1、0第二章 自然风景Learning Objectives第一部分 Text A General introduction of ChinaChina is located in the east of the Asian continent and on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean. With a landmass of 9，600，000 sq. km.，China is the third largest country in the world，next only to Russia and Canada，and slightly big
2、ger than America.The topography in China descends toward sea level from west to east and gives rise to a variety of landforms. Geographically，China slopes upward from the eastern seaboard to the high plateaus and mountains of Tibet and Qinghai in the far west，where the average elevation is 4，500 met
3、ers， and mountain peaks of 6，000 and 7，000 meters are common. Mt. Everest in the Himalayan mountain range and lying on the southeast edge of China at 8,848 meters above sea level is the worlds highest peak. The Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, 6,300 kilometers and 5,464 kilometers long respectively, are t
4、he most important rivers in China and the Jinghang Canal, which stretches for 1,794 kilometers, is one of the longest artificial canals in the world. Qinghai Lake has an area of 4,583 square kilometers and is the largest inland salt water lake in China while Poyang Lake has an area of 3,583 square k
5、ilometers and is Chinas largest freshwater lake. China has over 1,500 large rives，with a total length of more than 400，000 kilometers. They have created vast fertile plains for agriculture，allowing industry and commerce to flourish. However，occasionally ，they have brought disasters. The Changjiang R
6、iver，or the Yangtze River，6，300 kilometers long，is Chinas longest， and the third longest in the world，next only to the Nile in Africa and the Amazon in South America. The Changjiang River valley，with 24. 67 million hectares of cultivated land， has always been an important agricultural base in China.
7、 The Huanghe River is the second longest river in China，originating at the northern foot of the Soya Har Mountains in Qinghai Province. The middle and lower reaches of the Huanghe River are called by anthropologists and archaeologists “the cradle of Chinese civilization.“ Many cities in the region s
8、uch as Luoyang，Kaifeng and Anyang in Henan Province，Xian and Xian yang in Shaanxi Province were capitals of Chinas great dynasties But in spite of all its distinguished history，the Huanghe was a region plagued with misery. Before 1949， the river was known as “Chinas sorrow.“ One of Chinas major prob
9、lems with her rivers is they are not well distributed. About 90 percent of them are in the South，and many areas in the North suffer from severe water shortage，at least for part of each year. The rivers north of the Huaihe River and the Qinling Mountain Range have a large flow in summer， but either d
10、ry up or freeze in winter. 1As a result，navigation and trade between the North and the South were once severely restricted. Despite its huge physical size，China is land-poor， particularly arable land. Some 80 percent of the landmass is made up of uninhabitable mountains and deserts. China is a mount
11、ainous country， with two thirds of its surface area covered with mountains or hilly areas. Chinas mountains fall into three groups according to the direction in which they run，namely ，the east-west，the northeast-southwest，and the north-south ranges. The Himalayas， the highest and most majestic mount
