1、背诵段落U1The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something
2、to him. The boys eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room. 那个，美国人没有参加这场争论，他只是注视着在座的其他客人。在他这样观察时，他发现女主人的脸上显出一种奇异的的表情。她两眼盯着正前方，脸部肌肉在微微抽。她向站在座椅后面的印度男仆做了手势，对他耳语了几句。男仆两眼睁着大大的，迅速地离开了餐室。Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the o
3、pen doors.在座的客人中除了那位美国人以外谁也没注意到这一幕，也没有看到那个男仆把一碗牛奶放在紧靠门边的走廊上The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. 那个美国人突然醒悟过来。在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一个意思引蛇的诱饵。他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇U2Jeffersons courage and idealism were based on
4、 knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced archi
5、tecture throughout America, and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform.杰斐逊的勇气和理想主义是以知识为基础的。他懂的东西也许比同时代的任何人都要多。在农业、考古学和医学方面他都是专家。在人们普遍采用农作物轮作和土壤保持的做法之前一个世纪，他就这样做了。他还发明了一种比当时任何一种都好的耕犁。他影响了整个美国的建筑业，他还不断制造出各种机械装置，使日常生活中需要做的许多工作变得更加容易Of all Jeffersons
6、many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 17
7、76, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal .” 在杰斐逊的众多才能中，有一种是最主要的：他首先是一位优秀的、不知疲倦的作家。目前正在第一次出版的他的全集将超过五十卷。他作为一个作家的才能很快便被发现了，所以，当 1776 年在费城要撰写独立宣言的时刻来到时，这一任务便落在了他肩上。数以百万计的人们读到他写的下列词句都激动不已：“我们认为这些真理是不
8、言而喻的：一切人生来就是平等的”U3While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree a
9、nd with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.在我等着进大学期间，我在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告，说是在离我住处大约十英里的伦敦某郊区，有所学校要招聘一名教师。我因为手头很拮据，同时也想做点有用的事，于是便提出了申请，但在提出申请的同时我也担心，自己一无学位，二无教学经验，得到这份工作的的可能性是微乎其微的。However, three days later a letter arrived, asking me to go to Croydon for an interview. It pr
10、oved an awkward journey: a train to Croydon station; a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter of a mile. As a result I arrived on a hot June morning too depressed to feel nervous然而，三天之后，却来了一封信，叫我到克罗伊登去面试。这一路去那儿原来还真麻烦：先乘火车到克罗伊顿车站，再乘十分钟的公共汽车，然后还要至少步行四分之一英里。结果，我在六月一个炎热的上午到了那儿，因为心情非常沮
11、丧，竟不感到紧张了。U4As a boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the natu
12、re of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could.作为一个孩子，以后又作为一个成人，我一直对爱因斯坦的个性感叹不已。他是我认识的人中唯一能跟自己及周围世界达成妥协的人。他知道自己想要什么，而他想要的只是:在他作为一个人的能力范围之内理解宇宙的性质以及宇宙
13、运行的逻辑和单纯。他知道有许多问题的答案超出了他智力所及的范围。但这并不使他感到灰心丧气。只要在能力许可的范围内取得最大的成功他就心满意足了In the 23 years of our friendship, I never saw him show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, or personal ambition. He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of
14、 the worlds most important people, his stationery carried only a watermark W for Woolworths. 在我们二十三年的友谊中，我未见他表现出妒忌、虚荣、痛苦、愤怒、怨恨或个人野心。他好像对这些感情具有免疫能力似的。他毫无矫饰之心，虚荣之意。虽然他与世界上的许多要人通信，他用的却是有 W 水印字母信笺，水印字母 W五分钱商店伍尔沃思的缩写U6Now, in the last month of my residency, sleeping was no longer a problem. There were st
15、ill situations in which I couldnt be certain my decision had been the right one, but I had learned to accept this as a constant problem for a surgeon, one that could never be completely resolved and I could live with it. So, once I had made a considered decision, I no longer dwelt on it. Reviewing i
16、t wasnt going to help and I knew that with my knowledge and experience, any decision Id made was bound to be a sound one. It was a nice feeling.然而，在我做住院医生的最后一个月，睡眠已不再是个问题。在有些情况下我仍然不能确定自己的决定是否正确，但我已学会把这看做一个外科医师经常会遇到的问题，一个永远也不能完全解决的问题我已能适应它了。所以，我一旦经过深思熟虑作出某个决定，就不再去多想它了。多想也不会有什么帮助，而且我知道，凭我的知识和经验，我作出的任何
17、决定肯定都是稳妥的。这是一种令人愉快的感觉。U8School children used to know the story of how Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny hed overcharged a customer. Its the kind of story we think of as myth. But in the case of Lincoln, the story is true . unlike the story of George Washington and the cherry tree.
