译文】安德利亚认为母亲对交男朋友的看法有点老土。 课堂互动 8： 翻译下列句子, 注意褒义译法（参考译文）1Common sense and good nature will do a lot to make the pilgrimage of life not too difficult to a light woman.【译文】洞达世情和心底忠厚对于一个风尘中人来说，常会使她的人生历程比较顺利。2The sea adds something
20、to the appearance of Qingdao.【译文】大海给青岛海滨增添了几分美色。3Youre the only girl Ive ever seen that actually did look like something blooming.【译文】在我所见过的姑娘中，惟有你看上去确像鲜花一样。4The boys went back to camp, a good deal awed, but they found there was still something to be thankful for, because the great sycamore, the she
21、lter of their beds, was a ruin now, blasted by the lightnings and they were not under it when the catastrophe happened. （Mark Twain: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer）【译文】孩子们回到露营地,依然惊魂未定；然而他们还是发现有一件令人庆幸的事情，因为庇护他们的宿地的那棵大树遭了雷劈，现在已经完全毁了，而灾难发生时，他们幸好不在树下。5If you are a man，you can point out that most poets and
22、 men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can retort that so are most criminals.【译文】如果你是男子，你会说大多数诗人和科学家都是男性；如果你是妇女，你可以反驳说，大多数罪犯也都是男的。课堂互动 9 ： 翻译下列句子, 注意贬义译法（参考译文）1There is safety in numbers.【译文】人多保险。2When he tossed a much-ballyhooed party in Persepolis three years age to celebrate Persias 25
23、00th anniversary, he invited virtually everybody who was anybody but mostly nobodies showed up.【译文】三年前，在珀塞波利斯举行大肆宣扬的盛大典礼庆祝波斯建国 2500 年的时候,他几乎邀请了世界所有的有名人士，但真正出席者却大多是些无名之辈。3. Rip was, moreover, a kind neighbour, and an obedient hen-packed husband.【译文】瑞普这个人是个好邻居,可天生怕老婆。4.Call me what instrument you will
24、, though you can fret me, yet you cannot play upon me.【译文】无论你把我叫做什么乐器，你也只能撩逗我，不能玩弄我。5.When I first knew you, I tingled. I would have washed your feet and drunk the bathwater. But when I knew you better, I told myself, Zeftel, its a wasteall this trembling. 【译文】我头一回见你便动了心，我愿给你洗脚，甚至喝你的洗脚水。但了解你之后，我便对自己
25、说：“泽弗特尔，白费劲 别那么神魂颠倒了。 ” 综合练习及参考译文1翻译下列句子，注意词义选择1）The house is over against the university.【译文】那幢房子就在学校的对面。2）Were up against all sorts of difficulties.【译文】我遇到了种种困难。53）The huge waves hurling themselves against the rock broke into clouds of spray.【译文】猛击着岩石的巨浪碎成一簇簇的水花。4）The factory has produced 85 000 t
26、ons of sugar this year, as against the 60 000 tons of last year.【译文】这个厂今年生产了 85 000 吨糖，而去年只生产了 60 000 吨。 （形成“对照”）5）He saves money against the rainy day.【译文】他存钱以备不时之用。6）Charge it against my account.【译文】请把这笔钱记在我的账上。 （表示“用抵付，兑换”）7）She drew a check against her bank balance.【译文】她开了一张支票提取银行存款的余额。 （表示“抵消”）
27、8）We must not cross the street against the light.【译文】我们不能不顾交通信号灯就横穿马路。 （表示“违反”）9）His appearance is against him.【译文】他的外表对他不利。 （表示“不利于”）10）He was helpless against such forces.【译文】在这种暴力面前，他感到无助。 （表示“在面前，在情况下”）2翻译下列句子，注意词义引申1) He can mature alcohol electrically. 【译文】他很快能把酒酿成。2) He had his ups and downs.
28、【译文】他一生多坎坷艰辛。3) And I have an uneasy feeling he had something there.【译文】我有一种不安的感觉，他的话不无道理。4) He was watching me or something for an hour or two.【译文】有一、两个小时，他大概一直留神看我。5) Theory is something but practice is everything.【译文】理论固然重要，实践更为重要。6) In learning English, grammar is not everything.【译文】学英语，光学语法是不行的
29、。7) Dust has a very important part to play in the work of nature.【译文】灰尘对于自然界的变化起很大的作用。8) Is Jane a possibility as a wife for Richard? (=a suitable person) 【译文】简是做理查德妻子的合适人选吗？9) I was not one to let my heart rule my head.【译文】我不是那种让感情支配理智的人。10) She didnt think of that the beautiful umbrella bought the
30、 day before should become a Helen of Troy in her family. Because of this she and her husband quarreled for a long time. 【译文】她没有料到前一天买的那把漂亮的雨伞竟成了祸端，她和丈夫为此吵了很久。3翻译下列句子，注意词义褒贬1）There is something behind, I think.【译文】我看这里面有文章(名堂) 。(贬)2) They are nameless nothing.【译文】他们是些无名之辈。(贬)3) He is really something
31、!6【译文】他真是个了不起的人!(褒)4) She is as fair as Helen.【译文】她是个绝世美人。(褒)5) They predicted the youth would have a bright future.【译文】他们说，这个年轻人会有一个锦绣前程。(褒)6) The adoption of the new policies will surely lead to some striking results.【译文】采取各项新的政策必将带来一些显著成果。(褒)7) The enemy killed one of our comrades, and we killed
32、an enemy agent.【译文】敌人杀害了我们一位同志，(褒) 我们宰了一个特务。 (贬)8) There would have been more painful result but for the drastic measures.【译文】若不是采取了断然措施，那定会引起更痛苦的后果。(贬)9) Mr Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.【译文】布朗先生接到作演讲的邀请，感到非常荣幸。(褒)10) He thinks himself to be somet
33、hing, but actually he is nothing.【译文】他自认为是个了不起的人，(褒) 但实际上他是个小人物 。(贬)4. 短文翻译About ten oclock on the following morning, seedy and hungry, I was dragging myself along Portland Place, when a child that was passing, towed by a nurse-maid, tossed a luscious big pearminus one bite into the gutter. I stoppe
34、d of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure. My mouth watered for it, my stomach craved it, my whole being begged for it. 【译文】第二天上午大约十点钟，我饿着肚子，狼狈不堪，正在波特兰路拖着脚步行走时，刚好有一个小孩子由保姆牵手走过，把一只美味的大梨扔到阴沟里只咬过一口。不消说，我站住了，贪婪地盯着那个泥污了的宝贝。我垂涎欲滴，肚子咕咕直叫，全身心地在乞求它。But every time I made a move to get i
35、t, some passing eye detected my purpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent, and pretended that I hadnt been thinking about the pear at all. This same thing kept happening and happening, and I couldnt get the pear. I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame,
36、 and to seize it, when a window behind me ws raised, and a gentleman spoke out of it, saying: “Step in here, please.” (Mark Twain: The 1,000,000 Bank-note)【译文】可是我每次刚一动手想去取它，老是有过路人看出了我的企图，当然我就只好再把身子立直， 显出若无其事 的样子，假装根本就没有想到过那只梨。这情形老是一遍又一遍的重复，我始终无法把那只梨弄到手。后来我简直给搞得无可奈何，真想不顾一切体面，硬着头皮去拿它的时候，忽然我身后有一扇窗户打开了，一位先生从里面喊道：“请进来吧。 ”
