1、大学英语 B 网考辅导语法精讲与样题分析词汇:根据考试大纲的要求,考生应认知 3000 个单词,并熟练掌握其中的 1800 个单词及其基本的搭配. 主要涉及到名词、动词、动词短语、形容词、副词的近义词、同义词、近形词之间的辨析,词的搭配及惯用法. 语法:根据考试大纲的要求,考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识,并能在听、说、读、写、译中较正确地加以应用. 语法结构部分主要涉及到从句、不定式、分词、动名词、虚拟语气等基本语法结构. 题型介绍:主要考查语言、词汇、习语和语法方面的系统知识.特点: 一题多个考点,对综合能力提出更高的要求. 题目组成:选择题(5 题,15 分)和完型填空题(10 题,10 分
2、)一、关注词性(一)名词 A. 知识要点名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词.可数名词有单、复数之分.1.不可数名词只用单数形式.如果要表示数量多少,需在其前面加量词来表达.如:a piece of news(一条新闻);two pieces of advice(两条建议)2.名词所有格的构成是名词加 “s“,如:Marys room;如原词已有复数词尾-s,则只加“,如:the students hall, 通常用于有生命的存在物的名词 ;名词所有格也可以由介词 of 加名词构成 ,通常用于无生命的存在物的名词, 如:the window of the classroom. B.例题讲解 What
3、 a beautiful house! Especially there are many _.furniture B. furnituresC. pieces of furniture D. pieces of furnitures 解析:此题考查名词的单复数 .Furniture 为不可数名词,后面不能加 s.很多家具用 many pieces of furniture,因此答案为 C.(二)冠词- 知识要点冠词是一种虚词,用在名词前面,说明名词是特指还是泛指.冠词分不定冠词和定冠词.不定冠词: a / an 表示“一“、“ 某一“概念,用于单数可数名词前.a 用在辅音开头的词前,an 用
4、在元音开头的词前.如:an English teacher/ a second year 一位老师/又一年;2. 定冠词:the 表示 “特指的一个或一些“.通常用在形容词最高级及序数词前 ,或世界上独一无二的事物前;也用于乐器名词前.如:the best season 最好的季节/the first lady 第一夫人 /the earth 地球/play the piano 弹钢琴;3. 不使用冠词的情况 :在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称之前.在某些惯用词中也不用冠词,以具体名词表示抽象概念. 如: have lunch 吃午饭 play basketball 打篮球 go to sc
5、hool 上学例题讲解 1)_ girl dressed _ black is her sister Rose. (大学英语(B)Test 2, 34)A. A; in B. A; on C. The; on D. The; in 解析:D.介词 in 可表示 “穿(戴)“的意思.此外,特指“穿黑色衣服的女孩“,用定冠词 the.2)He is fond of playing _ piano while his brother is interested in listening to _ music. (大学英语(B)Test 5, 36) A. /; theB. /; /C. the; /
6、 D. the; the 解析:C.演奏的乐器名词前+the.Music 为不可数名词,其前不用可用 a/an,而题意“对音乐感兴趣“并没有特指哪种音乐,也不可用 the.3)He goes to _ church every Sunday.church he usually goes to has seating for over a thousand.A. a, the B. /, The C. The, theD. /, a 解析:B.go to church“做礼拜“是惯用法,不用冠词.“他常去的教堂“ 表特指,前加 the.(三)代词代词用于指代.包括: 人称、物主、反身、疑问、不定
7、代词等.1.many, few 和 a few 一般只能修饰或指代可数名词,much, little 和 a little 一般只能修饰或指代不可数名词.a few 和a little 表示“有一些“,具有肯定意义,而 few 和 little 表示“几乎没有“, 具有否定意义.many 和much 表示“许多“.2.表示“ 全部“:两者用 both,三者以上用 all; 表示“全无“:两者用 neither,三者以上用 none;表示“ 任一“:两者用 either,三者以上用 any.3. other, others,the other,the others, another 的区别(1)
8、other 作形容词修饰名词,泛指“别的、其他的“.有时会放在 some, any, every, no 等词之后.e.g. We study Chinese, maths, English and other lessons.(2)others 是代词,泛指“其他人或物“.如:Im glad to help others.(3)the other 特指范围内的另一个(范围内一共两个 ).e.g. I have two friends. One is from Australia, the other is from Japan.(4)the others 特指范围内的另一些(范围总数通常多于
9、两个 ).e.g. There are forty students in our class. Twenty-eight of us are boys, the others are girls.(5)another 指同类中(三个或三个以上)的“另一个“,是指不确定的另一个.e.g. Would you like another cup of coffee?例题讲解 1)The baby is hungry, but theres _ milk in the bottle. (大学英语(B)Test 2, 28)littleB. a littleC. few D. a few 解析:A.m
10、ilk 是不可数名词,所以只能用 little/a little 修饰,而根据题意“宝宝饿了 ,但瓶里几乎没有牛奶了 “,只能选 little(少得几乎没有).2)She has two best friends.of them is in the country. (大学英语 (B)Test 2, 44)All B. BothC. No one D. Neither 解析:D.代词 all 表“所有“和 both 表“两者都“,其后的谓语动词需要用复数.neither 表“两者都不“, 其后的谓语动词用单数.3)Its time to tidy your room, Harry! See t
