1、Clinical Application and Advantage of Combined Acu-moxibustion and Medicine Therapy on Infertility 针药结合治疗不孕症的临床应用及其优势,Junling WangShenzhen Maternal and Child Healthcare HospitalSouthern Medical University,Main content 提纲,Definition,What is Infertility? Failure to achieve conception for two years in
2、spite of normal sexual life.(WHO , one year)受孕率统计: 3个月内:约有60%70% 6个月内:约有75%80% 12个月内:受孕率达85%以上。 2年内:受孕者占90%从统计结果看,婚后1年内受孕率最高因此,在临床上为了早诊断、早治疗,WHO建议将不孕的临床标准定为:1年(1995),TCM treatment for infertility 中医治疗,Main types of syndromes 主要证型kidney-deficiency (kidney-Yin or kidney-Yang deficiency) 肾虚(肾阴虚、肾阳虚)Liv
3、er depression 肝郁Deficiency ofQiand blood 气血两虚Phlegm-dampness syndrome 痰湿Dampness-heatsyndrome 湿热Blood stasis 血瘀,Syndrome differentiationand treatment 辨证论治,1.Kidney-Yang deficiency 肾阳虚 Commonly seen in hypoplasia of uterus, ovulatory dysfunction, amenorrhea多见于子宫发育不良、排卵功能障碍、闭经等Symptoms :Delayed menstr
4、ual cycle and hypomenorrhea, dim complexion, coldlimbs, pale tongue with whitish fur, deep and thready pulse 症状:月经后期量少、腰膝酸软、面色晦暗、四肢不温、舌淡苔白脉沉细等Recipe:Modified Youguiwan 右归丸加减,肾阳虚,组成:熟附子10克,肉桂1.5克(焗服),菟丝子20克,淫羊藿15克,鹿角胶10克(另溶,或用鹿角霜15克代),枸杞子15克,当归15克,熟地20克,党参20克,白术15克,炙甘草5克。方解:方中用熟附子、肉桂温肾壮阳暖宫,菟丝子、淫羊藿、鹿角
5、胶补肾益精,枸杞子、当归、熟地养血调经,党参、白术健脾益气,炙甘草调和。,肾阳虚,加减法:月经后期未至,加川芎10克,丹参20克,牛膝15克以活血调经。基础体温显示有排卵但黄体不健,加紫河车10克(先煎)以补肾益精、大补气血。夜尿频多加金樱子20克,覆盆子15克以益肾涩精。,肾阳虚病案,典型病例:莫,女,30岁,服务员。患者结婚5年,曾自然流产2次,末次流产至今3年,未避孕而未受孕,经多间医院中西医治疗无效,月经后期,量少色淡,形寒肢冷,腰膝酸软,面色淡黯,夜尿频多,纳呆便溏,舌质淡,苔薄白,脉沉细。今月经过期五天未潮,妇科检查无异常,基础体温测定呈单相无排卵。诊为不孕症,排卵功能障碍,中医证
6、属肾阳虚型。,拟方:熟附子10克,肉桂1.5克(焗服),淫羊藿15克,菟丝子20克,党参20克,白术15克,熟地20克,当归15克,川芎10克,牛膝15克,丹参20克,每日1剂,复煎再服。用药7剂,复诊诉畏寒肢冷明显好转,基础体温已上升呈双相,上方去川芎、牛膝、丹参,加紫河车12克(先煎),黄芪15克,枸杞子15克。用药两周,基础体温持续不降,去当归,加川续断15克,杜仲15克。,用药一周,基础体温仍未降,查尿妊娠试验阳性,改方:菟丝子30克,川续断15克,杜仲15克,淫羊藿15克,桑寄生15克,阿胶10克(另溶),党参20克,黄芪15克,白术15克,砂仁5克(后下)。治疗至怀孕3个月,无流产
7、征象,间断服药至怀孕4个月停药,后足月顺产一女婴,生长发育良好。,2.kidney-Yin deficiency 肾阴虚 Symptoms : Delayed menstrual cycle , soreness-tired of waist and knee, insomnia, constipation, red tongue with less fur, thready and fast pulse 症状:月经先期、腰膝酸软、失眠、便秘、舌红少苔、脉细数等 Recipe:Modified Liuwei Dihuang Pills and Erzhi Pills 六味地黄丸合二至丸加减,组
