1、2008 年 12 月 20 日英语四级 A 卷真题及答案Part I Writing (30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡 1 上。怎样改善学生的心理健康1. 学生心理健康的重要性2. 学校应该怎样做3. 学生自己应该怎样做Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer
2、Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Thats enough, kidsIt was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children whe
3、n a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.“Id watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child hed shoved,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, No, we dont push,” What happened
4、 next was unexpected.“The boys mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says. “I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child. All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid d
5、id whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other peoples children has become a minefield.In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sisters house its encouraged. For her, its about kids being kids
6、: “If you cant do it at three, when can you do it?”Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunts house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. Thats OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when youre talking to the
7、 children of friends or acquaintances.“Kids arent all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University. “But there is still an idea that theyre the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if youre saying that my child is behaving inappropriatel
8、y, then thats somehow a criticism of me.”In those circumstances, its difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought.“Id go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. “Usually a quiet reminder that we dont do that he
9、re is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too.This is why White recommen
10、ds that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if theyre there and ask them to deal with it,” she says. Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers:” Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Pre
11、face your remarks with something like: I know youll think Im silly but in my house I dont want”When it comes to situations where youre caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must prevail. If things dont go well, then have a chat.”Therere a couple of new grey areas. Physica
12、l punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “Now you cant do it without feeling uneasy about it,” White says.Men might also feel uneasy about dealing with other peoples children. “Men feel nervous.” White says. “A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of th
13、e debate about how we handle children.”For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone: “The rules are different now from when todays parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: ont swear, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. Theyre worried th
14、at there will be conflict if they point these things out either from older children, or their parents.”He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as childrenMeredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create
15、 when youre living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.”“Its about what Im doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller says. “The days when a kid came home from school and said, I got into trouble. And dad
16、 said, you probably deserved it, are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.”This jumping to our childrens defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other peoples children. You know that if you remonstrate(
17、劝诫) with the child, youre going to have to deal with the parent. Its admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good?“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” White says. “I suspect that its only certain sectors of the population doing the run
18、ning to the school better educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”White believes our notions of a more child-centred society should be challenged. “Today we have a situation where, in many families, both parents work, so the amount of time children get from parents has diminish
19、ed,” she says.“Also, sometimes when we talk about being child-centred, its a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). Were centred on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, r
20、ather than serve the best interests of the children.”One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchis intervention(干预) on her sons behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boys moth
21、er.As Bianchi approached the park bench where shed been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.”Andrew Fuller doesnt believe that we shou
22、ld be afraid of dealing with other peoples kids. “Look at kids that arent your own as a potential minefield,” he says. He recommends that we dont stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boys mother t
23、o do when she talked to him?A) Make an apologyB) Come over to interveneC) Discipline her own boyD) Take her own boy away2. What does the author say about dealing with other peoples children?A) its important not to hurt them in any wayB) its no use trying to stop their wrongdoingC) its advisable to t
24、reat them as ones own kidsD) its possible for one to get into lots of trouble3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when ones kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel_.A) discouragedB) hurt C) puzzledD) overwhelmed4. What should one do when seeing other peoples kids
25、 misbehave according to Andrew fuller?A) talk to them directly in a mild way B) complain to their parents politelyC) simply leave them aloneD) punish them lightly5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society, _. A) parents are worried when their kids swear at themB) people think it improper to c
26、riticize kids in publicC) people are reluctant to point our kids wrongdoings D) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep,_ .A) its easy for people to become impatientB) its difficult to create a code of conduct C) i
27、ts important to be friendly to everybodyD) its hard for people to admire each other7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?A) Theyd question the teachersB) Theyd charge up to the schoolC) Theyd tell the kids to clam downD) Theyd put the blame on their kids 8. Prof
28、essor White believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be _. 9. According to Professor White, todays parents treat their children as something they _. 10. Andrew Fuller suggests that, when kids behave inappropriately, people should not _.Part III Listening ComprehensionSection
29、ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During th
30、e pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。11. A) Only true friendship can last long.B) Letter writing is going out of style.C) She k
31、eeps in regular touch with her classmates.D) She has lost contact with most of her old friends. 12. A) A painter. B) A mechanic. C) A porter. D) A carpenter.13. A) Look for a place near her office. B) Find a new job down the street. C) Make inquiries elsewhere. D) Rent the $600 apartment.14. A) He p
32、refers to wear jeans with a larger waist.B) He has been extremely busy recently.C) He has gained some weight lately. D) He enjoyed going shopping with Jane yesterday.15. A) The woman possesses a natural talent for art.B) Women have a better artistic taste than men.C) He isnt good at abstract thinkin
33、g.D) He doesnt like abstract paintings. 16. A) She couldnt have left her notebook in the library.B) She may have put her notebook amid the journals.C) She should have made careful notes while doing reading.D) She shouldnt have read his notes without his knowing it.17. A) She wants to get some sleep.