18、Washingtons first biographer invented the tale of little George saying to his father, “I cannot tell a lie. I did it with my ax.” What is important in both stories, however, is that honesty was seen as an important part of the American character.中、小学学生过去都知道亚伯拉罕林肯步行五英里把多收的一分钱还给顾客的故事。我们已经把这类故事看成了神话。但就
19、林肯来说，这故事却是真实的而不像乔治华盛顿和樱桃树的故事那样是杜撰的。华盛顿的第一位传记作者虚构了小乔对父亲说“我不能说谎，我用斧子砍倒了樱桃树”的故事。然而，在两个故事中都有很重要的一点是，诚实过去一向被看作是美国人性格中的一个重要组成部分。U9Well, then, suppose my auto repairman devised questions for an intelligence test. Or suppose a carpenter did, or a farmer, or, indeed, almost anyone but an academician. By ever
20、y one of those tests, Id prove myself a moron. And Id be a moron, too. In a world where I could not use my academic training and my verbal talents but had to do something intricate or hard, working with my hands, I would do poorly. My intelligence, then, is not absolute. Its worth is determined by t
21、he society I live in. Its numerical evaluation is determined by a small subsection of that society which has managed to foist itself on the rest of us as an arbiter of such matters.那好，假定让我的汽车修理师来为智力检测设计题目。或是让一位木匠、一个农夫或者是除了学究以外的几乎任何一个人来设计题目。按每一次这类的检测来衡量，我都会表明自己是一个笨蛋，而且我也会真的成为一个笨蛋。在一个无法运用我所受过的学校训练以及我在
22、词语方面的才能，而不得不用双手工作，做一些复杂或艰苦的事情的世界上，我会干的很差劲。因此，我的智力并不是绝对的。它的价值是由我生活在其中的社会所决定的。它的数值是由那个社会中一小部分决定的，他们作为这类事情的仲裁人已设法把他们的意志强加在我们身上U10Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit; we cannot flower and grow without it. And yet, while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism,
23、 we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise. 对于人的精神来说，赞扬就像阳光一样；没有它我们便不能开花生长。然而我们大多数人动不动就对别人刮起批评的寒风，不知为什么却不愿意把表扬的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴Why when one word can bring such pleasure? A friend of mine who travels widely always tries to learn a little of the language of any place she visi
24、ts. Shes not much of a linguist, but she does know how to say one word “beautiful” in several languages. She can use it to a mother holding her baby, or to a lonely salesman fishing out pictures of his family. The ability has earned her friends all over the world.只要一句话就能带来这样的欢乐，我们为什么却不愿意这样做呢？我有一个到处旅
25、行的朋友总是努力学一点她要去访问的国家的语言。她并不是什么了不起的语言学家，但她的确知道怎样用几种语言说一个词“美极了” 。她可以对一个怀抱婴儿的母亲或者对一个从身上掏出全家照的寂寞的推销员用上这个词。这种能力为她在全世界赢得了了朋友。Summary Writing U1Whether men are braver than women or not is settled in a dinner party in India （某殖民官员和他的夫人正举行的晚宴）which a colonial official and his wife are giving. At the party a s
26、pirited discussion springs up between a young girl （她认为妇女已经有所进步，不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上）who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major （他则不以为然）who says that they havent . Meanwhile, a strange expression comes over the face of the hostess（其脸部肌肉微微抽搐）whose
27、 muscles contract slightly. But she doesnt say anything. She motions to the native boy（正站在她椅子的后面）who is standing behind her chair, and whispers to him on the veranda just outside the open doors to place a bowl of milk , （这一碗牛奶，在印度只有一个意思 引蛇的诱饵）which in India means only one thing bait for a snake. Abo
28、ut five minutes later, a cobra emerges and makes for the bowl of milk. （当有人问她如何得知房间里有蛇时）When being asked how she knew that there was a cobra in the room he hostess simply says, “(因为它当时正从我的脚背上爬过去) Because it was crawling across my foot”U4In the 23 years (我们的友谊) of our friendship, I never saw him show
29、 (嫉妒) jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, (怨恨) or (个人野心 ) resentment.(他好象对这些感情都具有免疫力似的) He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension.（虽然他与世界上的许多要人通信）Although he corresponded with many of the worlds most important people, his stationery carried only a watermark - W - for Woolwort
30、hs. Einstein was (地地道道)purely and exclusively a theorist. He didnt have (毫无兴趣) the slightest interest in practical application of his ideas and theories. The puzzle that Einstein would never understand was his (名气) fame. He could never understand (为什么他被当作特殊人物挑选出来) why he was singled out as something
31、 specialU6Dr. Nolen believes that (自信是外科医生成功的关键 ) self-confidence is the key to the making of a surgeon . When you can say to yourself (我完全有能力治疗所有的外科病人) “There is no surgical patient I cant treat competently ,” then，and not until then, you are indeed a surgeon. In the first few months of the year, h
32、e dreaded (听到急诊电话的铃声) the ringing of the emergency calls. He often wondered that he had made a poor decision. Now he is confident both in making decisions and in the operating room for he is sure that (以他的知识和经验，他可以应付遇到的所有的病例) he had the knowledge and experience to handle any surgical situation hed e
33、ncounter. Moreover, he is not afraid of making mistakes. He has learned to(承担判断上失误的全部责任) take sole responsibility for a mistake in judgment ,because mistakes are part of a surgeons life. He has got conceit to(帮他度过难熬的时刻) encourage him in trying momentsU8According to a recent poll, 61 percent of Ameri
