1、外文原文ASSESSMENTOFTHEBEHAVIOUROFPOTATOESINACUPBELTPLANTERHBUITENWERF，WBHOOGMOED，PLERINKANDJMLLERASSEMENTOFTHEBEHAVIOROFPOTATOINACUPBELTPLANTERBIOSYTEMSENGINEERING,VOLUME95,ISSUE,SEPTEMBER20063541THEFUNCTIONINGOFMOSTPOTATOPLANTERSISBASEDONTRANSPORTANDPLACEMENTOFTHESEEDPOTATOESBYACUPBELTTHECAPACITYOFTHI
2、SPROCESSISRATHERLOWWHENPLANTINGACCURACYHASTOSTAYATACCEPTABLELEVELSTHEMAINLIMITATIONSARESETBYTHESPEEDOFTHECUPBELTANDTHENUMBERANDPOSITIONINGOFTHECUPSITWASHYPOTHESISEDTHATTHEINACCURACYINPLANTINGDISTANCE,THATISTHEDEVIATIONFROMUNIFORMPLANTINGDISTANCES,MAINLYISCREATEDBYTHECONSTRUCTIONOFTHECUPBELTPLANTERTO
3、DETERMINETHEORIGINOFTHEDEVIATIONSINUNIFORMITYOFPLACEMENTOFTHEPOTATOESATHEORETICALMODELWASBUILTTHEMODELCALCULATESTHETIMEINTERVALBETWEENEACHSUCCESSIVEPOTATOTOUCHINGTHEGROUNDREFERRINGTOTHERESULTSOFTHEMODEL,TWOHYPOTHESESWEREPOSED,ONEWITHRESPECTTOTHEEFFECTOFBELTSPEED,ANDONEWITHRESPECTTOTHEINFLUENCEOFPOTA
4、TOSHAPEAPLANTERUNITWASINSTALLEDINALABORATORYTOTESTTHESETWOHYPOTHESESAHIGHSPEEDCAMERAWASUSEDTOMEASURETHETIMEINTERVALBETWEENEACHSUCCESSIVEPOTATOJUSTBEFORETHEYREACHTHESOILSURFACEANDTOVISUALIZETHEBEHAVIOROFTHEPOTATOTHERESULTSSHOWEDTHATATHEHIGHERTHESPEEDOFTHECUPBELT,THEMOREUNIFORMISTHEDEPOSITIONOFTHEPOTA
5、TOESANDBAMOREREGULARPOTATOSHAPEDIDNOTRESULTINAHIGHERPLANTINGACCURACYMAJORIMPROVEMENTSCANBEACHIEVEDBYREDUCINGTHEOPENINGTIMEATTHEBOTTOMOFTHEDUCTANDBYIMPROVINGTHEDESIGNOFTHECUPSANDITSPOSITIONRELATIVETOTHEDUCTTHISWILLALLOWMOREROOMFORCHANGESINTHECUPBELTSPEEDSWHILEKEEPINGAHIGHPLANTINGACCURACY1INTRODUCTION
6、THECUPBELTPLANTERFIG1ISTHEMOSTCOMMONLYUSEDMACHINETOPLANTPOTATOESTHESEEDPOTATOESARETRANSFERREDFROMAHOPPERTOTHECONVEYORBELTWITHCUPSSIZEDTOHOLDONETUBERTHISBELTMOVESUPWARDSTOLIFTTHEPOTATOESOUTOFTHEHOPPERANDTURNSOVERTHEUPPERSHEAVEATTHISPOINT,THEPOTATOESFALLONTHEBACKOFTHENEXTCUPANDARECONFINEDINASHEETMETAL
7、DUCTATTHEBOTTOM,THEBELTTURNSOVERTHEROLLER,CREATINGTHEOPENINGFORDROPPINGTHEPOTATOINTOAFURROWINTHESOILFIG1WORKINGCOMPONENTSOFTHECUPBELTPLANTER1POTATOESINHOPPER2CUPBELT3CUP4UPPERSHEAVE5DUCT6POTATOONBACKOFCUP7FURROWER8ROLLER9RELEASEOPENING10GROUNDLEVELCAPACITYANDACCURACYOFPLANTSPACINGARETHEMAINPARAMETER