12、ain range in the world， rise above the southern rim of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Mount Qomolangma (Mount Everest) which means“ Goddess Peak“ in Tibetan，is the main peak of the Himalayas，and the highest peak in the world，challenging the bravest adventurers and the most skillful mountain climbers in
13、the world.Chino is divided into distinct geographic regions by the Qinling Mountain Range which extends 1,500 kilometers across Central China. It forms a natural dividing line between the Changjiang and Huanghe river valleys and splits the country into the North and the South. It is South China that
14、 is noted for its intensively cultivated paddies and terraced fields，its abundant rain，and swift rivers.China has three major plains the Northeast Plain，the North China Plain，and the Middle and Lower reaches of the Changjiang River Plain. These plains are primarily the result of alluvial silt built-
15、up from rivers， lakes and seas and are densely populated. They are flat and crisscrossed by a network of rivers and lakes，set off by their fertile soil. So we say with only about 7 percent of the earths cultivated land， China has to feed 20 percent of the worlds population. Most parts of China lie i
16、n the northern temperate zone，with a continental monsoon climate well suited for habitation. The monsoons cause rainfall and temperatures range from tropical to temperate to frigid. In summer， the temperature throughout China is generally rather high. The variability of rainfall is a problem for Chi
17、nas farmers. In North China，80 to 90 percent of the annual precipitation falls in the summer. As a result，droughts often occur. Southeast China receives the most rainfall due to the fact that this area is also hit by typhoons from July to September. Text B Niagara Falls Niagara Falls straddles the b
18、order between the United states and Canada，halfway between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. The falls was formed 12，000 years ago，when melting glaciers receded north allowing water from Lake Erie to flow over the Niagara escarpment. The waters of the Niagara River come from four great lakes. Theres no gr
19、eat Nile thats feeding it. Its all runoff water into from four great lakes and they continue again down the river to Lake Ontario and to the Atlantic Ocean. 2About 37 million gallons of water plunge nearly 200 feet over the fall every minute. Niagara Falls is a spectacle thats as entrancing as it is
20、 powerful and it attracts 12 million visitors every year. Niagara Falls is not the largest fall in the world but its certainly one of the most dramatic and one of the most visited. Today Niagara Falls is dubbed the Honeymoon capital of the world. Over 15，000 couples come here every year. They do wed
21、dings at the botanical gardens. They also do them on “the maid of the mist“ that goes right up under the falls. And usually the bride and the groom get absolutely soaking wet. This custom goes back to early years when the honeymoons started， basically in the 1920s，even earlier. -Adapted from materia
22、ls by Continent Bridge Culture Media Group 第二部分 常见句型，词汇及范例讲解： Part 1 自然风光的翻译Part 2 常见词汇自然地理名词 海拔 at an altitude of _above sea level，elevation经度 longitude高/低纬度地区 high/low latitudes, warm latitudes (热带地区)纬度 latitude热带 tropical 亚热带 Subtropical雨季 the rainy season 赤道 equator自然现象 a natural phenomenon 南北极