34、can high school students（承认在考试中至少作过一次弊）have admitted to cheating on exams at least once .Cheating is now considered（是大学里的大问题）to be a major problem in colleges and universities. So colleges and universities across the nation（已决定采取一些措施，而不是谈论而已）have decided to do more than talk about the rise in studen
35、t cheating . Many students（欢迎这一活动）applauded the campaign . American people used to be happy and honest. Honesty was seen as（美国性格中重要的组成部分） an important part of the American character . American people nowadays need to（相互了解才能达到最诚实的境界）know one another to be at their honest best. Some efforts to prevent
36、 students from cheating（实际反而促使学生作弊）may actually encourage cheating. A person may feel（他们反正不信任我）they dont trust me anyway . Distrust can be contagious. But,（信任也会有传染性）so can trust . When students gain confidence in themselves and their abilities, （他们就不大可能作弊了） they are less likely to cheat . U10It was
37、the end of my exhausting day as waitress in a busy New York restaurant. (由于疲劳和沮丧)Weary and discouraged, I was ready to quit. But when I was praised by a father of several children, (我的疲劳顿时消失了) suddenly my tiredness vanished. (表扬就像阳光) Praise is like sunlight to human spirit. Without it (我们就不能开花生长) we
38、 cannot flower and grow . And yet, most of us (动不动就对别人刮起批评的寒风) are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism . Its strange (我们对表扬是何其的慎重)how chary we are about praising . Perhaps its because few of us know (大大方方地接受表扬) how to accept compliments gracefully. Its especially rewarding (
39、对通常不为人们注意或提及的努力) to give praise in areas in which effort generally goes unnoticed or unmentioned. Those who do routine jobs (更懂得赞扬的意义) particularly appreciate praise. To give praise (只需给予者付出片刻的思索和片刻的努力加以赞扬)costs the giver nothing but a moments thought and a moments effort and yet consider the result
40、s it may produce. So,(让我们随时注意周围各种小小的优点) lets be alert to the small excellence around us and comment on them. We will (不仅给别人的生活带来欢乐) not only bring joy into other peoples lives, but also very often, added happiness into our own.翻译U11.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。Their argument ended when she slammed t
41、he door and left without a word.2. 出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点意外。The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3. 约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.4. 当全部乘客都向出口处 (exit) 走去时，他却独自留在座位上，好像不愿意离开这架飞机似的。While all the other
42、 passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.5. 这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人。The letter is to be handed to Dr. Wilson himself.6. 南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7. 你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他？What do you
43、think is the likeliest time to find him at home?8. 猎人一看见有只狐狸从树丛中出现并向他设下 (lay) 的陷阱 (trap) 方向跑去，脸上顿时闪出了兴奋的表情。The hunters face lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of / make for the trap he had laid.U21) 会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程。It was sugge
44、sted at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2) 这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料。By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.3) 他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍。It is very likely that he will be re
45、jected by the army because of his bad eyesight.4) 委员会成员在新机场最佳选址 (location) 这一问题上持有不同意见。The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5) 亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。Henrys works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brothers.6) 我们产品质量的稳步提高在很大程度上是由于
46、设备有所改进。The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment.7) 吉姆本想按照自己的判断行事，但他没有这样做，因为作为军人他得服从命令。Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didnt because as a soldier he had to obey the order.8) 如果让我来决定我们是要一个没有自行车的城市呢，还是要一个没有汽车的城市，我会毫不犹豫地选择后者
47、。Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.U31. She got a post as a cashier at a local bank. But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.她在当地一家银行找到一份出纳员的工作，但不久因不称职而被解雇了。2. It is ob
48、viously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.很明显是他的年轻助手在经营这家书店。3. No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.这项建议在会上一宣布，她就站起来提出异议。4. Bill has applied to Harvard University for a teaching assistantship, but his chances of getting
49、it are slim.比尔已向哈佛大学申请助教职位，但他得到它的可能性很小。5. Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.由于缺乏资金，他们正在想办法吸引外资。6. The room smells of stale air. It must have been vacant for a long time.这个房间有股霉味，一定是好久没人住了。7. As far as hobbies are concerned, Jane and her sister have little in common.就业余爱好而言，珍妮和她妹妹几乎没有什么共同之处。8. It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.不言而喻，青年人的教育对于一个国家的未来是至关重要的。U41) 那小女孩跑得太快，身体一下失去平