8、SOFMACHINEPERFORMANCEHIGHACCURACYOFPLANTSPACINGRESULTSINHIGHYIELDANDAUNIFORMSORTINGOFTHETUBERSATHARVESTMCPHEEETAL,1996PAVEKENTZSIECZKAETAL,1986,INDICATINGTHATTHEACCURACYISLOWCOMPAREDTOPRECISIONPLANTERSFORBEETORMAIZETRAVELLINGSPEEDANDACCURACYOFPLANTINGSHOWANINVERSECORRELATIONTHEREFORE,THEPRESENTCUPBE
9、LTPLANTERSAREEQUIPPEDWITHTWOPARALLELROWSOFCUPSPERBELTINSTEADOFONEDOUBLINGTHECUPROWALLOWSDOUBLETHETRAVELSPEEDWITHOUTINCREASINGTHEBELTSPEEDANDTHUS,AHIGHERCAPACITYATTHESAMEACCURACYISEXPECTEDTHEOBJECTIVEOFTHISSTUDYWASTOINVESTIGATETHEREASONSFORTHELOWACCURACYOFCUPBELTPLANTERSANDTOUSETHISKNOWLEDGETODERIVER
10、ECOMMENDATIONSFORDESIGNMODIFICATIONS,EGINBELTSPEEDSORSHAPEANDNUMBEROFCUPSFORBETTERUNDERSTANDING,AMODELWASDEVELOPED,DESCRIBINGTHEPOTATOMOVEMENTFROMTHEMOMENTTHEPOTATOENTERSTHEDUCTUPTOTHEMOMENTITTOUCHESTHEGROUNDTHUS,THEBEHAVIOUROFTHEPOTATOATTHEBOTTOMOFTHESOILFURROWWASNOTTAKENINTOACCOUNTASPHYSICALPROPER
11、TIESSTRONGLYINFLUENCETHEEFFICIENCYOFAGRICULTURALEQUIPMENTKUTZBACH,1989,THESHAPEOFTHEPOTATOESWASALSOCONSIDEREDINTHEMODELTWONULLHYPOTHESESWEREFORMULATED1THEPLANTINGACCURACYISNOTRELATEDTOTHESPEEDOFTHECUPBELTAND2THEPLANTINGACCURACYISNOTRELATEDTOTHEDIMENSIONSEXPRESSEDBYASHAPEFACTOROFTHEPOTATOESTHEHYPOTHE
12、SESWERETESTEDBOTHTHEORETICALLYWITHTHEMODELANDEMPIRICALLYINTHELABORATORY2MATERIALSANDMETHODS21PLANTMATERIALSEEDPOTATOESOFTHECULTIVARSCVSANTE,ARINDAANDMARFONAHAVEBEENUSEDFORTESTINGTHECUPBELTPLANTER,BECAUSETHEYSHOWDIFFERENTSHAPECHARACTERISTICSTHESHAPEOFTHEPOTATOTUBERISANIMPORTANTCHARACTERISTICFORHANDLI
13、NGANDTRANSPORTINGMANYSHAPEFEATURES,USUALLYCOMBINEDWITHSIZEMEASUREMENTS,CANBEDISTINGUISHEDDUTAOETAL,1995ZODLER,1969INTHENETHERLANDSGRADINGOFPOTATOESISMOSTLYDONEBYUSINGTHESQUAREMESHSIZEKONINGDEETAL,1994,WHICHISDETERMINEDONLYBYTHEWIDTHANDHEIGHTLARGESTANDLEASTBREADTHOFTHEPOTATOFORTHETRANSPORTPROCESSESIN
14、SIDETHEPLANTER,THELENGTHOFTHEPOTATOISADECISIVEFACTORASWELLASHAPEFACTORSBASEDONALLTHREEDIMENSIONSWASINTRODUCED1WHERELISTHELENGTH,WTHEWIDTHANDHTHEHEIGHTOFTHEPOTATOINMM,WITHHOWOLASAREFERENCE,ALSOSPHERICALGOLFBALLSWITHABOUTTHESAMEDENSITYASPOTATOES,REPRESENTINGASHAPEFACTORSOF100WEREUSEDSHAPECHARACTERISTI
