NoSlideTitle-中国科学院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所[001].ppt

1、 育 化发 与进（Evolutionary developmental biology，常简称Evo-Devo）王 文中德Max Pl anck 年科 家小青 学 组源 化 家重点 室遗传资 与进 国 实验中 科 院昆明 物 究所国 学 动 研内容：1、进化发育生物学简介2、我们的思考和研究做科学要有好的科学问题：科学体系发展中不可回避、必须回答的问题可以操作的问题The Art of feasible!背景： 遗传、发育和进化是生命科 中的本 ，我 看到的各 各 的生学 质问题 们 种 样物 、器官和性 无不是千百万年 自然 固定 最后组织 状 来遗传变异经 选择 并通 体 育展 而 。 期

2、以 科 家 一直在 把 三方面 系过个 发 现 来 长 来 学 们 试图 这 联起 。 着分子生物 、 化基因 和 育生物 等 代生命科 和来 随 学 进 组学 发 学 现 学技 的迅速 展和 合， 努力首次 得富有希望。术 发 结 这种 变 20多年前 起兴的 化 育生物 （进 发 学 Evol uti onar y devel opmental bi ol ogy ，常简称Evo-Devo）是 希望的一 端， 科 基因表 在 育 程这种 个开 该学 试图从 达 发 过中的 化理解不同物 形 生和功能的 化变 种 态发 进 ( Hal l ， 1992）。Haeckels theory:On

3、togeny recapitulates phylogeny （1874） the fetal development of an individual (ontogeny) is a speeded-up replay of millions of years of species evolution (phylogeny) Thomas Hunt Morgan, “Embryology and Genetics” (1934)第一次提出了胚胎发育的可能细胞分化机制：基因表达的时空分化在过去的30年中，我们已经发现了各种动物均使用的发育调控基因基本的细胞过程，形成了“进化发育生物学”这一分支

4、学科。进化发育生物学（evolutionary developmental biology）：旨在阐明生物进化中发育过程和机制怎样改变以及这些改变如何造就过去和现在的生物多样性的一门学科。（Baguna and Garcia-Fernandez, 2003).物种之间发育基因的比较（Sean Carrol， 2005）常简称“Evo Devo”“Evo-devo“ is one of the newest areas of biology. It seeks to explain evolutionary events through the mechanisms of development

5、al biology. Its major questions are often the questions of the late 1800s which had been left waiting for other generations of biologists to unravel. We are those generations. These questions include: How did wings evolve? How did limbs evolve? How did vertebrates arise from invertebrates? How did v

6、ertebrates form their head? The Modern Synthesis of the 1930s and 1940s was the synthesis of evolutionary biology and population genetics. It is one of the greatest explanatory systems in science, and it explains incredibly well the origin, maintenance, and evolution of variations within populations

7、 of species. However, it did not identify the genes involved in these changes, nor did it explain the origin of higher taxa. Evolutionary developmental biology seeks to “complete” the synthesis by adding developmental genetics to population genetics. Traditional Evo-devo looks at the regulatory regi

8、ons of genes rather than their coding sequences. It emphasizes the arrival of the fittest rather than the survival of the fittest. _Stocks Locations toy intron1(847bp) locus sphinx (4257bp)_ _1 1 1111111111111 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 33 3 3 3 4Position 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 5 7 1 1 11111111122 2 2

9、 5 5 5 555555555555556666 6 8 9 1 2 7777777777777 7 7 7 8 9 9 0 1 2 2 2 5 7 0 11 1 8 9 01 4 8 8 9 0 4 4 6 1 3 5 9 1 3 99999999900 1 7 1 1 2 888899999999990000 5 1 2 3 9 2223333333334 5 8 9 8 1 3 3 4 2 4 4 4 0 0 33 7 0 1 03 1 0 1 3 4 2 2 2 0 7 8 0 6 0 12345678901 0 6 5 8 2 678901234567890123 4 5 0 8

10、9 7890124567890 5 1 9 7 9 7 4 7 6 1 5 0 6 8 67 1 7 5 4World populationcloss19 USA A A A C C T G C T A C C T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T Acloss20 USA A A A C C T G C T A C C T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G

11、C T A A G C A G AT C C T A253.4 Taiwan A A A C C T G C T A C T T C T ATTTTACAAAA A C T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T A253.27 Taiwan A A A C C T G C T A G T T C T ATTTTACAAAA A C T A A - G G T T G CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T AY2 Australia A