8、成:山茱萸15g,泽泻15g,熟地15g,丹皮10g,淮山药15g,茯苓20g,女贞子15g,旱莲草15g,菟丝子20g,桑椹子15g。方解:方中用六味地黄汤滋肾养阴,女贞子、旱莲草滋养肝肾,菟丝子、桑椹子补肾益精调冲。,加减法:阴虚火旺,见五心烦热、午后潮热、口干口苦者,熟地改生地20g,加知母10g,黄柏10g,龟板15g(先煎)以清热降火、育阴填精。兼肝气郁结,见抑郁、胁痛、善叹息者,加白芍15g,郁金15g以疏肝解郁。心悸失眠者,加五味子10g,酸枣仁10g,柏子仁15g以养心安神。大便干结者加玄参15g,生地20g,厚朴15g,枳实10g以润肠通便。,3. Liver depress
9、ion 肝郁Commonly seen in menstrual disorder, hyperprolactinaemic(HPRL), luteal phase defect (LPD) 多见于月经失调、高催乳素血症、黄体功能不全等Symptoms :menstrual disorder , fussy temper and irascibility, mammary swelling pain , wiry pulse 症见月经失调,急躁易怒,乳房胀痛、脉弦Recipe:Modified Ease Powder 逍遥散加减,组成:柴胡10g,白芍15g,当归15g,茯苓15g,白术10g
10、,香附10g,女贞子15g,菟丝子15g,桑椹子15g,甘草5g。方解:方中用柴胡、白芍、香附疏肝解郁,当归养血调经,茯苓、白术健脾理脾,女贞子、菟丝子、桑椹子滋养肝肾调经,甘草调和诸药。,加减法:胸胁胀痛加郁金15g,素馨花5g。经期乳房胀痛加青皮10g,橘核15g。有溢乳加炒麦芽60g。经行不畅加丹参20g,牛膝15g。经行少腹疼痛加木香10g,延胡索15g。肝郁化火见口干口苦、烦躁易怒加丹皮10g,栀子10g,夏枯草15g。肝阴不足加沙参15g,麦冬15g,枸杞子15g。,肝郁病案,典型病例:张,女,27岁,待业。患者结婚3年余,婚前曾人流一次,婚后未避孕,夫妻同居至今未孕,月经失调,先
11、后不定,量少色黯,经前乳房胀痛,平常挤压乳房有溢乳,胸胁胀痛,少腹隐痛,情志抑郁,善叹息,失眠多梦,舌质偏红,苔薄白,脉弦。妇科检查无异常发现,挤压乳房见少量乳汁溢出。基础体温呈单相,内分泌检查提示血中催乳素偏高,输卵管通液试验示输卵管通畅,爱人精液检查正常。,诊为不孕症,高催乳素血症,中医证属肝郁型。拟方:柴胡10克,白芍15克,当归10克,香附10克,郁金15克,女贞子15克,菟丝子15克,青皮10克,炒麦芽60克,甘草5克。上方随证加减,治疗3个月,月经周期正常,基础体温呈双相,乳房胀痛减轻,泌乳明显减少,继续治疗3个月而怀孕。,4.Deficiency ofqiand blood 气血
12、两虚Commonly seen in Sheehans syndrome, chronic wasting disease 多见于席汉氏综合征、慢性消耗性疾病等病Symptoms : Delayed menstrual cycle and hypomenorrhea , fatigue and lassitude, dizziness , pale tongue ,feeble pulse 症状:月经后期,量少,神疲乏力,头晕,舌淡脉弱等Recipe: Modified Decoction of eight ingredients 八珍汤加减,组成:当归15g,熟地30g,白芍15g,川芎10
13、g,党参20g,黄芪20g,白术15g,紫河车15g(先煎),枸杞子15g,炙甘草5g。方解:方中用当归、熟地、白芍、川芎养血调经,党参、黄芪、白术、炙甘草健脾益气,紫河车、枸杞子滋肾益精,养血调经。,加减法:兼肾虚见腰膝酸软者加菟丝子20g,川续断15g,巴戟天15g以补肾。兼下焦虚寒见下腹冷痛者加艾叶10g,肉桂1.5g(焗服)以温经散寒。性欲淡漠者,加淫羊藿15g,仙茅15g,锁阳15g以温肾壮阳。心悸失眠者,加五味子10g,酸枣仁10g以养心安神。,5.Phlegm-dampness syndrome 痰湿 Commonly seen in PCOS, amenorrhea, mens
14、trual disorder 多见于多囊卵巢综合征、闭经、月经失调等Symptoms : oligomenorrhea,obesity, abdominal distension and impaired appetite, increased leucorrhea, fat tongue with greasy fur 月经稀发、形体肥胖、脘痞纳呆、带下量多、舌胖苔腻Recipe: Modified Qigongwan 启宫丸加减,组成:法夏15g,陈皮5g,茯苓30g,苍术10g,胆南星15g,当归15g,川芎10g,香附10g,党参15g,白术15g。方解:方中用法夏、陈皮、茯苓、苍术、