15、CSOFTHEPOTATOESUSEDINTHISSTUDYAREGIVENINTABLE122MATHEMATICALMODELOFTHEPROCESSAMATHEMATICALMODELWASBUILTTOPREDICTPLANTINGACCURACYANDPLANTINGCAPACITYOFTHECUPBELTPLANTERTHEMODELTOOKINTOCONSIDERATIONRADIUSANDSPEEDOFTHEROLLER,THEDIMENSIONSANDSPACINGOFTHECUPS,THEIRPOSITIONINGWITHRESPECTTOTHEDUCTWALLANDTHE
16、HEIGHTOFTHEPLANTERABOVETHESOILSURFACEFIG2ITWASASSUMEDTHATTHEPOTATOESDIDNOTMOVERELATIVETOTHECUPORROTATEDURINGTHEIRDOWNWARDMOVEMENTFIG2PROCESSSIMULATEDBYMODEL,SIMULATIONSTARTINGWHENTHECUPCROSSESLINEARELEASETIMEREPRESENTSTIMENEEDEDTOCREATEANOPENINGSUFFICIENTLYLARGEFORAPOTATOTOPASSMODELALSOCALCULATESTIM
17、EBETWEENRELEASEOFTHEPOTATOANDTHEMOMENTITREACHESTHESOILSURFACEFREEFALLRC,SUMOFTHERADIUSOFTHEROLLER,THICKNESSOFTHEBELTANDLENGTHOFTHECUPXCLEAR,CLEARANCEBETWEENCUPANDDUCTWALLXRELEASE,RELEASECLEARANCEARELEASE,RELEASEANGLEO,ANGULARSPEEDOFROLLERLINEC,GROUNDLEVEL,ENDOFSIMULATIONTHEFIELDSPEEDANDCUPBELTSPEEDC
18、ANBESETTOACHIEVETHEAIMEDPLANTSPACINGTHEFREQUENCYFPOTOFPOTATOESLEAVINGTHEDUCTATTHEBOTTOMISCALCULATEDASWHEREVCISTHECUPBELTSPEEDINMS1ANDXCISTHEDISTANCEINMBETWEENTHECUPSONTHEBELTTHEANGULARSPEEDOFTHEROLLERRINRADS1WITHRADIUSRRINMISCALCULATEDASTHEGAPINTHEDUCTHASTOBELARGEENOUGHFORAPOTATOTOPASSANDBERELEASEDT
19、HISGAPXRELEASEINMISREACHEDATACERTAINANGLERELEASEINRADOFACUPPASSINGTHEROLLERTHISRELEASEANGLERELEASEFIG2ISCALCULATEDASWHERERCISTHESUMINMOFTHERADIUSOFTHEROLLER,THETHICKNESSOFTHEBELTANDTHELENGTHOFTHECUPANDXCLEARISTHECLEARANCEINMBETWEENTHETIPOFTHECUPANDTHEWALLOFTHEDUCTWHENTHEPARAMETERSOFTHEPOTATOESAREKNO
20、WN,THEANGLEREQUIREDFORRELEASINGAPOTATOCANBECALCULATEDAPARTFROMITSSHAPEANDSIZE,THEPOSITIONOFTHEPOTATOONTHEBACKOFTHECUPISDETERMINATIVETHEREFORE,THEMODELDISTINGUISHESTWOPOSITIONSAMINIMUMREQUIREDGAP,EQUALTOTHEHEIGHTOFAPOTATOANDBMAXIMUMREQUIREDGAPEQUALTOTHELENGTHOFAPOTATOTHETIMETRELEASEINSNEEDEDTOFORMARE
21、LEASEANGLEAOISCALCULATEDASCALCULATINGTRELEASEFORDIFFERENTPOTATOESANDPOSSIBLEPOSITIONSONTHECUPYIELDSTHEDEVIATIONFROMTHEAVERAGETIMEINTERVALBETWEENCONSECUTIVEPOTATOESCOMBINEDWITHTHEDURATIONOFTHEFREEFALLANDTHEFIELDSPEEDOFTHEPLANTER,THISGIVESTHEPLANTINGACCURACYWHENTHEPOTATOISRELEASED,ITFALLSTOWARDSTHESOI
22、LSURFACEASEACHPOTATOISRELEASEDONAUNIQUEANGULARPOSITION,ITALSOHASAUNIQUEHEIGHTABOVETHESOILSURFACEATTHATMOMENTFIG2ASMALLPOTATOWILLBERELEASEDEARLIERANDTHUSATAHIGHERPOINTTHANALARGEONETHEMODELCALCULATESTHEVELOCITYOFTHEPOTATOJUSTBEFOREITHITSTHESOILSURFACEUENDINMS1THEINITIALVERTICALVELOCITYOFTHEPOTATOU0INM