11、he tidy room, Mum!is where it should be. (大学英语(B)Test 5, 33) A. SomethingB. AnythingC. EverythingD. Nothing 解析:C.根据说话人所说内容可以知道,房间里一切都很整洁,含有整体性,应用 everything.Anything 用于肯定句时,表强 调,该句没有强调之意.4)The red flower goes from one to _ in the class. (大学英语(B)Test 6, 27) A. the otherB. othersC. anotherD. other 解析:
12、C.按照句意传花不是两者之间(from one to the other),而是三者以上(from one to another),故选 C.(四)数词-知识要点数词分为两大类:基数词和序数词.1.基数次表示数量(one, two, three),序数次表示次序(first, second, third).2.数词 hundred, thousand, million 不用复数;其“复数+of“可表示上百、成千、数百万,如:three thousand 三千/thousands of trees(成千上万的树)3.在年龄的表达时,注意以下表达法:He is six years old.(其中
13、year 须用其复数)He is a six-year-old boy.(其中 year 不用复数) 他 6 岁了.“例题讲解 1)They have learned about _ in recent years. (大学英语(B)Test 2, 37) A.several hundreds English wordsB. hundreds of English wordsC. hundred of English wordsD. several hundred English word 解析:B.hundreds of 之类的短语之前也可加 many,several 之类的词修饰.A 项的
14、错误在于 hundreds 后缺少 of.2)Nancy is _ girl. (大学英语 (B)Test 2, 29)a eighteen-year-old B. an eighteen-years-oldC. a eighteen-years-oldD. an eighteen-year-old 解析:D.eighteen-year-old 是一个由连字符连接的复合形容词(其中 year 不用复数), 作 girl 的定语.同时,由于 eighteen 是元音开头的词,前面的不定冠词用 an.(五)形容词和副词的比较级与最高级 A. 知识要点 1.比较级和最高级的构成形式(1) 绝大多数单
15、音节和部分双音节词后加-er 构成比较级,加-est 构成最高级.如:nice nicer nicest(2)大部分双音节词和所有的多音节词,前面加 more 构成比较级,加 the most 构成最高级.如:careful-more careful-most careful2.形容词和副词的应用(1)同等程度比较:as + 原级 + as e.g. Tom is as bright as Mark.汤姆和亨利一样聪明.(2)不同程度的比较:比较级 + than e.g. Tom is taller than Mark.汤姆比亨利高.not as/so + 原级 + as e.g. Tom i
16、s not as/so bright as Mark. 汤姆不如亨利聪明.(3)对比与比较:(越来越)the +比较级, the +比较级 e.g. The older I get, the happier I am.我越变老,越觉得幸福.比较级+ and +比较级 e.g. Jane became more and more beautiful.珍妮越来越漂亮了.(4)当几个形容词修饰一个名词时,其排列顺序是: 好坏、美丑 + 大小、新旧、颜色 + +质地、属性 + 名词(5)当被修饰的是以-thing, -one, -body 结尾的不定代词时,作定语的形容词要后置. e.g. I rea
17、d something interesting. 我读了一些有趣的东西.例题讲解 1)Your box is mine.four times as big as B. four times as bigger asC. as four times bigD. as big as four times 解析:A.在 asas 句型中,如有表示程度的状语(如 twice, three times),则置第一个 as 之前,表示前者是后者的几倍 .2)Todays weather is _ worse than yesterdays. (大学英语 (B)Test 2, 40)very B. much
18、 C. very much D. much too 解析:B.very 用来修饰形容词的原级形式;much 修饰比较级;very much 一般用来修饰动词; much too 常用来修饰形容词的原级形式.3)Did the medicine make you feel better? No. The more I feel.(大学英语(B)Test 6, 43) A. medicine I take; and the worseB. medicine I take; the worse C. I take medicine; the worseD. I take medicine; wors
19、e 解析:c. 本题是“ 越越“句型,要用 “the + 比较级,the + 比较级“句型,前后分句都用陈述语气.4)What will you buy for your boyfriends birthday? I want to buy a _ wallet for him. (大学英语(B)Test 5, 34) A. black leather smallB. small black leather C. small leather blackD. black small leather 解析:B.根据多个形容词作定语次序排列规律,应该是 small(大小)+black(颜色)+lea
20、ther(质地 ). 二、关注基本时态动词的基本时态 A. 知识要点 1.一般现在时态形式为 do 或 does (第三人称单数).通常表示客观事实或真理;或表示经常发生的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态.e.g. The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转.He always goes to school by bike.他总是骑车去上学.(特别提醒:.一般现在时可以代替将来时 ,用于时间和条件状语从句中.e.g. Please be sure to telephone me the next time you come.下次来之前请一定给我来电话.2.一般过去时
