1、47汉英口译分类词汇（08）-经济金融词汇不景气 slump （衰退 recession） 二板市场 the second board market中国创业板 China Growth Enterprise Market首次上市 IPOs (initial public offering)市场资本总额 market capitalization法人股 institutional shares内部股（非上市招股） private company shares牛市 bull market 法律风险 legal risk风险管理 risk management坚持严格的贷款标准 maintain s
2、trong underwriting standards六大风险 risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion)信用风险 credit risk 供给学派 supply-side economist第一产业（农业） agriculture (primary industry)第二产业（工业） manufacturing industry (secondary industry)第三产业（服务业） service industry (tertiary industry)主要经济指标 major economic indicators国内
3、生产总值 GDP gross domestic product （商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）国民生产总值 GNP gross national product（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita 宏观经济 macro economy 互助基金 mutual fund扩大内需 expand domestic demand改善居民心理预期 inspire the general publics confidence in the future needs鼓励增加即期消费 encourage more immediate consump
4、tion 长期国债 long-term treasury bonds支付国债利息 to service treasury bonds财政赤字和债务 deficits and the national debt按原口径计算 calculate on the base line按不变价格计算 calculate at constant price按可比价格计算 calculate at comparable price列入财政预算支出 listed in the fiscal budget结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales 经常项目
5、顺差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account开办人民币业务 engage in Renminbi (RMB) business 出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 保证金台帐制度 Deposit account system for processing trade分期付款 pay by installment保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 抵押贷款 collateralised loans 住房
6、抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan 货币主义者 monetarist 计划经济 planned economy 指令性计划 mandatory plan 技术密集型 technology intensive大规模生产 mass production 经济林 cash tree跟踪审计 follow-up auditing 流动性风险 liquidity risk48操作风险 operational risk 内部审计 internal audit 抛售 bear sales 配套政策 supporting policies 中国人民银行（中央银行）The People
7、s Bank of China（ central bank）四大国有商业银行 4 major state-owned commercial banks中国银行 Bank of china 中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（） and中国建设银行 Construction Bank of China中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China招商银行 China Merchants Bank 疲软股票 soft stock配股 allotment of shares 实际增长率 growth rate in rea
8、l terms年均增长率 average growth rate per annum投资回报率 rate of return on investment 外贸进出口总额 total foreign trade value实际利用外资 incoming overseas capital (investment) in place消费价格指数 consumer price index (CPI)零售价格指数 retail price index （RPI）生活费用价格总指数 total price index of living cost生活费用 income available for livi
9、ng expenses 扣除物价因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 居民储蓄存款 residents bank savings deposit恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例）Engel coefficient基尼系数（衡量地区差别） Gini coefficient购买力平价法 purchasing power parity (PPP) （衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力）片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth 泡沫经济 bu
10、bble economy 经济过热 overheating of economy通货膨胀 inflation 实体经济 the real economy 经济规律 laws of economics 市场调节 market regulation优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources 规模经营优势 advantage of economies of scale劳动密集型 labor intensive 市场风险 market risk 收紧银根 tighten up monetary policy适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fis
11、cal policy信用紧缩 credit crunch 加强国有商业银行内部资金调度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved. 合理划分贷款审批权限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworth
12、y enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets启动民间投资 attract investment from the private sector适销对路的产品 the right products / readily marketable products国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)集体企业 collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises49私营企业 private businesses民营企业 privately-ru
13、n businesses中小企业 small-and-medium-sized enterprises三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资） overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits 货币回笼 withdrawa
14、l of currency from circulation 吸收游资 absorb idle fund 经常性贷款 commercial lending经常性支出 operating expenses再贷款 re-lending; subloan支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market改制上市 An
15、enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.进一步规范和发展证券市场 further standardize and develop the securities market增加直接融资比重 increase the proportion of direct financing完善股票发行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets中国证监会
