1、写作的重要性 6分最低限，只要结构不出错，得分应该为9分。评判作文四级考试作文主要看内容、结构、语言三个方面。内容不跑题即可，注意：1.不要妄图以情动人；2.不要妄图在构思上出奇制胜。结构上牢记总分总：先写主题句(Topic Sentence)，再写分论点，最后写总结句 (Conclusion)。语言最重要，往往使评分产生重大差异，语言要模仿和包装。基本表达人们认为：it is generally/ widely believed/ held/ agreed that越来越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number o
2、f万能理由（Omnipotence）1. 方便：convenient/ convenience2. 效率：efficient/ efficiently/ efficiency3. 节省和浪费：save time/ money/ space; economical, thriftwaste time/ money/ space; costly, lavish4. 人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive,considerate, confident, creative, sociable,perseverance; selfish, isolate
3、d, conserative5. 人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic6. 娱乐：colorful, pleasure,joy, recreation, entertainmentm, relaxtired, boring, lonely7. 环境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty8. 安全和危险：safe, danger, risk9. 经验：experience, social experience, enter the society10. 人际：humane, fair, un
4、fair, help, assist, freedom, freely写完之后修改注意：（内容方面尽量不要修改）1、字母大小写 2、怪符号 3、单词拼写 4、主谓一致 5、动词时态 6、名词单复数实例一题目：BicyclesAn Important Means of Transport in China提纲：（1）为什么自行车在中国这样普及（2）和汽车的比较（3）自行车在中国的前途Score: 8 Bicycle is an important means of transport in China. The important reason of it is the economy of C
5、hinese. The use of bicycle in China is widely because people in China have not high wage. They can only afford a bicycle, and they have no money to buy a car which is too expensive. So Chinese usually buy a bicycle, and use it to go to work, or go to travel and so on. The other reason is the large p
6、opulation of China. All these made the bicycle become the important means of transport. The bicycle, compared to the car, is not too expensive and it is easy to learn and to use and it can save the surface of putting it. It doesnt ask to build the garage like car. This point is very important to Chi
7、na, because of the lack of land. It isnt too expensive, so Chinese can afford it. It doesnt need any oil, and it cant cause the polusion. All of these are the good needs compared to the car.In the future, bicycle will be widely used. And it will be in good demand. People will produce much more moder
8、n bicycles.Score: 14Bicycles are very popular in China. Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles. During the rush hour, you can see that thousands of people - man and woman, old and young - ride their bicycles to work and study. That is why China is called “the kingdom of bicycles”.
9、注：1. 第一句总写，第二句和第三句分写，最后总写。2. During the rush hour 分词结构开头。3. 破折号内容为同位语,句式多变化。Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways. First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride. Second, riding bicycle is good for health. Third, they bring no noise nor air pollution. Though cars are faster and
10、more comfortable, they are too expensive. They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air. Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car. Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents.注：1. Compared with cars 分词结构开头。2. be superior to/ be inferior to 优于/ 低于3. thirst, second, third
11、 英语语言有层次感，信号词4. cheap 便宜，最好用 inexpensive5. be good for health 对健康有好处（万能理由）6. Moreover 表示递进In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising. Since China is a developing country and has a large population, I think, riding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions. It will be an import
12、ant means of transportation for quite a long time.注：promising 有前途的 a promising young manScore: 11There millions of bicycles in todays China. Bicycles are very important means of transport in peoples daily lives. Because to ride a bicycle is very simple, to buy a bicycle will not cost so much money,
13、to park a bicycle needs just a small room and to ride a bicycle does not need oil but the riders strength, bicycles are popular all over the world, especially in China.注：第一句应该用there be结构Compared with a car, a bicycle is much cheaper. It is more suitable for China as a developing country. And a bicyc
14、le has almost caused no pollution but a car has. On the contrary, a bicycle is too slow, it costs more times than a car.I think the population of Chinas bicycle will be kept for the long run. Because it will be replaced by a car, a bus and so on in some developed areas in China, and it will be made
15、a wide use in the developing areas in China, the number of bicycles in China will be the same as today but I believe that its quality will be improved.I、对比观点选择题：1.有人认为； 2.另外一些人认为； 3.谈谈你的观点和看法。 （最好写成4段）实例二 99年6月真题Reading Selectively Or Extensively?Outline: 1. 有人认为读书要有选择2. 有人认为应当博览群书 3. 我的想法How should
16、 we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are
17、many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively.But others may not agree, they emphasize that todays society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have mo
18、re chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.Whos right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books