23、south/ north pole年降雨量 the annual rainfall, The average annual precipitation平均温度 the mean temperature/ the average temperature山水 山峰 peak 山麓 at the foot of the mountain山中避暑胜地 mountain resort 怪石 fantastically-shaped rocks, rocks with grotesque shapes日出 unique sunrise 悬崖 precipitous cliff, grotesque cli
24、ffs,悬崖峭壁危岩 crags 峡谷, 幽谷 glen, gorge流水小溪 gurgling brooks, streams 溪谷 gully高山飞瀑 mountains and waterfall, flying waterfalls 洞穴 cavern, caves云海 sea of clouds 薄雾 a veil of thin mist/ haze花岗岩 granite 砂岩 sandstone3石灰岩 limestone 三角洲 delta交会处(河流) The meeting point of.and 水乡 a region of waters常见专有表述与中国地理国家地质公
25、园 National Geology Park 国家森林公园 National Forest Park国家水利风景区 State Water Conservancy Scenic Spot青藏高原 Qianhai-Tibet Plateau, “the roof of the world”西藏自治区 Tibet Autonomous Region 内蒙古自治区 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region广西壮族自治区 the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,新疆维吾尔族自治区 the Xinjiang Uygur (Uighur) Aut
26、onomous Region长江三角洲 Changjiang (Yangtze) River delta 珠穆朗玛峰 Mountain Qomolangma, Mountain Everest疗养地 health resort 分界线 the dividing line动植物常用词汇园林植物 Landscape plant 盆景 Miniature landscape, penjing观赏植物 Ornamental plant 动物园 zoo, zoological garden野生植物园 Wild plants garden 纪念公园 Memorial park乡趣园 Rustic gard
27、en 烈士纪念公园 Martyr memorial park植物园 Botanical garden 热带植物园 tropical plants garden苗圃 nursery 植物学家 botanist园艺的 Horticultural 展示区 Display area植物树木 various species of trees and plants 自然生态资源 nature ecological resources繁殖温室 plant propagation greenhouse 展览温室 public conservatory常青树 Evergreens 活化石 living foss
28、ils物种 species 城市绿化覆盖率 Urban Green coverage绿地率 Ratio Of green space 专类花园 Specified flower garden市花 city flower 市树 city tree国花 national flower 国树 national tree杨柳 willow 梧桐树 dove tree杜鹃 azalea 桂花 osmanthus, sweet osmanthus (orange osmanthus 金桂,丹桂)梅树 plum tree, Chinese plum 棕榈树 palm4木兰花 magnolia 美国红松 se
29、quoia redwood兰花 orchid 蔷薇 Chinese rose松柏 pines, cypresses, five-needle pine, pointy cypress, dragon cypress and pines杉树 Chinese firs桑树 mulberry trees 水杉 meta sequoia仙人掌 cactus/cacti 紫藤 wisterias银杏 gingko 樟树 camphor鹤 crane 海豚 dolphin三角梅 Bougainvillea（ the city flower of Xiamen） 白鹭 egret凤凰花 Royal Poin
30、ciana，the flame tree（the city tree）盛开 in full blossom引种 introduce 驯化 domesticate野生动物的积聚地 a wildlife refuge描述与形容气候宜人 agreeable climate 风景优美 beautiful scenery美丽迷人 charming, fascinating, enchanting 秀美景色 gorgeous scenery奇妙景色 spectacular sight 风景精华, 绝胜处 the highlight of ; the cream of美丽富饶 the beautiful a
31、nd rich-endowed, the fertile and picturesque奇花异草 exotic flowers and herb物产丰富 abundant/ rich natural resources 自然资源丰富 rich in natural resources全景/ 尽收眼底 command/ have a panorama view of 鸟瞰 get a birds-eye view of碧水清山 a world of shimmering green hills and clear azure waters苍茫的海天景色 a vast expanse of sea
32、 and sky碧波万顷 vast expanse of blue waves/ ripples 烟波浩淼 the mists rising from the water海天相接/云天相接 meet the sky 烟波浩渺 a wide expanse of misty waters 清澈见底, 澄澈 , crystal clear, so clear that one can see to its bottom高山水急 Mountains are high and torrents are swift.群山起伏 the undulation of the rolling hills 花岗岩
33、峰林岩洞 granite rocks, peaks and caves郁郁葱葱 luxuriant and green 避暑胜地 summer resort崇山峻岭 towering and steep mountains 宏伟挺拔 towering and magnificent5群山环抱 be surrounded by mountains/hills 形态万千 in different forms, in various shapes 奇峰异石 picturesque peaks and rocks 峻峭, 陡峭 steep, precipitous 悬崖绝壁 sheer precipi