15、胆南星燥湿化痰,当归、川芎活血养血调经,香附理气调经,党参、白术健脾益气化湿。,加减法:兼肾虚见腰酸耳鸣者,加川续断15g,菟丝子20g,巴戟天15g以补肾益精。形寒肢冷者,加熟附子10g,肉桂1.5g(焗服)以温肾壮阳。月经后期未至者,加牛膝15g,泽兰10g,丹参20g以活血通经。卵巢稍增大者,加穿山甲15g(先煎),浙贝15g以软坚散结。,痰湿病案,典型病例:朱,女,29岁,工人。患者结婚3年余,同居未孕,婚后体重增加约30斤,形体肥胖,面色恍白,月经稀发,36月一行,量少色淡,肢体多毛,胸闷痰多,神疲乏力,带下量多,色白质稀,舌质淡胖,苔白腻,脉细滑。曾在多间医院就诊,诊为多囊卵巢综合
16、征,经治疗未效。转我院妇科检查基本正常,B型超声波检查提示:子宫大小形态正常,双侧卵巢稍大,呈多囊性变,基础体温测定呈单相,输卵管通液试验示输卵管通畅,丈夫精液常规检查正常。,诊为不孕症,拟诊多囊卵巢综合征,中医证属痰湿型。拟方:法夏15克,陈皮5克,茯苓30克,苍术15克,胆南星15克,浙贝15克,当归15克,川芎10克,菟丝子20克,川续断15克。用药两个月,月经仍未潮,中药加牛膝15克,泽兰10克,西药用达芙通10毫克,每天2次,连用7天,月经来潮,月经周期第五天服用克罗米酚50毫克,每天1次,连用5天,测量基础体温呈单相。,月经后期20天来潮,量少色淡,月经第五天服用克罗米酚100毫克
17、,每天1次,连用5天,基础体温呈现双相,中药加用紫河车15克(先煎),并嘱排卵期前后隔天性交,基础体温持续不降,改方:桑寄生15克,川续断15克,菟丝子30克,法夏10克,陈皮5克,茯苓15克,党参15克,白术15克,砂仁5克(后下),查妊娠试验阳性,证实怀孕,后足月剖腹产一男婴,生长发育正常。,6.Dampness-heatsyndrome 湿热 Commonly seen in vaginitis,pelvic inflammation多见于阴道炎、盆腔炎等病Symptoms : Increased yellow leucorrhea, hypogastric pain,thirst, d
18、ry stool, red tongue with yellow sticky coating, rapid pulse 症状:带下量多色黄,小腹疼痛,口干,大便干结,舌红苔黄腻,脉数Recipe: Modified Penyan soup and zhidai soup 盆炎方合止带方加减,组成:赤芍15g,丹皮10g,丹参20g,川萆薢15g,车前子15g,败酱草20g,毛冬青20g,银花藤30g,香附10g,木香10g(后下)。方解:方中用败酱草、毛冬青、银花藤清热解毒利湿,川萆薢、车前子利水渗湿,赤芍、丹皮、丹参活血化瘀,香附、木香行气止痛。,加减法:热偏盛见发热恶寒、口干口苦者,加黄
19、柏10g,黄芩10g以清热泻火。大便干结者加大黄10g,厚朴15g,枳实15g以通腑泻热。输卵管阻塞者,加路路通30g,威灵仙15g以通络。 此型应根据阴道炎、盆腔炎的不同,配合中药外洗、坐浴、保留灌肠、敷药等外治法治疗。,7.Blood stasis 血瘀Commonly seen in salpingemphraxis, endometriosis,hysteromyoma,intrauterine adhesion 多见于输卵管阻塞、子宫内膜异位症、子宫肌瘤、宫腔粘连等病Symptoms :Menses with dysmenorrhea and gore,hypomenorrhea,h
20、ypogastric pain,dark tongue with bruises, unsmooth pulse 月经量少有血块、痛经、小腹疼痛,舌黯有瘀斑脉涩等Recipe: Modified Exfetation Formula 宫外孕号方加减,组成:赤芍15g,丹参30g,桃仁10g,三棱10g,莪术10g,路路通30g,当归15g,川芎10g,香附10g,鳖甲15g(先煎)。方解:方中用赤芍、丹参、桃仁、三棱、莪术活血化瘀,路路通、鳖甲软坚散结通络,当归、川芎养血活血调经,香附理气止痛。,加减法:寒邪凝结,见小腹冷痛,得热痛减,舌质淡黯者,加桂枝10g,吴茱萸10g,小茴香5g,艾叶1
21、0g以温经散寒。瘀热互结,见口干口苦,舌质暗红,苔黄者,加丹皮10g,栀子10g,黄柏10g以清热舒肝。大便干结者,加大黄10g,厚朴15g,枳实15g以通腑泻热。兼气虚见神疲乏力,面色恍白,舌质淡者,加党参20g,黄芪20g,白术15g以益气健脾。月经淋漓不净者,加益母草30g,金樱子30g,去三棱、莪术。,Western Medical treatment 西医治疗,General treatment 一般治疗1.A healthy body leads to a healthier sex life: Getting rid of bad habits like smoking and