23、S1ISASSUMEDTOEQUALTHEVERTICALCOMPONENTOFTHETRACKSPEEDOFTHETIPOFTHECUPTHERELEASEHEIGHTYRELEASEINMISCALCULATEDASWHEREYRINMISTHEDISTANCEBETWEENTHECENTREOFTHEROLLERLINEAINFIG2ANDTHESOILSURFACETHETIMEOFFREEFALLTFALLINSISCALCULATEDWITHWHEREGISTHEGRAVITATIONALACCELERATION98MS2ANDTHEFINALVELOCITYVENDISCALCU
24、LATEDASWITHV0INMS1BEINGTHEVERTICALDOWNWARDSPEEDOFTHEPOTATOATTHEMOMENTOFRELEASETHETIMEFORTHEPOTATOTOMOVEFROMLINEATOTHERELEASEPOINTTRELEASEHASTOBEADDEDTOTFALLTHEMODELCALCULATESTHETIMEINTERVALBETWEENTWOCONSECUTIVEPOTATOESTHATMAYBEPOSITIONEDINDIFFERENTWAYSONTHECUPSTHELARGESTDEVIATIONSININTERVALSWILLOCCU
25、RWHENAPOTATOPOSITIONEDLENGTHWISEISFOLLOWEDBYONEPOSITIONEDHEIGHTWISE,ANDVICEVERSA23THELABORATORYARRANGEMENTASTANDARDPLANTERUNITMIEDEMAHASSIASL46WASMODIFIEDBYREPLACINGPARTOFTHEBOTTOMENDOFTHESHEETMETALDUCTWITHSIMILARLYSHAPEDTRANSPARENTACRYLICMATERIALFIG3THECUPBELTWASDRIVENVIATHEROLLER8INFIG1,BYAVARIABL
26、ESPEEDELECTRICMOTORTHESPEEDWASMEASUREDWITHANINFRAREDREVOLUTIONMETERONLYONEROWOFCUPSWASOBSERVEDINTHISARRANGEMENTFIG3LABORATORYTESTRIGLOWERRIGHTPARTOFTHEBOTTOMENDOFTHESHEETMETALDUCTWASREPLACEDWITHTRANSPARENTACRYLICSHEETUPPERRIGHTSEGMENTFACEDBYTHEHIGHSPEEDCAMERAAHIGHSPEEDVIDEOCAMERASPEEDCAMPRO,WEINBERG
27、ERAG,DIETIKON,SWITZERLANDWASUSEDTOVISUALISETHEBEHAVIOUROFTHEPOTATOESINTHETRANSPARENTDUCTANDTOMEASURETHETIMEINTERVALBETWEENCONSECUTIVEPOTATOESASHEETWITHACOORDINATESYSTEMWASPLACEDBEHINDTHEOPENINGOFTHEDUCT,THEXAXISREPRESENTINGTHEGROUNDLEVELTIMEWASREGISTEREDWHENTHEMIDPOINTOFAPOTATOPASSEDTHEGROUNDLINESTA
28、NDARDDEVIATIONOFTHETIMEINTERVALBETWEENCONSECUTIVEPOTATOESWASUSEDASMEASUREFORPLANTSPACINGACCURACYFORTHEMEASUREMENTSTHECAMERASYSTEMWASSETTOARECORDINGRATEOF1000FRAMESPERSECONDWITHANAVERAGEFREEFALLVELOCITYOF25MS1,THEPOTATOMOVESAPPROX25MMBETWEENTWOFRAMES,SUFFICIENTLYSMALLTOALLOWANACCURATEPLACEMENTREGISTR
29、ATIONTHEFEEDINGRATESFORTHETESTOFTHEEFFECTOFTHESPEEDOFTHEBELTWERESETAT300,400AND500POTATOESMIN1FPOT5,67AND83S1CORRESPONDINGTOBELTSPEEDSOF033,045AND056MS1THESESPEEDSWOULDBETYPICALFORBELTSWITH3,2AND1ROWSOFCUPS,RESPECTIVELYAFIXEDFEEDINGRATEOF400POTATOESMIN1CUPBELTSPEEDOF045MS1WASUSEDTOASSESSTHEEFFECTOFT
