1、语法精讲强化系列2. 非谓语动词,考点1非谓语动词作状语1. 不定式作状语(1)原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。(2)目的状语可与so as to/in order to替换, 但so as to一般不可置于句首。(3)结果状语常表示意想不到的结果, 常用only to do。,*I was satisfied to hear the news. (原因状语)*To catch the first bus, he got up very early. (目的状语)*I rushed to school only to find nobody was there. (结果状语)
2、,【点津】熟记不定式表结果的固定结构: only/just to. . . ; too. . . to. . . ; so/such as to. . . ; . . . enough(for sb. )to. . .,2. 分词作状语(1)v. -ing形式: 现在分词作状语, 用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系, 且含有进行之意。,(2)v. -ed形式: a. 过去分词作状语, 用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系, 且含有完成之意。,b. 源于系表结构的部分过去分词作
3、状语, 表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系, 其前不用being, 常见的有: seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、devoted(专注的)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。,*Not knowing what to do, I had to wait here. *Given more attention, the children could have grown better. *Absorbed in reading, we all didnt hear the soun
4、d. *Having driven all day, we were rather tired.,【点津】把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系, 区别现在分词与过去分词; 不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果, 现在分词作结果状语为客观上顺其自然而产生的结果; 准确理解形容词化的过去分词作状语的用法; 现在分词的完成式having done表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系, 同时分词动作先于句子谓语动词发生。,3. 有些分词或不定式短语作状语, 构成独立结构, 其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有: generally speaking一般来说; frankly speaking坦白地说
5、; judging from/by. . . 根据来判断; considering. . . /taking. . . into consideration考虑到; to tell you the truth说实话; compared to/with与相比较; to begin with首先; seeing. . . 鉴于/由于; supposing假设, 如果; assuming假使; given考虑到, 鉴于; provided(that. . . )如果; concerning关于,4. 独立主格结构(1)独立主格结构的特点: 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同, 它独立存在; 独立
6、主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关系; 独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。,(2)独立主格结构的构成: 名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词; 名词/代词+形容词; 名词/代词+副词; 名词/代词+不定式; 名词/代词+介词短语。,*The test finished(=When the test was finished), we began our holiday. *The president assassinated(=After the president was assassinated), the whole count
7、ry was in deep sorrow. *Weather permitting(=If weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2015全国卷)The walls are now cold enough(cool)the house during the hot day.,解题关键: 固定搭配enough to do sth. 表示“足以做某事”, to do作结果状语。答案判定: to cool,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式完成句子/单句改错1. (2015陕西高考)I might
8、 have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits. (改错)_,just后添加to,2. (2015四川高考)A few months later, while _ (eat), she would even turn her back to me. 3. (2015福建高考)Several years ago I received a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-fin
9、der, almost always _ (bother)by things.,eating,bothered,4. (2014湖南高考)_(free)ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.,To free,考点2非谓语动词作定语,*That can be a lot more efficient than pages explaining the data. *The problem discussed at last meeting was
10、 of great importance. *The matter being discussed now is of great importance. *The problem to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importance.,【点津】准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系; 准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间, 即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2015全国卷)A study of travelers _ (conduct) by the website T
11、ripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.,解题关键: 句意: 网站TripAdvisor进行的一项对于旅行者的调查把阳朔列为世界十佳旅游目的地之一。根据句意和句子结构可知, study与conduct构成逻辑上的被动关系, 故此处应该使用过去分词作定语, 修饰名词study。答案判定: conducted,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空1. (2015全国卷)It arranges quick getaways here for people _(live)in Shanghai an
12、d Hong Kong. 2. (2015全国卷)The adobe dwellings(土坯房) _(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired.,living,built,3. (2015全国卷)It carries articles _(write)by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. 4. (2015重庆高考)I learned through another womans eyes that my daught
13、er was still a good person despite her _(trouble)teenage years.,written,troubled,考点3非谓语动词作补足语1. “五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原), doing表主动或正在进行, done表被动或完成。*The missing boy was last seen playing nea
14、r the river.,2. 热点动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。*(2015浙江高考)I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener.,3. 固定短语, 如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb. to do sth. 等。*The patient was warned not to eat oily fo
15、od. 4. with复合结构常用形式:,*John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. *With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time. *With the little boy leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the village.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适
16、当形式填空(2015天津高考)Hed seen us_ (sit)by the lake all those times. 解题关键: 根据关键信息词all those times可知强调“一直坐在湖边”, 故用固定结构see sb. doing sth. 意为“看到某人一直做某事”, 符合语境。答案判定: sitting,【高考题组】单句改错1. (2015浙江高考)The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming. _,felt改为feel,2. (2015北京高考)The loud m
17、usic filled the room and made them to feel very happy. _3. (2015北京高考)“I heard you play the other night, ”she said. “The sounds woke me out of bed. ”_,to删掉,play改为playing,4. (2015四川高考)The groundhog still didnt have a problem with me scratch her back, and I got an idea. _,scratch改为scratching,考点4非谓语动词作宾
18、语非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式: 1. 只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语: suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, advise, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。,*I admit breaking the window. *Its quite hot today. Do you feel
19、 like going for a swim?今天很热, 你想去游泳吗?,2. 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语: wish, hope, decide, refuse, promise, pretend, manage, mean, plan, fail, choose, would like等。*If I fail to appear by 7 oclock, I will not be coming at all.,3. 既可用动名词又可跟不定式的动词和短语: remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, need, start, begin, try等。,
20、*Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed. *I remember reading about the earthquake in the newspaper. 4. it作形式宾语, 代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词。*I think it important to learn English well.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2015北京高考)Light can pass through without _(bend). 解题关键: without是介词, 其后面接动词时要用动名词作宾语, 即-ing形式。答
21、案判定: bending,【高考题组】单句改错1. (2015四川高考)I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. _,want后添加to,2. (2015四川高考)Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. _3. (2015全国卷)After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around. _,singsinging,lookslooking,考点5非谓语动词作主语、
22、表语或其他1. 非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式。(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作, 不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。,(2)it作形式主语, 代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有: It is/was no use/good + doing sth. ; It is/was not any use/good + doing sth. ; It is/was of little use/good + doing sth. ; It is/was useless doing; Its a waste of time doing sth. 等。,【点
23、津】在语篇中, 注意所填空前是否有it, 并进一步判定是不是形式主语或形式宾语it, 从而快速判定所填空是否要用to do或doing的相应形式。,2. 非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词作表语意为“令人感到的”, 而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到的”。*The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.,3. 固定句式do/have/其他动词+sth. +but(to)do sth. 中的不定式用法。此结构要遵循前有实义动词do, but后则无to, 反之则有to的原则。*He did no
24、thing but save the child without hesitation. *She had no choice but to cry in face of the difficulty.,【典例剖析】用所给词的适当形式填空(2014全国卷)It took years of work_(reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.,解题关键: 根据固定句式: It takes sb. some time to do sth. “做某事花了某人一段时间”, 可知此处填不定式to reduce。it是形式主语, 不定式to
25、reduce是真正的主语。答案判定: to reduce,【高考题组】用所给词的适当形式填空1. (2014广东高考)We got a little _ (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.,sunburned/sunburnt,2. (2014湖南高考)_(understand)your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. 3. (2013全国卷)Also, Id like you _(do)me a favor.,Understanding,to do,4. (2015全国卷)Sometimes _(give)from our need instead of our abundance is just what we need to do!,giving,