34、 B) She needs time to write a paper.C) She has a literature class to attend D) She is troubled by her sleep problem18. A) He is confident he will get the job.B) His chance of getting the job is slim. C) It isnt easy to find a qualified sales manager.D) The interview didnt go as well as he expected.Q
35、uestions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) He can manage his time more flexibly.B) He can renew contact with his old friends.C) He can concentrate on his own projects.D) He can learn to do administrative work.20. A) Reading its ads in the newspapers.B) Calling its per
36、sonnel department.C) Contacting its manager.D) Searching its website. 21. A) To cut down its production expenses.B) To solve the problem of staff shortage.C) To improve its administrative efficiency.D) To utilize its retired employees resources. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you h
37、ave just heard.22. A) Buy a tractor.B) Fix a house.C) See a piece of property. D) Sing a business contract.23. A) It is only forty miles form where they live.B) It is a small one with a two-bedroom house. C) It was bought at a price lower than expected.D) It has a large garden with fresh vegetables.
38、24. A) Growing potatoes will involve less labor.B) Its soil may not be very suitable for corn.C) It may not be big enough for raising corn. D) Raising potatoes will be more profitable.25. A) FinancesB) LaborC) EquipmentD) ProfitsSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. A
39、t the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line thro
40、ugh the centre. Passage One26 A)To introduce the chief of the citys police force B)To comment on a talk by a distinguished guestC)To address the issue of community securityD)To explain the functions of the city council27 A)He has distinguished himself in city management B)He is head of the Internati
41、onal Police ForceC)He completed his higher education abroadD)He holds a masters degree in criminology28 A)To coordinate work among police departmentsB)To get police officers closer to the local people C)To help the residents in times of emergencyD)To enable the police to take prompt action29 A)Popul
42、arB)Discouraging C)Effective D)ControversialPassage Two30 A)people differ greatly in their ability to communicateB)there are numerous languages in existence C)Most public languages are inherently vagueD)Big gaps exist between private and public languages31 A) It is a sign of human intelligenceB)It i
43、mproves with constant practiceC)It is something we are born withD)It varies from person to person32 A)How private languages are developed B)How different languages are relatedC)How people create their languagesD)How children learn to use languagePassage Three33 A)She was a tailor B)She was an engine
44、erC)She was an educatorD)She was a public speaker34. A)Basing them on science-fiction movies.B) Including interesting examples in themC) Adjusting them to different audiencesD) Focusing on the latest progress in space science35. A) Whether spacemen carry weaponsB) How spacesuits protect spacemenC) H
45、ow NASA trains its spacemenD) What spacemen cat and drinkSection CDirections : In this section .you will hear a passage three time. When the passage is read for first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. when the passage is read for the first time, you are required to fill in the
46、blanks numbered from 36to43 with the exact words you have just heard. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Crime is increas
47、ing world wide. There is every reason to believe the (36)_will continue through the next few decades.Crime rates have always been high in multicultural, industrialized societies such as the United States, but a new(37)_has appeared on the world(38)_rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previous
48、ly reported few(39)_. Street crimes such as robbery, rape, (40)_, and auto theft are clearly rising, (41)_in eastern European countries such as Hungary and in western European nations such as the united Kingdom.What is driving this crime (42) _?There are no simple answers. Still，there are certain conditions (43) _with rising crime increasing heterogeneity (混杂) of populations, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of government, (44) _