22、drinking is an importantway to keephealthy; activetreatmentis equallyimportantif unfortunately diagnosed with chronic disease.加强体质,增进健康:戒除吸烟、酗酒等不良习惯,积极治疗全身慢性疾病,这样有利于不孕症病人恢复生育能力。,Western Medical treatment 西医治疗 Etiological treatment 病因治疗,1. Ovulation induction 诱发排卵; 2. Luteal support 补充或促进黄体功能; 3. Imp
23、rovement of cervical mucus改善宫颈粘液; 4.Treating tubal disease 治疗输卵管堵塞 5.Treatment of organic disease 治疗器质性疾病 6. Regulating immune function 免疫治疗 7.Assisted reproductive techniques(ART)辅助生殖技术,中医药辨病治疗,1、诱发排卵:中药调经促排卵:在辨证用药的基础上,应结合月经周期的不同阶段用药。在月经干净后,适当应用熟地、当归、首乌、菟丝子、女贞子、山茱萸、桑寄生、鸡血藤等滋养肝肾、养血益精之中药,以促进卵泡的发育。在用上
24、药10剂左右,待卵泡发育到一定程度,适当应用川芎、赤芍、丹参、牛膝、桃仁等活血化瘀药以促使排卵。,耳穴贴治,卵泡生长期:月经周期916d。 辅助治疗:耳穴贴治:选贴心、肝、肾、脾四穴,按压 12次/d,510分钟/次,共奏卵泡生长。,2. Luteal support 补充或促进黄体功能,中药治疗:基础体温测定或B超监测排卵后,即可在辨证的基础上,适当应用紫河车、淫羊藿、菟丝子、川续断、补骨脂、仙茅、杜仲等温肾益精的中药以促进及补充黄体功能。,如偏肾阳虚者,可加入熟附子、肉桂,偏肾阴虚者,可加入山茱萸、女贞子、枸杞子等药。尤其是紫河车(即胎盘)一药,是血肉有情之品,功能大补气血益精髓,据现代药
25、理研究,含有雌激素和胎盘绒毛膜促性腺激素,临床应用于黄体功能欠佳的不孕患者,疗效显著。,3.Treating tubal disease治疗输卵管阻塞,TCM treatment 中医治疗 Oral administration : properly promote blood circulation and remove obstruction in collaterals based on syndrome differentiation辨证的基础上适当应用活血通络药物 Retention enema of TCM: Chinese herbs decoction 100ml,Qd 中药保
26、留灌肠:取药液100ml,每天一次Herbal penetration therapy:local application with the steam-heated medicine pack 中药外敷:中药药包蒸热后敷于下腹部Acupuncture: acupuncture on abdominal points针灸治疗:腹部穴位针灸,输卵管堵塞的中医治疗,中药内服:在辨证用药的基础上,适当应用路路通、毛冬青、赤芍、丹参、三棱、莪术、牛膝、王不留行等活血化瘀通络药物。中药保留灌肠:可用复方毛冬青液或拟方:路路通30克,毛冬青30克,三棱10克,莪术10克,蛇舌草20克,败酱草20克。煎水取
27、药液100毫升行保留灌肠,每天1次。,输卵管堵塞中医的治疗,中药外敷:四黄水蜜 用四黄散(含大黄、黄芩、黄柏、黄连)适量,加温开水拌匀搅成饼状,表面涂以蜜糖,用布包好外敷下腹部,每日12次,10次为一疗程,可连续应用,月经期暂停。,输卵管堵塞的治疗,中药外敷:拟方:吴茱萸10克,桂枝10克,桃仁15克(打),红花10克,大黄20克,黄柏20克。用布包好,隔水蒸1015分钟后取出敷下腹部,表面可放置热水袋,待药袋冷时取出挂起,下次敷时再蒸热,每袋药可蒸5次,每天敷12次,月经期暂停。,Limitation of modern medicine西医治疗不孕症存在的局限性,Ovarian hyper
28、stimulation syndrome (OHSS):caused by superovulation 超排卵引起卵巢过度刺激综合征Relapse of pelvic adhesions after laparoscopy:lower pregnancy rate 腹腔镜术后盆腔粘连复发,受孕率降低 ,Advantages of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine on infertility 中西医结合治疗不孕症的优势,Pelvic inflammatory disease 中西医结合治疗盆腔炎性不孕,Laparoscop
