1、CoffeeFamily - RubiaceaeGenus - CoffeaSpecies - arabica and canephoraTwo Types of CoffeeAbout 90 Coffea spp in African Arabica, C. arabican Tetraploid, self fertilen Ethiopia highlands 1600m 15-24C 1300 mmn Best qualityn Susceptible to rustn Robusta, C. canephoran Diploid, self incompatiblen Rain fo
2、rest of Congo basin 750m 24-30C 1550 mmn Less flavor, acidityn Resistant to rustTwo Types of CoffeeAbout 90 Coffea spp in African Arabica, C. arabican Medium size tree 14-20 talln Medium vigor n LeavesSmallerThinnern Seedlings uniformn Robusta, C. canephoran Medium to large tree Up to 32 talln Vigor
3、ousn LeavesLargerThickern Seedlings variableDistribution of Cultivated CoffeeAmsterdamPariscanephoraarabicaYemen1710172516901700JavaMartinique1900Coffee Production and YieldAfrica AfricaC. AmerC. AmerS. America S. AmericaAsia AsiaWorld Coffee Productionn Brazil21.1%, arabicaOnly country with frost p
4、ossibility in coffee zonen Colombia13.9%, arabican Indonesia 7.3%, robustan Other important producing countriesVietnam, Mexico, Ethiopia, India, Guatemala, Ivory Coast, Uganda1996 data from Wilson, 1999. Coffee, Cocoa, and Tea. CABI Publishing.Major Consumersn High proportion imported by developed c
5、ountriesUSA 23%EEC 39%The Seed of the Fruit is the Economic PartA Drupe like a Peachn Both begin bearing in 3-4 yearsn Time to mature fruitArabica, 7-8 monthsRobusta, 11-12 monthsn Productive for 20-30 yearsn Both need pruning for best productionThe Coffee Fruit is called a Cherryn ExocarpRed skinn
6、MesocarpSweet pulpn Endocarp, hullTesta (silvery)Bean (embryo and cotyledons)The Coffee Fruit is called a Cherryn ExocarpRed skinn MesocarpSweet pulpn Endocarp, hullTesta (silvery)Bean (embryo and cotyledons) Parchment coffee is the bean, testa, endocarpFrom Wilson, 1999. Coffee, Cocoa, and Tea, CABI Publishing.