16、 China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)深圳证券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange综合指数 composite index纳斯达克（高技术企业板） NASDAQ （National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation主板市场 the main board 通货紧缩 deflation中国现代化建设分三步走的战略 the three-step development strategy of
17、Chinas modernization drive 第一步，到 1990 年国民生产总值比 1980 年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到 2000 年人均国民生产总值比 1980 年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平 Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到 21 世纪中期建国 100 周年时，达到中等发达国家水平 Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100
18、th anniversary of the P.R.C., Chinas level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries与世界经济的联系将更加紧密 be more closely linked to the world economy中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.适应市场经济需要
19、的法律法规体系还不够健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.立足中国国情，发挥自身优
20、势 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play50扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization瓶颈制约 bottleneck constraints放权让利 decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s)
21、深化改革 intensify reform; deepen ones commitment to reform配套改革 supporting (concomitant) reforms配套资金 counterpart funds; local funding of提高经济效益 improve economic performance; increase economic returns讲求社会效益 value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect加速国民经济信息化 develop information-based ec
22、onomy accelerate IT application in economy拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes 债转股 debt-to-equity swap头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺） in an easy position (tight position)朝阳产业 sunrise industry招标投标制 the system of public bidding for proje
23、ct 充分发挥货币政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy实施积极的财政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy向银行增发国债，扩大投资 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.再注资 recapitalization放松银根 to ease monetary policy 信息经济 IT economy外向型经济 export-oriented economy 信息时代 infor
24、mation age全球化 globalization （全球性globality） 信誉风险 reputational risk风险评级 risk rating到期不还贷 default on a loan资不抵债 insolvency; be insolvent亚洲金融危机 Asian financial crisis (1997-98)投资（贷款）组合 investment (loan) portfolio 外汇储备充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves中国金融业问题 problems with financial sector in China储
25、蓄比例过高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply国有企业产负债率过高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,国有独资商业银行不良资产比例过高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务 insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial instituti
26、ons不良贷款 non-performing loans防范和化解金融风险 address financial risks提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力 improve enterprises creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities监事会 supervisory board实行谨慎会计制度 adopt prudential accounting standards 五级分类法划分贷款质量 the five-category asset classification approach 51金融资产管理公司 f
27、inancial asset management companies分离和收回不良资产 substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets 分业管理、规模经营 business segregation, economy of scale规范金融机构市场退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions政策性银行 state policy-related bank国家发展银行 State Development Bank 知识经济 knowledge-ba
28、sed economy网络经济 Internet-based networked economy 指导性计划 guidance plan社会主义市场经济（中国） socialist market economy社会市场经济（德国） social market economy新经济（美国） new economy 中国光大银行 Everbright Bank of China中国民声银行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.中信实业银行 CITIC Industrial Bank 中国进出口银行 China EXIM Bank汇丰银行 Hong Kong
29、 and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC)金融监管 financial supervision中国人民银行法 Law of the Peoples Bank of China商业银行法 Law of Commercial Banks保险法 Law of Insurance证券法 Law of Securities巴塞尔原则 Basel Core Principles监管对象的行为有问题、管理机制不健全 problems of supervised entities behavior and the unsound internal governance
30、mechanism风险意识 consciousness of risk prevention事前监管 proactive regulation and supervision account number 帐目编号depositor 存户pay-in slip 存款单a deposit form 存款单a banding machine 自动存取机to deposit 存款deposit receipt 存款收据private deposits 私人存款certificate of deposit 存单deposit book, passbook 存折credit card 信用卡princi
31、pal 本金overdraft, overdraw 透支to counter sign 双签to endorse 背书endorser 背书人to cash 兑现to honor a check 兑付to dishonor a check 拒付to suspend payment 止付check 支票check book 支票本order check 记名支票bearer check 不记名支票crossed check 横线支票blank check 空白支票rubber check 空头支票check stub, counterfoil 票根cash check 现金支票travelers