34、ces and overhanging rocks 曲折幽径 twisty path幽静 serenity, tranquility 奇 most wonderful, marvelous, spectacular, most fantastic, grotesques险 forbidding 光怪陆离 grotesque and colorful碧蓝 blue 雄伟险峻 grandly precipitous雄伟 grandeur, splendor, majesty, magnificence 蜿蜒曲折 winding and zigzagging崎岖不平/崎岖蜿蜒 rugged wind
35、ing 巍然屹立 be towering and lofty直入云霄 stand against the sky 拔地而起 rise from the ground 赏心悦目 pleasing to the eye, a fest to the eye 各具一格 each with its own style and vitalityPart 3. 常见句型Part 4 例句翻译1. 它以峰险, 石奇, 洞异, 雾幻闻名与世 . 2. 这是我国最壮丽的丹霞地貌景观之一,是国家地质公园的重要组成部分 . 3. 它以花岗岩峰林岩洞为特色,融山海川和人文景观为一体 ,包含山岳,溪瀑, 海滨,列岛,
36、湖泊五大景区和古堡,畲寨两处景点,观赏面积 92 平方公里.4. 燕子洞在云南省昆明市以南的建水县。城东有两个巨大的溶洞群，燕子洞最有名。它的形成大约有三百年历史，探索其间，如进神话世界，真可谓古、奇、幽、深。5. 自然界是最优秀的能工巧匠，在云南省石林区你可以一览无余各式钟乳石和奇观景象。第三部分 专项题目练习材料 Exercise and supplementary materialsPart 1. 补充完成下列的英文表达Singapore botanical gardenThe Singapore Botanic Gardens epitomizes the tropical islan
37、ds luxuriant parks. Spread over 52 hectares and close to the centre of the city, the Gardens show cases of many outstanding plant collections. Some highlights include the National Orchid Garden, the Ginger Garden, and the Evolution Garden. The numerous plant species here, including many rare specime
38、ns, reflect the Singapore Botanic Gardens richness and diversity of plant life. Love orchids? The present orchid enclosure has 20,000 orchid plants on display. The National Orchid Garden promises sprawling orchid displays, water features, and an exotic bromeliad collection from Central and South Ame
39、rica. Or head on down to Symphony Lake where outdoor concerts provide 6entertainment amidst a lush milieu.Shop for ornate sets of orchid brooches and other souvenirs with Peranakan-inspired designs at the RISIS Store located at the entrance of National Orchid Garden. Or drop by Au Jardin, an exclusi
40、ve little French restaurant by the greens for a fine dining experience. For more information, call (65) 6466 8812.Part 2根据下列英文信息进行英文讲解介绍 （2-3 个版本）Part 3 翻译下列的中文信息万石山万石山是以石取胜的山景，其山体由万石岩、中岩、太平岩、紫云岩、虎溪岩等处山峰组成。山岩奇异，千姿百态，形似钟、象、笋、屏风、骆驼、老虎等；有花岗岩风化形成的各种景点，如万笏朝天、中岩玉笏、太平石笑等。万笏朝天景点位于山腰，叠石四顾，横坚倾欹。清雍正年间厦门海防同知李暲于
41、高处巨石上题刻“万笏朝天” ，把众多的岩石，比做朝廷万千“奏板“，朝向天空，故名。右侧山峰形似象鼻，被称为“象鼻峰” 。中岩玉笏石位于天竺寺大雄宝殿左侧，立石形状和奏板相似，佛祖禅性，神仙风骨，上题“玉笏“ 二字，因而得名。太平石笑景点来自于三块岩石的构景。两岩斜倚在另一个大岩上，两岩中间裂开，形如开口大笑，上有题刻“石笑“ 和太平诗。Part 4 根据下列中文信息进行英文讲解介绍 （2-3 个版本）武夷山，世界自然与文化双遗产1. 称号 中国重点风景区、国家级旅游度假区、国家自然保护区；1999 年 12 月被联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会批准为世界自然遗产与文化遗产地。2. 景点特征 山水
42、秀丽、风光奇特、人文荟萃、古迹甚多3. 面积与海拔 主要景区方圆 70 平方公里，平均海拔 350 米4. 美誉 “碧水丹山”、 “奇秀甲东南 ”5. 山水之胜 “三三秀水清如玉，六六奇峰翠插天”， 奇幻百出的武夷山水6. 水 “曲曲山回转，峰峰水抱流” ，临水可观山景，登山可望水秀；7. 九曲溪 竹筏游览，顺流而下，山沿水立，水随山转，山光水色，交相辉映8. 山 三十六峰、九十九岩一览无余1. 船棺 距今约 3800 年前高插于悬崖峭壁上Part 5. 翻译下列的介绍1桂林风景区位于广西壮族自治区的东北部，景区以桂林市为中心，北起兴安，南到阳朔，连绵 100 多千米。宋朝诗人范成大曾著文，赞
43、叹桂林山水之美“余尝评桂山之奇，宜为天下第一 “自此，“桂林山水甲天下“ 。国内外许多国际友人赞叹不绝“桂林山水真是人间仙境“，“桂林群山简直就像浮雕一样“ 。美国己故前总统尼克松称赞说“我7周游了 80 多个国家的 100 多座名域，没有一个比得上桂林这么美“ 。桂林山水为何这样美? 桂林众山，全都是拔地而起，奇峰罗列，形态万千，“天外奇峰排玉笋，云山万里剑千重“，乃是最贴切的写照。桂林山中多有岩洞，洞内有石柱、玉笋、石钟孔、石花等组成各种景物，光怪陆离，琳良满目。叠彩山是桂林山水中最吸引人的一座山。它由 4 个山峰纽成，明月峰最高，海拔 223 米，山顶有“拿云亭“ 。登亭凌空四望，重重叠
44、叠的山峦，由墨而淡，由淡而清，从天边蜿蜒伸展过来，一时间天上人间，融为一体，犹如身在画中，令人心旷神怡。桂林山中多奇石，著名的有七星岩的“飞未石“，月牙山的剑栖石，象鼻山的垂钓石，叠彩山的龙石、龟石等。普陀石林和龙头石林，更是被人们誉为“东西两奇绝“。桂林“无山不洞“，“ 无洞不奇 “。大的如象鼻山的水月洞，洞中可以停船赏月;高的有穿山的月岩，深的如七星岩，长达好几千米，多的如隐山诸洞，相互沟通，数都数不清。山得水而活，水依山而媚。桂林的山多伴着流水，而水又异常的清丽，所以桂林以山水齐名。水以漓江、小东江、桃花江和榕湖最具代表性。千百年来，桂林山水的神奇造化，吸引了无数文学家、艺术家和政治活动家，唐朝(618r-.-907 年)鉴具和尚 5 次东波日本失败后，在桂林住过 1 年;国父孙中山先生曾讲学于独秀峰下。