19、 in many fields, and read selectively in one field.典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：（启）Paragraph I：（1）引出将要评论的事物或者是观点； （ 2）简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。Score: 14分How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.（启）注：第一句提出问题，第二句提出两种见解典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：（承）Paragraph II：（1）提出一种观点或优点；（
20、2）本段的支持性分论点；（3）本段总结（可以省略） 。Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and w
21、e shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively.（承）注：1. 本段总分总结构2. they argue that = they think that3. with the development of. 随着的发展4. whats more 递进关系， moreover5. bad = pornographic 色情的 2.银行贷款 3.打工挣钱第二段主题句：There are many ways to support
22、 my college education financially./ Ways to support my university study financially vary greatly/ are various.第二段分写：In the first place, I can get/ gain/ obtain all the money from my parents.In the second place, I can apply for/ ask for a bank loan, especially set up/ established for college students
23、/ undergraduates.Whats more, I can find a part time job to earn enough money.第三段：我所赞同的方法（阐述原因，为何不选其他的方法） 。Personally/ As far as Im concerned/ In my opinion/ From my point of view/ To my way of thinking/ As I see it, I prefer the bank loan for the following reasons.For one thing, my parents are not r
24、ich enough to afford me.For another, I will not have enough time and energy to study after finishing my part-time/ temporary/ odd jobs.In addition, I believe I can hunt a rewarding/ dream job after graduation, and then I will be able to pay off/ pay back/ return/ give back.Therefore /So /Hence,.使文章富
25、有表现力的手段：1、使用有难度的词汇；2、使用形容词修饰名词，用副词修饰动词或整个句子；3、使用被动语态；4、使用倒装句；(not only. but also.；only.)5、尽可能地使用名词，而不是习惯中的动词和形容词。绿化我们的城市第一段：近年来，随着工商业的迅猛发展，许多大城市中树木的数量大幅度降低。人们作出各种努力防止树木被砍伐，但是，认识到绿化城市也同样重要。普通版Recently, with the development of businesses and industries, more and more trees have disappeared in big citi
26、es. We have tried our best to prevent people from cutting trees. But, it is important to realize to make our cities green.润色版In contemporary society, while our industries and businesses have experienced a(n) rapid/ fast/ amazing/ marked/ fantastic development, the number of trees in many large citie
27、s has declined/ decreased/ reduced sharply/ dramatically. Although remarkable efforts have been exerted to prevent more trees from being cut, the realization of making cities greener is still of great importance.注：区分industry 和 industrial绿化我们的城市（续）第二段：绿化城市会带来很多好处。其一，绿化城市能够净化空气。科学研究已经证明树木通过吸收作用可以降低大气中
28、碳化合物的含量。其二，它能够美化城市。到处是花草树木，我们会欣然地感到自己置身于美丽的花园中。最后，绿化城市能够带来大量木材，这是解决自然资源短缺的有效办法。普通版There are many advantages in making cities greener. First, it makes our air clean. Scientific research has proved that trees can reduce a great amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through absorption. Second, it
29、adds to the beauty of our cities. With trees and flowers everywhere, there is a pleasant feeling that we live in a beautiful garden and are closer to nature. Finally, it will bring us a lot of timber. And this is an effective way to solve the problem of lack of natural resources.润色版What benefits can
30、 the program of making cities greener bring to us? First, the air will be cleaner. Scientific experiments have already proved that trees can reduce air pollution by producing a lot of oxygen. This will improve the quality of the urban environment. Second, our cities will look more beautiful. Just im
31、agine the city which is full of trees and flowers. What an attractive garden it is! Whats more, by making cities greener, we can provide our industry with timber the precious natural resources.绿化我们的城市（续）第三段：绿化城市需要全国人民共同努力，人们不仅要广泛认识到城市绿化对城市环境的贡献，还应该同心协力栽植更多的树木并保护它们不受商业使用的侵犯。普通版Making cities greener r
32、equires peoples efforts all over the country. And people should not only realize that it is important to make cities greener for its contribution to urban environment, but also plant trees and protect them from being used in business.润色版Making cities greener requires more than widespread awareness;
33、it calls for an immediate commitment to planting more trees and growing more flowers.(Making cities greener requires the whole nations efforts. And not only should most people gain the awareness of the significant contribution of making cities greener to urban environment, but also make a commitment
34、 to the protection of more trees against business.)句型变化A. (1) We can imagine the beautiful surroundings. (2) There are many trees along the streets. (3) There is a clean river in the city. (4) There are many fishes in the river. (5) There are willow trees on the one side. (6) There are some pieces o
35、f grassland on the other side. (7) There are many flowers on them.B. (1) Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we have made our cities greener. (2) Green trees line the streets. (3) A clean river winds through the city, in which a lot of fishes abound. (4) On the one side stand rows of willow t
36、rees. (5) On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers.1. There be.1) a. There are fewer and fewer citizens who like to see films.b. Films are now losing their appeal for many citizens.2) a. There are many people who complain of severe housing shortages.b.