12、A A C C T G C T A C C T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T AY10 Australia A A A C C T G C T A C T T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T AYep25 Australia A A A C T T G C T A C T T C T ATTTTACAAA

13、A A T T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T Asouth1.10 Israel A A A C C T G C T A G T T C T ATTTTACAAAA A C T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T AsouthA.9 Israel A A A C C T G C T A G T T C T ATTTTACAAAA A C T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCG

14、CC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T AnorthN34 Israel A A A C C T G A T A G T T C T ATTTTACAAAA A C T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T Aprunay France A A A C C T G C T A C T T C T ATTTTACAAAA A C T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C

15、T ARio Brazil A A A C C T G C T A C T T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T Aok17 Zimbabwe A A A C C T G C T A G T T C T ATTTTACAAAA A C T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T AHg84 Zimbabwe A A A C C T G C T A G T T

16、C T ATTTTACAAAA A C T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C G - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T ALA79 Zimbabwe A T G T C C A C T G C T T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T C G T GGTGTATCATTTGCTTTC G G C T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - T - G C A C A A A A G AT T A T TZH56 Zimbabwe A T G T C C A C T G C T T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T C G

17、 T GGTGTATCATTTGCTTTC G G C T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - T - G C T C A A A A G AT T A T TZW30 Zimbabwe A T G T C C A C T G C T T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T C G T GGTGTATCATTTGCTTTC G G C T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - T - G C T C A A A A G AT T A T TZW56 Zimbabwe A T G T C C A C T G C T T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T C G T GGT

18、GTATCATTTGCTTTC G G C T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - T - G C T C A A A A G AT T A T Tcloss16 USA A T G T C C A C G G C T T C C ATTTTACAAAA A T C G T GGTGTATCATTTGCTTTC T G T T C -ACACACA C A - T - T T T C A G A T C - C A A Tnorth7.13 Israel A T G T C C A C G G C T T C C ATTTTACAAAA A T C G T GGTGTATCATTTGC

19、TTTC T G T T C -ACACACA C A - T - T C T C A G A T C - C A A T253.38 Taiwan A T G T C C A C T G C T T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T C G T GGTGTATCATTTGCTTTC T C T C C -ACACACA T A - T - T C T C T G A T C - C A A T253.35 Taiwan A T G T C C A C G G C T A T T - T T C G T GGTGTATCATTTGCTTTC T G T T C -ACACACA C A

20、T T - T C T C A G A T C - C A A T253.30 Taiwan T T G T C C A C T G C T T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T C G T GGTGTATCATTTGCTTTC T C T T C -ACACACA T A - T - T C T C A G A T C - C A A TNew York popalation (Upstate of New York, USA)closs3 USA A A A C C T G C T A C C T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T T A A - G G T T C CCCAC

21、AATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T Acloss4 USA A A A C C T G C T A C C T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T Acloss7 USA A A A C C T G C T A C C T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T

22、Acloss19 USA A A A C C T G C T A C C T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T Acloss20 USA A A A C C T G C T A C C T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T Acloss27 USA A A A C C T G C T A G T T C T A

23、TTTTACAAAA A C T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T Acloss28 USA A A A C C T G C T A C C T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCGCC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T Acloss29 USA A A A C C T G C T A C C T C T ATTTTACAAAA A T T A A - G G T T C CCCACAATCCG

24、CC C A - A T G C T A A G C A G AT C C T Acloss10 USA A T G T C C A C G G C T T C C ATTTTACAAAA A T C G T GGTGTATCATTTGCTTTC T G T T C -ACACACA C A - T - T T T C A G A T C - C A A Tcloss16 USA A T G T C C A C G G C T T C C ATTTTACAAAA A T C G T GGTGTATCATTTGCTTTC T G T T C -ACACACA C A - T - T T T C

25、A G A T C - C A A Tcloss26 USA A T G T C C A C G G C T T C C ATTTTACAAAA A T C G T GGTGTATCATTTGCTTTC T G T T C -ACACACA C A - T - T T T C A G A T C - C A A T_ _Polymorphism of gene toy and sphinx in a worldwide and a local Drosophilamelanogaster populationWang, W., Thornton, K., Berry, A. and Long,

26、 M. 2002, Science, 295: 134-137.群体遗传学案例（基因在群体中的变异情 ）No crossing overSubject to relentless selective sweep and background selectionin populationsDrosophilaChromosome Variations in 18 gene regions were investigated Wang, W., Thornton, K., Berry, A. and Long, M. 2002, Science, 295: 134-137. (1) Phylogeny (系 发育)Evo-Devo 中的 要 :