30、HEPOTATOSHAPEFORTHEASSESSMENTOFANORMALDISTRIBUTIONOFTHETIMEINTERVALS,30POTATOESINFIVEREPETITIONSWEREUSEDINTHEOTHERTESTS,20POTATOESINTHREEREPETITIONSWEREUSED24STATISTICALANALYSISTHEHYPOTHESESWERETESTEDUSINGTHEFISHERTEST,ASANALYSISSHOWEDTHATPOPULATIONSWERENORMALLYDISTRIBUTEDTHEONESIDEDUPPERTAILFISHERT
31、ESTWASUSEDANDAWASSETTO5REPRESENTINGTHEPROBABILITYOFATYPE1ERROR,WHEREATRUENULLHYPOTHESISISINCORRECTLYREJECTEDTHECONFIDENCEINTERVALISEQUALTO100A3RESULTSANDDISCUSSION31CUPBELTSPEED311EMPIRICALRESULTSTHEMEASUREDTIMEINTERVALSBETWEENCONSECUTIVEPOTATOESTOUCHINGGROUNDSHOWEDANORMALDISTRIBUTIONSTANDARDDEVIATI
32、ONSSFORFEEDINGRATES300,400AND500POTATOESMIN1WERE330,205AND127MS,RESPECTIVELYFIG4NORMALDISTRIBUTIONOFTHETIMEINTERVALX,INMSOFDEPOSITIONOFTHEPOTATOESPOTFORTHREEFEEDINGRATESACCORDINGTOTHEFTESTTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENFEEDINGRATESWERESIGNIFICANTTHENORMALDISTRIBUTIONSFORALLTHREEFEEDINGRATESARESHOWNINFIG4THEAC
33、CURACYOFTHEPLANTERISINCREASINGWITHTHECUPBELTSPEED,WITHCVSOF86,71AND55,RESPECTIVELY312RESULTSPREDICTEDBYTHEMODELFIGURE5SHOWSTHEEFFECTOFTHEBELTSPEEDONTHETIMENEEDEDTOCREATEACERTAINOPENINGALINEARRELATIONSHIPWASFOUNDBETWEENCUPBELTSPEEDANDTHEACCURACYOFTHEDEPOSITIONOFTHEPOTATOESEXPRESSEDASDEVIATIONFROMTHET
34、IMEINTERVALTHESHORTERTHETIMENEEDEDFORCREATINGTHEOPENING,THESMALLERTHEDEVIATIONSRESULTSOFTHESECALCULATIONSAREGIVENINTABLE2FIG5EFFECTOFBELTSPEEDONTIMENEEDEDTOCREATEOPENINGTHESPEEDOFTHECUPTURNINGAWAYFROMTHEDUCTWALLISIMPORTANTINSTEADOFAHIGHERBELTSPEED,ANINCREASEOFTHECUPSCIRCUMFERENTIALSPEEDCANBEACHIEVED
35、BYDECREASINGTHERADIUSOFTHEROLLERTHERADIUSOFTHEROLLERUSEDINTHETESTIS0055M,TYPICALFORTHESEPLANTERSITWASCALCULATEDWHATTHERADIUSOFTHEROLLERHADTOBEFORLOWERBELTSPEEDS,INORDERTOREACHTHESAMECIRCUMFERENTIALSPEEDOFTHETIPOFTHECUPASFOUNDFORTHEHIGHESTBELTSPEEDTHISRESULTEDINARADIUSOF0025MFOR300POTATOESMIN1ANDOF00
36、41MFOR400POTATOESMIN1COMPAREDTOTHISOUTCOME,ALINEARTRENDLINEBASEDONTHERESULTSOFTHELABORATORYMEASUREMENTSPREDICTSAMAXIMUMPERFORMANCEATARADIUSOFAROUND0020MTHEMATHEMATICALMODELEQN5PREDICTEDALINEARRELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHERADIUSOFTHEROLLERFORR4001MANDTHEACCURACYOFTHEDEPOSITIONOFTHEPOTATOESTHEMODELWASUSEDTOE