29、y combined with TCM treatment 腹腔镜手术配合中医中药治疗 goals alleviating symptoms successful pregnancy 治疗目的:缓解症状和恢复生育能力Advantages:优势Accelerate the absorption of inflammatory exudation and prevent hyperplasia of connective tissue 加速炎性渗出吸收,抑制结缔组织增生Consolidatecurativeeffectwithlowerrecurrence rate 巩固手术疗效,降低复发率,In
30、fertility related to endometriosis 子宫内膜异位症性不孕,Summary statement 概述Prevalence:发病率 Endometriosis affects 5% -10% of women of reproductive age and 25% -50% infertile women 育龄期女性此病发病率为5%-10%,不孕患者中25%-50%合并子宫内膜异位症2. Diagnosis:诊断 the gold standard:laparoscopy 金标准:腹腔镜3.Main therapy:主要治疗手段surgical managemen
31、t plus hormonal treatment 手术和激素In Vitro Fertilization(IVF) 体外受精,我们的研究提示,中西医结合治疗子宫内膜异位症性不孕有以下优势:1、术后中药治疗不影响内分泌与排卵,可充分利用术后半年、1年内最佳的妊娠时机,边治疗内异症边助孕。2、中西医结合治疗可缓解临床症状,调理月经,提高受孕率,降低复发率。在低副作用的前提下能缩短术后妊娠时间。3、相较于使用西药GnRh-a副作用低,价格便宜。4、术后使用GnRh-a有一定的疗效,但优势并没有超过中医药。,中医认为内异症不孕病机以“瘀”为主治疗上运用活血祛瘀、调理冲任为法。如:罗氏内异方(广州中医
32、药大学制剂)罗氏内异方:组成:益母草,桃仁,土鳖虫,川芎,山楂,丹参等功效:活血化瘀、行气止痛、软坚散结,罗元恺教授论治不孕症学术经验介绍,突出肾主生殖:创造性地提出“肾-天癸-冲任-子宫轴”的理论不孕必须夫妇双方诊治强调医无定方、结合辨病辨证:“种子之方, 本无定轨, 因人而药, 各有所宜”;临证时辨证与辨病结合,既充分发挥中医的优势, 又善于吸收西医之长为己所用种子首重调经:“经调然后子嗣”安胎尤重肾脾:自然流产的病机不外乎肾脾、气血、冲任二脉之耗损,而以肾气亏损为主要病因。指导心理调摄、注意生活因素,“突出肾主生殖”,罗教授认为妊娠与肾气和冲任二脉有极其密切的关系。妊娠之机理, 主要在于
33、男女肾气的盛实, 使男精女血(卵子)得到有机的结合。认为中医学所说的肾,包括男女生殖系统的物质功能和与之有关的神经-体液系统的功能。80 年代初, 罗教授从生理、病理、诊断、治疗、 方药等方面深人地论述肾主生殖的学术思想, 创造性地提出“肾-天癸-冲任-子宫轴”的理论, 对学术界影响颇大。,“强调医无定方、结合辨病辨证”,罗教授把不孕症分为5个主要证型, 并结合辨病治疗。如辨治肾阳虚证, 认为检查如属无排卵者, 多属于肾阳虚为主而兼肾阴不足, 治以温肾为主而兼滋阴, 可于经净后服促排卵汤(菟丝子、巴戟天、淫羊蕾、当归、党参、炙甘草、枸杞子、附子、熟地黄)约12剂, 以促进其排卵;气滞血瘀不孕多
34、属于西医所称之子宫内膜异位症或慢性盆腔炎、输卵管不通、子宫肌瘤等症, 其病机均属气滞血瘀, 治疗原则总以活血化瘀或兼行气散结。,“种子首重调经”,罗教授对调经促排卵、调经助孕, 有丰富的经验;他明确地指出: “妇女不孕, 首重调经, 经调然后子嗣”。 拟补肾调经汤(熟地黄、菟丝子、续断、党参、炙甘草、白术、制何首乌、枸杞子、金樱子、桑寄生、黄精、鹿角霜)以建立月经周期; 预计排卵期间, 加入温补肾阳之品如淫羊藿、补骨脂、仙茅、巴戟天之类以促其排卵。,“安胎尤重肾脾”,罗教授认为导致先兆流产与习惯性流产的病机, 不外乎肾脾、气血、冲任二脉之耗损,而以肾气亏损为主要病因;治疗上除应以滋肾为主, 同
35、时必须辅以健脾以调理气血, 使肾与脾, 先天与后天相互支持,相互促进以巩固胎元; 对于习惯性流产, 在下次受孕前便要调理, 而在调理期间必须避孕。强调胎漏、胎动不安固然以肾虚为主, 但与气虚失摄也有关系, 故立方处药, 既要固肾安胎,也要补气摄血, 由此创制了防治流产的滋肾育胎丸。,滋肾育胎丸:,方中以熟地黄为君药滋阴养血,补精益髓;臣以首乌、枸杞子、阿胶补益肝肾,生精补血;鹿角霜、巴戟天补肾助阳;佐以菟丝子、桑寄生、续断、杜仲固肾安胎;人参、党参、白术补虚扶正,益气健脾;艾叶温经散寒;砂仁行气安胎。诸药配合,共奏补肾健脾,益气培元,养血安胎之功。用于脾肾两虚,冲任不固所致的滑胎。现代研究其主