21、态形式为 did. 表示过去时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,常与过去特定的时间状语连用;或表示过去某一段时间一直持续或反复发生的动作,可与表示频度的时间副词连用.e.g. I bought this computer five years ago.He often took a walk after supper when he was alive.3.一般将来时态形式为:will / shall do /be going to do. 表在未来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态. e.g. The telephone is ringing. I will answer it.电话在响,我去接.
22、4.现在进行时态 形式为:is/am/are+ doing,表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作.e.g. The police are looking for the two missing children.警察们正在寻找两个丢失的孩子.5.过去进行时态 形式为: was/were + doing,表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作 .e.g. Jane burnt her hand when she was cooking the dinner.6.现在完成时态形式为:have / has done,常与 already,never,ever, yet 连用.用来表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动
23、作.e.g. The milk has already become undrinkable 牛奶已经不能喝了.或者表示过去某时间开始一直延续到现在的动作.e.g. He has lived here since 1949.自从 1949 年以来,他一直住在这儿.7.过去完成时形式为:had done. 表示在过去某一时刻以前已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻、或是在此刻前已经完成的动作.e.g. By the end of last term we had learned 1000 English words.到上学期末我们已经学了 1000 个英语单词.B.例题讲解 1)When Lily ca
24、me home at 5 p.m. yesterday, her mother _ dinner in the kitchen. (大学英语 (B)Test 1, 36)cooked B. was cooking C. cooksD. has cooked 解析:B. 此题意思为:当 Lily 昨天下午五点回家时 ,妈妈正在厨房里做饭 .用过去进行时.2)Johns father _ mathematics in this school ever since he graduated from Harvard University. (大学英语(B)Test 1, 40)taught B. t
25、eachesC. has taught D. is teaching 解析:C.此题意思为:约翰的父亲自从哈佛大学毕业后就一直在这所学校读书,这种状态一直持续到现在,所以句子用现在完成时.3)I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I _ to half a dozen other groups before. (大学英语(B)Test 2, 45)was givingB. am givingC. had given D. have given解析:C. 凡是表示过去动作之前的动作要用过去完成式“had don
26、e“.根据题意可知 had given 的动作发生在 was giving 之前,所以用过去完成时.三、关注动词的语态1.动词的语态表示主语和谓语之间的关系.英语有“大学英语(B)“考试大纲试点高校网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试,旨在遵循网络教育应用型人才的培养目标,针对从业人员继续教育的特点,重在检验学生掌握基础知识的水平及应用能力,全面提高现代远程高等学历教育的教学质量.“大学英语“ 课程是现代远程教育试点高校网络教育实行全国统一考试的部分公共基础课之一.该课程的考试是一种基础水平检测性考试,考试合格者应达到与成人高等教育本科相应的大学英语课程要求的水平.考试对象教育部批准的现代远程教
27、育试点高校网络教育学院和中央广播电视大学“人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点“项目中自 2004 年 3 月 1 日( 含 3 月 1 日)以后入学的本科层次学历教育的学生,应参加网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试.“大学英语(B)“考试大纲适用于除英语类和艺术类专业以外的其他专业高中起点与专科起点本科学生.考试目标本考试旨在全面检查现代远程教育所有专业(除英语类和艺术类专业) 的学生综合运用英语听、说、读、写各项技能的基本能力.考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识和词汇,具备运用不同的阅读和听力技巧获取信息的能力以及用英语进行口头和笔头交际的基本能力.考试内容与要求【语法】 考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识
28、,并能在听、说、读、写、译中较正确地加以运用.【词汇】 考生应认知 3 000 个单词,并熟练掌握其中的 1 800 个单词及其基本的搭配.【听力】 考生应能基本听懂日常生活以及社会生活中的一般性谈话,平均语速为每分钟 110个单词.考生应能:1.理解主旨要义;2.获取事实性的具体信息;3.理解说话者的意图、观点或态度.【交际能力】 考生应掌握日常生活常见情景中的基本交际用语.【阅读】 考生应能读懂与日常生活和社会生活相关的不同类型的文字材料,阅读速度为每分钟 50 个单词.考生应能:1.理解主旨要义;2.理解文中具体信息;3.根据上下文推测生词词义;4.进行有关的判断、推理和引申,理解作者的