37、STIMATESTANDARDDEVIATIONSFORDIFFERENTRADIIATAFEEDINGRATEOF300POTATOESMIN1THERESULTSAREGIVENINFIG6,SHOWINGTHATTHEMODELPREDICTSAMOREGRADUALDECREASEINACCURACYINCOMPARISONWITHTHEMEASUREDDATAARADIUSOF0025M,WHICHISPROBABLYTHESMALLESTRADIUSTECHNICALLYPOSSIBLE,SHOULDHAVEGIVENADECREASEINSTANDARDDEVIATIONOFAB
38、OUT75COMPAREDTOTHEORIGINALRADIUSFIG6RELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHERADIUSOFTHEROLLERANDTHESTANDARDDEVIATIONOFTHETIMEINTERVALOFDEPOSITIONOFTHEPOTATOESTHERELATIONSHIPISLINEARFORRADIIR4001M,K,MEASUREMENTDATAM,DATAFROMMATHEMATICALMODEL,EXTENDEDFORRO001M,LINEARRELATIONSHIPR2,COEFFICIENTOFDETERMINATION32DIMENSIONA
39、NDSHAPEOFTHEPOTATOESTHERESULTSOFTHELABORATORYTESTSAREGIVENINTABLE3ITSHOWSTHESTANDARDDEVIATIONSOFTHETIMEINTERVALATAFIXEDFEEDINGRATEOF400POTATOESMIN1THESERESULTSWERECONTRARYTOTHEEXPECTATIONSTHATHIGHERSTANDARDDEVIATIONSWOULDBEFOUNDWITHINCREASINGSHAPEFACTORSESPECIALLYTHEPOORRESULTSOFTHEBALLSWEREAMAZINGT
40、HESTANDARDDEVIATIONOFTHEBALLSWASABOUT50HIGHERTHANTHEOBLONGPOTATOESOFCVARINDATHENORMALDISTRIBUTIONOFTHETIMEINTERVALSISSHOWNINFIG7SIGNIFICANTDIFFERENCESWEREFOUNDBETWEENTHEBALLSANDTHEPOTATOESNOSIGNIFICANTDIFFERENCESWEREFOUNDBETWEENTHETWOPOTATOVARIETIESFIG7NORMALDISTRIBUTIONOFTHETIMEINTERVALX,INMSOFDEPO
41、SITIONOFTHEPOTATOESFORDIFFERENTSHAPEFACTORSATAFIXEDFEEDINGRATETHEPOORPERFORMANCEOFTHEBALLSWASCAUSEDBYTHEFACTTHATTHESEBALLSCOULDBEPOSITIONEDINMANYWAYSONTHEBACKOFTHECUPTHUS,DIFFERENTPOSITIONSOFTHEBALLSINADJACENTCUPSRESULTEDINALOWERACCURACYOFDEPOSITIONTHETHREEDIMENSIONALDRAWINGOFTHECUPBELTSHOWSTHESHAPE
42、OFTHEGAPBETWEENCUPANDDUCTILLUSTRATINGTHATDIFFERENTOPENINGSIZESAREPOSSIBLEFIG8ARINDATUBERSWEREDEPOSITEDWITHAHIGHERACCURACYTHANMARFONATUBERSANALYSISOFTHERECORDEDFRAMESANDTHEPOTATOES,DEMONSTRATEDTHATTHEPOTATOESOFCVARINDAALWAYSWEREPOSITIONEDWITHTHEIRLONGESTAXISPARALLELTOTHEBACKOFTHECUPTHUS,APARTFROMTHES
43、HAPEFACTOR,AHIGHERRATIOWIDTH/HEIGHTWILLCAUSEAGREATERDEVIATIONFORCVARINDA,THISRATIOWAS109,FORCVMARFONAITWAS11533MODELVERSUSLABORATORYTESTRIGTHEMATHEMATICALMODELPREDICTEDTHEPERFORMANCEOFTHEPROCESSUNDERDIFFERENTCIRCUMSTANCESTHEMODELSIMULATEDABETTERPERFORMANCEFORSPHERICALBALLSCOMPAREDTOPOTATOESWHEREASTH