36、要药理作用:促进卵巢激素分泌、促进排卵;促进卵巢、子宫的生长发育。,“指导心理调摄、注意生活因素”,流产与不孕不育患者都有明显的心理压力或障碍;生活因素主要是饮食、房室、劳逸、跌仆等, 这些因素可从不同的侧面影响孕育; 罗教授对于不孕不育患者除药物调治外, 兼辅以心理上的开导及设法获得舒适的环境,同时提倡饮食调节。 - 张玉珍,罗颂平. 罗元恺教授论治不孕不育症学术经验介绍J. 新中 医,2002(04):79.,Main content 提纲,Combined Acu-moxibustion and Medicine Treatment on Primary ovarian insuffic
37、iency (POI)针药结合治疗卵巢功能低下,Junling WangShenzhen Maternal and Child Healthcare HospitalSouthern Medical University,1. Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) represents impaired ovarian function on a continuum with intermittent ovulation(rather than a specific endpoint). 卵巢功能低下是指卵巢功能尚未衰竭,仅促卵泡素(FSH)稍微高于正常而出现
38、的一系列综合证。2. Premature ovarian failure (POF) refers to development of amenorrhea due to follicular dysfunction or follicular depletion before the age of 40 years. 卵巢早衰 在40岁前由于卵巢内卵泡耗竭或被破坏而发生的卵巢功能衰竭。,Definition 定义,The term “insufficiency” is preferable to “failure” , because it encompasses ovarian dysfu
39、nction ranging from subfertility with residual follicular activity to complete follicle exhaustion , and is less stigmatizing.“卵巢功能低下”这一概念囊括了仍有残余卵泡到卵泡耗竭的病理变化过程,较“卵巢早衰” 更符合临床,且不会造成患者产生精神压力。,Nomenclature 描述卵巢功能衰退的几个相关概念,早绝经(Premature menopause )POD(Premature ovarian dysfunction)POF (Premature ovarian
40、failure)POI (Primary ovarian insufficiency)POA (Premature ovarian aging)POR (Poor ovarian reserve)DOR (Diminished ovarian reserve),Epidemiology 发病率,Prevalence of POF is between 1% to 3.8%POF occurs in 1028% of women with primary amenorrhea and 418% of women with secondary amenorrhea. 卵巢早衰占成年女性的1-3.8
41、%;原发性闭经患者中发病率为10-28,占继发性闭经患者的4%18%.The ovarian function in POF is not irreversible 部分患者的POF是可逆的,Initial follicular count 基础卵泡池,Primary POI :probably induced by insufficient initial follicular count原发性卵巢功能不全(POI )的女性的基础卵泡池可能相对较小。The most relevant factors that influence ovarianreserve and primordial f
42、ollicle loss : gynecologic surgery, chemo-/radiotherapy, smoking , infections , endometriosis and autoimmune diseases.某些损伤或疾病是卵泡池的储备进一步减少,如手术、放疗、化疗、免疫性因素、吸烟与被动吸烟、内异症、炎症破坏等,主要原因在于使卵巢皮质或血供减少。,Etiology 病因,Autoimmune aetiology 自身免疫因素Chromosome abnormality 染色体异常Mutations in hormone receptors/actions 促性腺激