37、 Housing shortages become the source of great complaint.2. If1) a. If you compare the two methods carefully, you will find the difference.b. Careful comparison of the two methods will show you the difference.2) a. If we only apply book knowledge, we will not get good result.b. The application of boo
38、k knowledge alone will not bring you good result.3) a. If there is no pollution, man can certainly survive.b. Man can certainly survive in the world where there is no pollution.3. In order to1) a. In order to prevent the problem becoming too serious to solve, we must take an immediate step.b. An imm
39、ediate step must be taken before the problem becomes too serious to solve.2) a. In order to build a stable and prosperous nation, people should make new efforts.b. New efforts will bring .4. More and more1) a. More and more people now prefer to stay at home and watch TV.b. People in ever increasing
40、numbers prefer to stay at home and watch TV.2) a. More and more people who become more and more rich can afford a motorcycle.b. The growing number of people who become increasingly rich can now afford a motorcycle.3) a. More and more teenagers smoke cigarettes in recent years.b. Teenage smoking is o
41、n the rise/ increase/ decrease/ decline in recent years.4) a. More and more teachers are needed with the development of economy.b. There is an increasing demand for teachers with the development of economy.5) a. More and more trees have disappeared in the city.b. There is a sharp decline in the numb
42、er of trees in the city.社会热点话题写作练习：Jobs for Graduates 1) 大学生难找工作2) 原因很多3) 解决的办法With the fantastic development of modern society, people in ever increasing numbers have access to tertiary education （高等教育） . As a result, job-hunting is now becoming headache for most graduates.范文23：Nowadays, college gr
43、aduates come to realize that it is not easy to get a rewarding job. Most/ Many of them can not get a job right after graduation.The job market for college students/ graduates is getting tighter and tighter. According to a survey, only 80% of college graduates of the class of 2002 found jobs the year
44、 they graduated, compared with 95% in 2000. Why do college graduates find it increasingly difficult to get jobs?第二段细节论证分析原因：1、Among the most convincing/ important reasons given/ cited/ offered/ identified by people for this problem/ phenomenon, one should be stressed/ emphasized/ mentioned.2、One may
45、 regard/ see/ view/ think of the trend/ increase/ phenomenon as a sign of/ result of/ response to/ reaction to .3、The increase/ change/ failure/ success in . mainly/ largely/ partly results from/ arises from is due to/ owing to/ attributable to the fact that/ several factors .Several years ago, many
46、 students were enrolled in/ admitted to/ taken in/ matriculated popular major, so that the supply is superior to/ outweigh/ exceeds the demand. Many graduates are reluctant to work in the remote areas/ western provinces/ developing areas/ less developed country. Graduates without working experiences
47、 are now losing their appeal for many international cooperations, such as .国家制定法律法规个人接受教育III、图表题（table, bar graph, pie chart, line graph）图表题的写作逻辑结构：Paragraph I:（1）概括描述图表：趋势描写；（2）具体描述图表：必要数据支持（细节性） 。Paragraph II:（1 ）提出自己理由和观点（本段主题句） ；（2）细节性分论点（主要是原因，用于支持自己的观点，至少两点） 。Paragraph III:（1 ）预测未来和提出解决方法；（2）总
48、结全文和表达作者自己观点【标题】Changes in Peoples DietDirections: Write a three-paragraph composition to:1. State the changes in peoples diet in the past five years.2. Give possible reasons for the changes.3. Draw your own conclusion.You should quote as few figures as possible.【短文】Changes in Peoples DietIn the pas
49、t five years there have been many changes in peoples diet. Grain, as the main food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role, while the proportion of some high-energy foods, such as milk and meat, has increased.What has caused these changes? I think there are two reasons. First, people now have more money. The price of meat and milk is much higher than that of grain, so in the old days people couldnt afford them. Now they have enough money to buy both meat and milk. Second, people nowaday