32、 check 旅行支票check for transfer 转帐支票outstanding check 未付支票canceled check 已付支票forged check 伪支票Bandars note 庄票，银票banker 银行家 52president 行长savings bank 储蓄银行Chase Bank 大通银行National City Bank of New York 花旗银行Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation汇丰银行Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行Banque d
33、e IIndo Chine 东方汇理银行central bank, national bank, bankers bank中央银行bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行commercial bank 商业银行，储蓄信贷银行member bank, credit bank 储蓄信贷银行discount bank 贴现银行exchange bank 汇兑银行requesting bank 委托开证银行 issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行negotiation b
34、ank 议付银行confirming bank 保兑银行paying bank 付款银行associate banker of collection 代收银行consigned banker of collection 委托银行clearing bank 清算银行local bank 本地银行domestic bank 国内银行overseas bank 国外银行unincorporated bank 钱庄branch bank 银行分行trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行trust company 信托公司financial trust 金融信托公司unit trust 信
35、托投资公司trust institution 银行的信托部credit department 银行的信用部commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司）neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit街道储蓄所credit union 合作银行credit bureau 商业兴信所self-service bank 无人银行land bank 土地银行construction bank 建设银行industrial and commercial bank 工商银行bank of communi
36、cations 交通银行mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行industrial bank 实业银行home loan bank 家宅贷款银行reserve bank 准备银行chartered bank 特许银行corresponding bank 往来银行merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行investment bank 投资银行import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行jo
37、int venture bank 合资银行money shop, native bank 钱庄credit cooperatives 信用社clearing house 票据交换所public accounting 公共会计business accounting 商业会计cost accounting 成本会计depreciation accounting 折旧会计computerized accounting 电脑化会计general ledger 总帐subsidiary ledger 分户帐cash book 现金出纳帐cash account 现金帐journal, day-book
38、日记帐，流水帐bad debts 坏帐investment 投资surplus 结余53idle capital 游资economic cycle 经济周期economic boom 经济繁荣economic recession 经济衰退economic depression 经济萧条economic crisis 经济危机economic recovery 经济复苏inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货收缩devaluation 货币贬值revaluation 货币增值international balance of payment 国际收支favorable balance
39、顺差adverse balance 逆差hard currency 硬通货 soft currency 软通货international monetary system 国际货币制度the purchasing power of money 货币购买力money in circulation 货币流通量note issue 纸币发行量national budget 国家预算national gross product 国民生产总值public bond 公债stock, share 股票debenture 债券treasury bill 国库券debt chain 债务链direct exch
40、ange 直接（对角）套汇indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机discount 贴现discount rate, bank rate 贴现率gold reserve 黄金储备money (financial) market 金融市场stock exchange 股票交易所broker 经纪人commission 佣金b
41、ookkeeping 簿记bookkeeper 簿记员an application form 申请单bank statement 对帐单letter of credit 信用证strong room, vault 保险库equitable tax system 等价税则specimen signature 签字式样banking hours, business hours 营业时间share, equity, stock 股票、股权negotiable share 可流通股份treasury /government bond 国库券 /政府债券closed-end securities inv
42、estment fund 封闭式证券投资基金open-end securities investment fund 开放式证券投资基金market capitalization 市值mark-to-market 逐日盯市clearing and settlement 清算/结算put / call option 看跌/看涨期权rights issue/offering 配股ADR(American Depository Receipt)美国存托凭证/存股证GDR(Global Depository Receipt) 全球存托凭证/存股证institutional investor 机构投资者p
43、roprietary trading 自营market manipulation 市场操纵IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公开发行securities 证券premium 溢价share capital 股本composite index 综合指数54capital market 资本市场liquidity 流通性highly-leveraged institutions(HLI) 高杠杆交易机构subscribe 申购underwriter 承销商road show 路演primary market 一级市场information disclosure 信息披
44、露blue chips 蓝筹股gilt-edged bond 金边债券rating agency 评级机构credit trading 信用交易open/close a position 建/平仓bond, debenture, debts 债券convertible bond 可转换债券corporate bond 企业债券fund manager 基金经理/管理公司fund custodian bank 基金托管银行p/e (price/earning) ratio 市盈率payment versus delivery 银券交付commodity/financial derivatives
45、 商品/ 金融衍生产品margins, collateral 保证金bonus share 红股dividend 红利/股息retail / private investor 个人投资者/ 散户broker/dealer 券商insider trading/dealing 内幕交易prospectus 招股说明书merger and acquisition 收购兼并warrant 认股权证raised capital/proceeds 筹资component index 成份指数turnover rate 换手率monetary market 货币市场hedge fund 对冲基金self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律组织issuer 发行人intermediary 中介机构secondary listing 第二上市secondary market 二级市场controlling shareholder 控股股东red chips 红筹股junk bond 立即债券securities loan 融券financing 融资
