1、新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 GMAT 语法1GMAT 语法主讲：赵丽欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材教材说明：老师主要讲解的是蓝皮书：商学院入学考试指导【中】 云南教育出版社出版黄皮书：GMAT 官方指南1. GMAT 语法介绍1.1 自我介绍 -赵丽1.2 GMAT 语法课程介绍1. GMAT 介绍第一部分：作文部分 Issue and Argument第二部分：Problem solving and Date sufficiency第三部分：Verbal section：Reading comprehensionCritical reasoningSentence correction2
2、上课要求：讲什么记什么3. 课程设置：新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 GMAT 语法21.总述2.解题步骤3.解题两大原则4.十五点倾向性5.四大出题原则6.四大语法现象4.GMAT 总纲Sentence correction questions present a sentence, part or all of which is underlined. Beneath the sentence, you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined passage. The first answer choice repeats the
3、original; the other four are different. If you think the original phrasing is best, choose the first answer, otherwise choose one of the others.例：黄皮书 P638 第一题Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally underway, many economist s say that without a large amount
4、 of spending the recovery might not last.(A)have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally (B)raised hopes for there being a recovery finally (C)had raised hopes for a recovery finally being(D)has raised hopes that a recovery is finally (E)raised hopes for a recovery finally This type of questio
5、n tests your ability to recognize the correctness and effectiveness of expression in standard written English. In choosing your answer ,follow the requirements of standard written English; that is ,pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction. Choose the answer that produces
6、the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or gram-matical error.1.3 GMAT 解题步骤例：蓝皮书 P2891.Researchers at Cornell university have demonstrated that homing pigeons can sense changes in the earths field, see light waves that people ca
7、nnot see, detect low-frequencysounds from miles away, sense changes in air pressure, and can identify familiar odors.例：蓝皮书 P2892.Among the reasons for the decline of New England agriculture in the last there decadeswere the high cost of land, the pressure of housing and commercial development, and b
8、asing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida and Cali-fornia.新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 GMAT 语法3例：蓝皮书 P241 第 2 题Since 1981,when the farm depression began,the number of acres overseen by professional farm-management companoes have grown 48 million to nearly 59 million,anarea tha
9、t is about Colaorados size.(A) have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area that is about Colorados size(B) have grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, about the size of Colorado(C) has grown from 48 million to nearly 59 million, an area about the size of Colorado(D) has grown from
10、48 million up to nearly 59 million, an area about the size of Colorados(E) has grown from 48 million up to nearly 59 million, about Colorados size2.GMAT 解题两大规则：2.1 忠实原文。第一：强烈语气要保留例 1：蓝皮书 P243 第 10 题However much United States voters may agree that there is waste in government and that the government
11、as a whole spends beyond its means,it is difficlt to find broad support for a movement toward a minimal state.(A) However much United States voters may agree that(B) Despite the agreement among United States voters to the fact(C) Although United States voters agree(D) Even though United States voter
12、s may agree(E) There is agreement among United States voters that例 2：蓝皮书 P254 第 51 题While Jackie Robinson was a Brooklyn Dodger,his courage in the face of physical threats and verbal attacks was not unlike that of Rosa Parks,who refuse to move to the back of a bus in Montgomery,Alabama.(A) not unlik
13、e that of Rosa Parks, who refused(B) not unlike Rosa Parks, who refused(C) like Rosa Parks and her refusal(D) like that of Rosa Parks for refusing(E) as that of Rosa Parks, who refused第二：不能随便改变句子的中心。例：蓝皮书 P245 第 18 题Each of Hemingways wives-Hadley Richardson,Pfeiffer,Martha Gelhom,and Mary 新东方在线 网络
14、课堂电子教材系列 GMAT 语法4Welsh-were strong and interesting women, very different from the often pallid womenwho populate his novels.(A) Each of Hemingways wivesHadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welshwere strong and interesting women,(B) Hadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha
15、 Gelhorn, and Mary Welsheach of them Hemingways wiveswere strong and interesting women,(C) Hemingways wivesHadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welshwere all strong and interesting women,(D) Strong and interesting womenHadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and
16、 Mary Welsheach a wife of hemingway, was(E) Strong and interesting womenHadley Richardson, Pauline Pfeiffer, Martha Gelhorn, and Mary Welshevery one of Hemingways wives were第三：修饰语的谓语动词不能随意省略、添加或改变。修饰语的词性也不能随意改变。例：蓝皮书 P250 第 37 题：Which some academicians believe that business ethics should be integrat