29、意图、观点或态度.【写作】 考生应能在 30 分钟内写出长度不少于 80 词的常见应用文及一般的叙述文、说明文和议论文.考生应能:1.用较正确的语法、词汇、拼写、标点进行表达;2.基本做到内容切题,结构严谨,条理清楚;3.根据不同的写作目的进行有针对性的写作.试卷结构与题型“大学英语(B)“试卷结构与题型项目 部分 内容 题型 考点 题量 分数 总分时间(分钟) 听力 A 简短对话 多项选择 获得主旨大意和具体信息的能力 10 个题 10 20 20B 简短对话5 个题 5C 短文5 个题 5交际用语简短对话 多项选择 日常情景交际能力 10 个题 10 10 10阅读理解3 篇短文,包括应用
30、文、描述文、记叙文、说明文或议论文等 多项选择 理解主旨要义、具体信息,根据上下文推测词义 15 个题 30 30 30词汇与结构 A 单句 多项选择 语法和词汇 15 个题 15 25 30B 短文 完形填空 词汇、句法和篇章 10 个空 10写作作文 命题作文 写作能力 1 15 15 30总计 100 100 120考试方式与时间考试为闭卷考试.考试满分为 100 分.考试由全国高校网络教育考试委员会组织命题,在同一时间全国统考.考试分为五个部分,第一部分为听力,20 分;第二部分为交际用语,10 分; 第三部分为阅读理解,30 分;第四部分为词汇与结构 ,25 分; 第五部分为写作,1
31、5 分 .考试时间共 120 分钟,其中听力部分占 20 分钟,交际用语部分占 10 分钟,阅读理解部分占 30 分钟,词汇与结构部分占 30 分钟,写作部分占 30 分钟.题型示例“大学英语(B)“题型样例Part I. Listening Comprehension(20 points)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear ten short conversations.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.B
32、oth the conversation and the question will be spoken twice.After each conversation, there will be a pause.During the pause, you should read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide on the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the cente
33、r.1.A.At the bank. B.At the stationers. C.In a theater. D.In a department store.2.A.She is easy-going.B.She is hard on her students.C.She looks mean, but deep down she is kind.D.She is an ill-tempered person.3.A.He is nervous about giving lectures.B.He lectures to a group of humorous people.C.He giv
34、es amusing lectures.D.He is not serious with his lectures.(共 10 题)Section BDirections: In this section you will hear a conversation.The conversation will be spoken twice.There are five questions about the conversation.For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Decide on the best a
35、nswer and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.11.How many new stadiums will be built in Beijing?A.70. B.17. C.7. D.71.12.When will they start to build the first one?A.This year. B.Next month. C.This month. D.Next year.13.What are they doing ab
36、out the subway system?A.They are extending the subway system into the suburbs.B.They are rebuilding the subway system.C.They are changing the subway system.D.They are using buses instead.14.Where are they getting the money from?A.From the local government.B.From foreign visitors.C.Mostly from foreig
37、n investors.D.From the local people.15.How much money will be needed for the work?A.1.65 billion. B.1.65 million.C.65 million. D.6 billion.Section CDirections: In this section you will hear a passage.The passage will be read twice.There are five questions about the passage.For each question there ar
38、e four choices marked A, B, C and D.Decide on the best answer and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.16.What happened to Fred one day?A.He lost his fighting spirit.B.He didnt have the spirit to triumph over a crisis.C.He lost his spirits when
39、 talking to his boss.D.He was in a bad mood.17.What did Fred decide to do when he was to meet his boss? A.To put on his best clothes.B.To play an unsuccessful part.C.To put on a happy appearance.D.To put on an air of innocence.18.What principle of psychological research did Fred happen to find? A.Av