43、素及其受体异常Infectious causes 感染因素 Latrogenically induced POF 医源性因素,Clinical features 临床表现,1). Secondary amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea, anovulation, infertility and perimenopausal symptoms such as vaginal atrophy, dyspareunia,hot flushes, night sweats,mood swings and insomnia. 继发闭经或月经周期延长、无排卵、不孕、阴道干涩、性欲低下
44、、颧红盗汗、情绪波动、失眠等围绝经期症状。2).Ovarian poor response 卵巢低反应3).Recurrent spontaneous abortion 复发性流产,Clinical features 临床表现,Typical presentation :secondary amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea 闭经是POF的主要临床表现Before menstruation stops completely,irregular cycles occur including oligomenorrhea or dysfunctional uterine bl
45、eeding POF前月经改变的形式很不一致,约有50%患者会月经稀发或不规则子宫出血,Long term consequences 长期影响,Infertility 不孕 Hypoestrogenism including osteoporosis, accelerated cardiovascular aging, and neurocognitive disorders. 雌激素低下引起的骨质疏松、心血管加速老化以及神经认知障碍。 Psychosexual dysfunction, mood disorders 性心理障碍、情绪异常,Predictorsof decreased ovar
46、ianreserve IVF前卵巢储备功能下降常用的预测指标,年龄38岁 基础 FSH10IU/L40IU/L,E243.9pmol/l AFC5个 MOD2cm AMH下降0.5-1ng/ml,POI病程,NIHASRM将疾病分为四个阶段:正常、隐匿性、生化异常、临床异常。,Diagnosis 诊断,There is no consensus of POI diagnostic criteria.目前尚无公认的最佳指标和诊断标准 exist differences among individuals influenced by multiple factors存在极大的个体差异,多种影响因素
47、 the adoption of the multi-indexes to synthetically assess will be more scientific 多项指标结合应用将获得更好的效果,Commonly used diagnosticcriteria常用诊断标准,Age 40IU/L , E273.2pmol/L(两次以上) , detected on at least two occasions a few weeks apartMenopausal symptoms and irregular menstruation 症状体征:月经紊乱,绝经症状Ultrasound: AF
48、C5, the atrophy of reproductive organ 超声检查:AFC5,生殖器官萎缩,Treatment 治疗,Regimens 治疗手段 psychosocial support 心理支持治疗 hormone replacement therapy (HRT) 激素替代疗法 fertility concerns 不孕的治疗,Fertility concerns 不孕的治疗,Spontaneous pregnancies have been reported in approximately 510% of cases 据报道,约5-10%的POI患者能自然怀孕With ovulation induction or oocyte donation in IVF programmes, it is possible to achieve pregnancy. 通过使用促排卵药物或借助于IVF,POI患者完全有希望获得妊娠。,