17、ed into every business course, others say that students will take ethics seriously only if it would be taught as a separately required course.(A) only if it would be taught as a separately required course(B) only if it is taught as a separate, required course(C) if it is taught only as a required co
18、urse separately(D) if it was taught only as a separate and required course (E) if it would only be taught as a required course, separately第四：原文的时态不能轻易改变。例：蓝皮书 P250 第 36 题：Bufo marinus toads,fierce predators thay will eat frogs,lizards,and even small birds,are native to South America but were introdu
19、ced into Florida during the 1930s in an attempt to control pests in the states vast sugarcane fields. (A)are native to South America but were introduced into Florida during the 1930s in an attempt to control (B)are native in South America but were introduced into Florida during the 1930s as attempt
20、to control(C)are natives of South America but were introduced into Florida during the 1930s in an attempt at controlling (D)had been native to South America but were introduced to Florida during the 1930s as an attempt at controlling (E)had been natives of South America but were introduced to Florid
21、a during the 1930s as an attempts at controlling新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 GMAT 语法52.2 简洁有效。第一：避免用词重复。能用短语就不用从句，adj+n 优于 n+that+be+adj。- 能用一个词说的 不使用短语第二：用词稍微简洁。第三：v 优于 adj，adj 优于抽象名词，抽象名词优于动名词e.g.：I support you.I am supportive of you .useful-of useabout-concerning3. GMAT 十五点倾向性：3.1 表示举例时，使用 such as例：蓝皮书 P292
22、 第 15 题Florida will gain another quarter-million jobs this year alone,many of them in high-payingfields like electronics and banking,making the states economy far more diversified thanten years ago.(A) high-paying fields like electronics and banking, making the states economy far more diversified th
23、an(B) high-paying fields like electronics and banking, and making the states economy far more diversified than its economy(C) high-paying fields such as electronics and banking, to make the states economy far more diversified than(D)such high-paying fields as electronics and banking,making the state
24、s economy far more diversified than it was(E) Such high-paying fields as electronics and banking, and make the states economy farmore diversified than it was.例：蓝皮书 P298 第 37 题As the price of gasoline rise, which makes substituting alcohol distilled from cereal grainattractive, the price of bread and
25、 livestock feed are sure to increase. (A) which makes substituting alcohol distilled from cereal grain attractive(B) which makes substituting the distillation of alcohol from cereal grain attractive(C) which makes distilling alcohol from cereal grain an attractive substitute(D) making an attractive
26、substitution of alcohol distilled from cereal grain(E) making alcohol distilled from cereal grain an attractive substitute新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 GMAT 语法6例：蓝皮书 P322 第 136 题Byron possessed powers of observation that would have made him a great anthro-pologist and that make his letters as a group the rival
27、of the best nobels of the time.(A)makes his letters as a group the rival of(B)makes his letters as a group one to rival (C)makes his letters a group rivaling(D)make his letters as a group the rival of(E)make his letters a group which is the rival of例：蓝皮书 P319 第 123 题The lack of complete historical r
28、ecords from the mid-to-late 1800s have made some Black inventions difficult to trace to their originators.(A)have made some Black inventions difficult to trace to their originators.(B)have made for difficulties in tracing some inventions by Blacks to their originators.(C)have made it difficult to tr
29、ace some inventions by Blacks to their originators.(D)have made it difficult to trace some inventions to their Blacks originators.(E)have made it difficult in tracing some Blacks inventions to their originators.3.2 consider 的用法3.2 be in 出现，99%错例：蓝皮书 P262 第 86 题Having the right hand and arm being cri
30、ppled by a snipers bullet during the First WordWar, Horace Pippin, a Black American painter, worked by holding the brush in his right hand and guiding its movements with his left.(A) Having the right hand and arm being crippled by a snipers bullet during the First World War(B) In spite of his right
31、hand and arm being crippled by a snipers bullet during the First World War(C) Because there had been a snipers bullet during the First World War that crippled hisright hand and arm(D) The right hand and arm being crippled by a snipers bullet during the First World War(E) His right hand and arm cripp
32、led by a snipers bullet during the First World War新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 GMAT 语法73.4 there be 结构出现，错误3.5 宾语从句中一定不能省略 that例：蓝皮书 P296 第 29 题Sartre believed each individual is responsible to choose one course of action over another one , that it is the choice that gives value to the act ,and that nothing th