44、ELABORATORYTESTSHOWEDTHEOPPOSITEANADDITIONALLABORATORYTESTWASDONETOCHECKTHERELIABILITYOFTHEMODELINTHEMODEL,THETIMEINTERVALBETWEENTWOPOTATOESISCALCULATEDSTARTINGPOINTISTHEMOMENTTHEPOTATOCROSSESLINEAANDENDPOINTISTHECROSSINGOFLINECFIG2INTHELABORATORYTESTRIGTHETIMEINTERVALBETWEENPOTATOESMOVINGFROMLINEAT
45、OCWASMEASUREDFIG3THELENGTH,WIDTHANDHEIGHTOFEACHPOTATOWASMEASUREDANDPOTATOESWERENUMBEREDDURINGTHEMEASUREMENTITWASDETERMINEDHOWEACHPOTATOWASPOSITIONEDONTHECUPTHISPOSITIONANDTHEPOTATODIMENSIONSWEREUSEDASINPUTFORTHEMODELTHEMEASUREMENTSWEREDONEATAFEEDINGRATEOF400POTATOESMIN1WITHPOTATOESOFCVARINDAANDMARFO
46、NATHESTANDARDDEVIATIONSOFTHEMEASUREDTIMEINTERVALSARESHOWNINTABLE4THEYWERESLIGHTLYDIFFERENTHIGHERFROMTHESTANDARDDEVIATIONSCALCULATEDBYTHEMODELEXPLANATIONSFORTHESEDIFFERENCESARE1THEMODELDOESNOTTAKEINTOCONSIDERATIONSITUATIONSASSHOWNINFIG8,2THEPASSINGMOMENTATLINEAANDCWASDISPUTABLEOBLONGPOTATOESSUCHASCVA
47、RINDAMAYFALLWITHTHETIPORWITHTHELONGESTSIZEDOWNTHISMAYCAUSEUPTO6MSDIFFERENCEFORTHEPOTATOTOREACHTHEBOTTOMLINEC4CONCLUSIONSTHEMATHEMATICALMODELSIMULATINGTHEMOVEMENTOFTHEPOTATOESATTHETIMEOFTHEIRRELEASEFROMTHECUPBELTWASAVERYUSEFULTOOLLEADINGTOTHEHYPOTHESESTOBETESTEDANDTODESIGNTHELABORATORYTESTRIGBOTHTHEM
48、ODELANDTHELABORATORYTESTSHOWEDTHATTHEHIGHERTHESPEEDOFTHEBELT,THEMOREUNIFORMTHEDEPOSITIONOFTHEPOTATOESATZEROHORIZONTALVELOCITYTHISWASDUETOTHEFACTTHATTHEOPENING,ALLOWINGTHEPOTATOTODROP,ISCREATEDQUICKERTHISLEAVESLESSEFFECTOFSHAPEOFTHEPOTATOANDTHEPOSITIONINGOFTHEPOTATOONTHECUPARELATIONSHIPWITHTHEBELTSPE
49、EDWASFOUNDSO,TOPROVIDEMOREROOMFORREDUCTIONSINTHECUPBELTSPEEDSWHILEKEEPINGAHIGHPLANTINGACCURACYITISRECOMMENDEDTODECREASETHERADIUSOFTHEROLLERTILLASLOWASTECHNICALLYPOSSIBLETHISSTUDYSHOWEDTHATTHEACCURACYOFPLANTINGDISTANCEINTHESEEDINGFURROWISINFLUENCEDFORALARGEPARTBYTHECUPBELTUNITOFTHEPLANTERAMOREREGULARSHAPELOWERSHAPEFACTORDOESNOTAUTOMATICALLYRESULTINAHIGHERACCURACYASPHEREGOLFBALLINMOSTCASESWASDEPOSITEDWITHALOWERACCURACYTHANAPOTATOTHISWASCAUSEDBYTHESHAPESOFTHEGUIDINGDUCTANDCUPSITISRECOMMENDEDTOREDESIGNTHEGEOMETRYOFTHECUPSANDDUCT,ANDTODOTHISINCOMBINATIONWITHASMALLERROLLERACKNOWLEDGEMENT