40、oid people when you feel depressed.B.Acting a part can help change the way you feel.C.Be self-assured when nothing goes wrong.D.Smiling helps reduce anxiety or fear.19.In the passage we hear “Look your best to increase your self-confidence“, what does the phrase “look your best“ mean?A.Put on your b
41、est clothes.B.Be in the highest spirits.C.Be watchful and careful.D.Try your best to be calm.20.How can you put the principle of psychological research to work in your own life? A.You should smile to cheer yourself up.B.You should relax to reduce anxiety or fear.C.You should keep cool and increase y
42、our self-confidence in a crisis.D.All of the above.Part II. Use of English(10 points)Directions: In this part there are 10 incomplete dialogues.For each dialogue there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the dialogue.Then mark the corresponding letter on t
43、he Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.21. Hello, may I talk to the headmaster now?A.Sorry, he is busy at the moment B.No, you cantC.Sorry, you cant D.I dont know22. Do you think I could borrow your dictionary? A.Yes, you may borrow B.Yes, go onC.Yes, help yourself D.It doesnt matter.
44、30.(共 10 题)Part III. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: There are three passages in this part.Each passage is followed by five questions.For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet
45、with a single line through the center.Passage 1Is teaching important? Well, of course it is.There was a time when the necessary knowledge could be taught to the young by family members.But as societies became more complex and division of labor more common, it was impossible for family members to tea
46、ch the information and skills young people needed to become useful members of the society.As the need for specialists appeared, the job of teaching came into being in our country, and teaching as a job has been of increasing importance over the past one hundred years.Today, we have strict rules for
47、teachers.We hope all children can go to school.Many things tell us that teaching is indeed an “important“ job.In recent years, there has been an increasing need for teachers to be “responsible“.This means that the public expects teachers to succeed in teaching important information to the young.Teac
48、hers salaries today, while not much, certainly are much higher than they were in the past.These increases have come about because people have realized that without enough salaries, people who have abilities will not become teachers.Today almost no one says that “anybody will do“ for a teacher.The pu
49、blic expects “quality people“ to teach the young, and progress is being made to give salaries that will make people who have abilities become teachers.31.Before the job of teaching came into being _.A.family members had been responsible for the education of the youngB.specialists had been in charge of teaching young peopleC.young people had to be self-educatedD.the society had played an important role in educating youn