33、at is notacted upon has value.(A) each individual is responsible to choose one course of action over another one(B) that each individual is responsible for choosing one course of action over another(C) that each individual is responsible, choosing one course of action over another(D) that each indiv
34、idual is responsible to choose one course of action over the other(E) each individual is responsible for choosing one course of action over other ones3.6 v 优于 adj，adj 优于抽象名词，抽象名词优于动名词例：蓝皮书 P317 第 114 题Poor management ,outdated technology ,competition from overseas,and steels replacement to materials
35、 like aluminum and fiber-reinforced plastics have all been cited as causes for the decline of the United States steel industry .(A)steels replacement to materials like (B)the replacement of steel by such materials as(C)the replacing of steel with materials of(D)the replacing of steel by means of mat
36、erials like(E)to replace steel by materials such as3.7 主动优于被动例：P301 第 46 题Although films about the American West depict coyotes as solitary animals howling mournfully on the tops of distant hills, in reality these gregarious creatures live in stable groups that occupy the same territory for long per
37、iods.(A) films about the American West depict coyotes as solitary animals howling mournfully on the tops of distant hills(B) in films about the American West coyotes are depicted to be solitary animals that howl mournfully on the tops of distant hills(C) coyotes are depicted as solitary animals howl
38、ing mournfully on the tops of distant hills in films about the American West(D) films about the American West depict coyotes as if they were solitary, mournfully howling animals on the tops of distant hills.(E) films about the American West depict coyotes to be solitary and mournfully howling animal
39、s on the tops of distant hills新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 GMAT 语法83.8 连词优于介词例：P294 第 20 题Even though its per capita food supply hardly increased during two decades, stringentrationing and planned distribution have allowed the Peoples Republic of China to ensure nutritional levels of 2,000 calories per person
40、per day for its population.(A) Even though its per capita food supply hardly increased during(B) Even though its per capita food supply has hardly increased in (C) Despite its per capita food supply hardly increasing over(D) Despite there being hardly any increase in its per capita food supply durin
41、g(E) Although there is hardly any increase in per capita food supply for例：P272 第 127 题Two new studies indicate that many people become obese more due to the fact that their bodies burn calories too slowly than overeating.(A) due to the fact their bodies burn calories too slowly than overeating(B) du
42、e to their bodies burning calories too slowly than to eating too much(C) because their bodies burn calories too slowly than that they are overeaters(D) because their bodies burn calories too slowly than because they eat too much(E) because of their bodies burning calories too slowly than because of
43、their eating too much3.9 can 优于 be able to 例：P302 第 51 题Roy Wilkins was among the last of a generation of civil rights activists who led the nation through decades of change so profound many young Americans are not able to imagine, even less to remember, what segregation was like.(A) so profound man
44、y young Americans are not able to imagine, even less to remember(B) so profound that many young Americans cannot imagine, much less remember(C) so profound many young Americans cannot imagine nor even less remember(D) of such profundity many young Americans cannot imagine, even less can they remembe
45、r(E) of such profundity that many young Americans are not able to imagine, much less to remember 例：P306 第 68 题There is ample evidence, derived from the lore of traditional folk medicine, that naturally occurring antibiotics are usually able to be modified to make them a more effective drug.(A) are u
46、sually able to be modified to make them a more effective drug(B) are usually able to be modified to make them more effective drugs(C) are usually able to be modified, which makes them more effective drugs(D) can usually be modified to make them a more effective drug新东方在线 网络课堂电子教材系列 GMAT 语法9(E) can
47、usually be modified to make them more effective drugs3.10 and 优于 as well as例：P284 第 173 题Eating saltwater fish may significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and also aid for sufferers of rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, according to three research studies published in the New England Journal of
48、 Medicine.(A) significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and also aid for(B) be significant in reducing the risk of heart attacks and aid for(C) significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and aid(D) cause a significant reduction in the risk of heart attacks and aid to(E) significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks as well as aiding例：蓝皮书 P320 第 126 题In the late seventh centry
