1、英语专业四级考试 语法精讲虚拟语气第一部分：概述虚拟语气类型（宾语从句；状语从句；名词性从句（主语从句，同位语从句， 表语从句）；定语从句；特殊类型 （感叹句）；省略 if 的虚拟法 （倒装）Examples The rapid change of society requires that college students adapt to the world outside campus by getting to know the society.I would rather that you did nothing for the time being.I wish that I we
2、re a student again.I wished that I had followed his suggestion.名词性从句中的虚拟主语从句(it is +adj./p.p that)同位语从句(The +n. that )表语从句(n. +be that)省略 if 的虚拟法 （倒装）(1)虚拟语气中如果从句引导词 if / whether 省略，从句中需要倒装，提前助动词(系动词）或情态动词。Eg. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not be able to have the sports meeting. =Should it ra
3、in tomorrow, we should not be able to have the sports meeting.省略 if 的虚拟法 （倒装）(2)Eg. Whether it (may) be fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting. =Be it fine or rainy, we would have the sports meeting.If she had been given more information, she could have answered the questions.=Had she been
4、given more information, she could have answered the questions.第二部分 详解 so is silver.John failed in the exam; so did Mark.He takes part in sports activities, so do his classmates.I have been to the Temple of Heaven, so has she.平衡倒装There+be 或其它不及物动词 come，go，happen，occur，stand，exist等结构中，为避免句子头重脚轻，平衡倒装。T
5、here stands an old house that is being pulled down.There existed a hostile relationship between the two families.There are many hobbies involving the creativity of a person.Such/sothat 句型中的倒装Such/sothat 句型中 such+名词或 so+形容词，副词等位于句首时，主句中主谓倒装。So badly was he injured in the accident that he had to stay
6、in the hospital for treatment.So excited was I that I didnt know what to say.比较状语从句中的倒装than 引导的比较状语从句中，主从句谓语趋向中间以达到平衡，此时从句要求主谓倒装。Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology, man is less limited by nature than were his forefathers/ancestors.表频率的状语至于句首倒装表频率的状语至于句首，倒装。Many a time has
7、 he given us sound advice.Twice a week does he go to visit his grandparents.More than once have we heard him make such promises.As, though 让步状语从句中倒装在以 as，though 引导的让步状语从句中，从句常用倒装语序，把表语或状语提前。（名，形，副， 动词）Child that he is, he can distinguish between right and wrong.Intelligent as/though you are, you sho
8、uld be modest.Much as I admire him, I dont think he is perfect.Try as she did, she failed again.虚拟语气中的倒装虚拟语气中省略虚拟语气中省略 “if”或或 “whether”时的倒装。时的倒装。Were it left to me to choose, I prefer the latter to the former.Had it not rained so heavily, we would have visited the Summer Palace yesterday.Be we rich
9、or poor, we should have our own dignity.副词至于句首Here、there、in、out、up、down 等表示方位的副词至于句首时，主谓需要倒装。Here comes the bus.Down jumped the little boy from the bridge. Here it ( 指 the bus) comes.There they went.主谓一致集体名词做主语集体名词做主语时，谓语动词情况有三种有些集体名词如 cattle、folk 、people 、 youth 、clergy（教士）、police 等常做复数看。The police
10、 have caught the murderer.有些集体名词（表示总称）如 machinery、stationery, merchandise （商品） 、foliage（树和植物叶子的总称）等看作单数。New machinery is being installed in the factory.有些集体名词如 army, audience、class 、club, committee、company, crowd, family、group, government, jury, party, staff, team, union, public 、poultry 等根据意思决定，有时做
11、单数看待，有时做复数看待。The committee meet every Monday. He is on the committee that controls public spending.单复数同形的名词作主语单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据意义决定谓语的形式。This means of transportation is the most convenient one.There are various means of transportation being developed. 成双成对的东西的名词表示成双成对的东西的名词，若被 a pair of 修饰，要求单数谓语；否则，用
12、复数谓语形式。A pair of gloves is a nice present.My shoes need repairing.My trousers want mending.表示时间、重量 、长度、距离、价值等单位的名词做主语表示时间、重量 、长度、距离、价值等单位的名词以及概念上属于整体的一个单元的名词虽然形式上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。Ten years is only a moment in history.Two copies is enough.Three hours is not a long time to wait.表数量名词做主语number、variety 、
13、proportion、majority、population、percent 、 total 等词有时做单数，有时作复数看待，从意思上决定。（分数、百分数、部分）20 percentage of the polluted water goes into the sea.20 percentage of the families say that they enjoy watching this TV program.不可数名词不可数名词前加表示数量的复数名词，后面跟复数谓语。There are two cups of coffee.Here are several pieces of valu
14、able information for you to refer to / make reference to.书名、电影名或格言等专有名词做主语如果主语是一本书的名字、电影的名字或一个格言等专有名词，谓语动词用单数。“Gone with the Wind” is an interesting novel.“The Scent of a Woman” is an awarded film.“No Pains, No Gains” is a widely quoted proverb.学科名词做主语表示学科名称的名词如 physics, mathematics, economics, politics, electronics, 做主语，虽然形式上以 结尾，但应为单数，谓语动词多用单数。In my opinion, physics is a difficult subject.Politics is an interesting topic for many men.表示疾病的名词做主语
