1、1语法复习第一部分I虚拟句 （对将来、目前、过去的事实进行虚拟或相反的假设）1规则型（If, wish 引导的虚拟句）1a: If 引导的虚拟句A对将来进行虚拟： If + should/ were to/ 过去式， would/should + 动词原形（从句） （主句）B对现在进行虚拟： If + 过去式 ， would/should/could + 动词原形 （从句） （主句）C对过去进行虚拟： If +过去完成时 ， would/should +现在完成时（从句） （主句）（请注意错综虚拟句： 有时主句、从句时间不一致，真实、虚拟交错，这时我们须从句义上来分析。 ）*错综时间虚拟条件句
2、（主句与从句时间不一致，真实与虚拟交错）2eg1: He talks as if he _ the incident. A. had witnessed B. witnesses C. witnessed D. has witnessedeg2: I should have taken my sick brother to a hospital, but I _ . A. didnt B. hadnt C. wasnt D. shouldnt1b: wish 引导的虚拟句 A对将来/现在进行虚拟：I wish + 过去式 I wish + would/should + 动词原形（表示抱怨）B对
3、过去进行虚拟：I wish + 过去完成时 2 “Should + 动词原形”型2a: It is+表示“建议、要求、心理判断”的形容词 +( should)+动词原形 （从 句）2b: 表示 “建议、要求、命令”的动词 + （should） + 动词原形 （从句）2c: 表示 “以免/担心”的词组 lest, for fear that, in case + should + 动词原形（从句）（完形填空题）There are two other important considerations for todays engineers. First, they work with manag
4、ement and government officials 3who are very cost-conscious and demand that engineering systems _ not only from a technical, but also from an economic point of view.A. to work B. are working C. be workable D. are workable 3 “过去式”句型3a: It is (high, very, the right, about) time + 动词过去时 （从句）3b : would
5、rather + 宾语 + 动词过去时 （对现在/ 将来虚拟）（从句）would rather + 宾语 + 动词过去完成时 （对过去虚拟）（从句）eg1: It is about time (that) people _ notice of what women did during the war. A.take B.will take C.took D.have takeneg2: I would rather you drove me home after the party. I would rather she hadnt told her mother the truth las
6、t night.II综合练习题1. If she _ me last year, she wouldnt have been so miserable. A. has listened to B. had listened C. had listened to D. listened to2. Had he not done that to the country, the people _ towards him.A. would not have hatred B. would not have felt hatred C. had hatred D. have hatred43. Had
7、 I taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I _ wet now. A. would not being B. would not be C. am not D. will not be 4. I wish I _ the concert last night. A. had watched B. have watch C. would have watched D. would watch5. It is vital that the business information _ . A. keep secret B. kept s
8、ecretC. be kept secret D. keeps secret6. He demanded the office building _ before Friday. A. clear out B. cleared outC. be cleared out D. to be cleared out 7. Adults should never say or do anything wrong before children, lest they _ them a bad example.A. should set B. would set C. will set D. are go
9、ing to set8. Its about time the world _ notice of what women did during the war.A. should have taken B. took C. take D. had taken9. I would rather you _ me home after the party.A. drove B. drive C. to drive D. would have driven 10. Her parents would rather she _ them the news last night. 5A. didnt t
10、ell B. hadnt told C. not tell D. told III. 非谓语动词复习1 “-ing 型”的非谓语动词2. ed 型的非谓语动词 3. 不定式 to do4. 独立主格结构Non-finite Verbs Revisited(非谓语动词复习)I. ing 型的非谓语动词用法（表示主动含义）1做定语（前置和后置）eg1: This is a _ question that needs settling down immediately. A. pressed B. pressure C. pressing D. presseseg2: The issue _ is
11、mainly concerned about some African affairs.A. to discuss B. being discussed C discussing D. discusses 2. 做宾语（放在动词或介词之后）(完形填空)eg1: Recruiting outside the company means either advertising the vacancy directly or _ an employment agency. A. use B. to use C. used D. using eg2: We were surprised at _ the
12、 exam.A. him not passing B. his passing not C. his no passing D. him not to pass3. 做主语（注意其否定形式）eg1: _ ones work properly may be worse than not doing it at all.A: Not to do B. Doing not C. Doing D. Not doing64. 做状语（常见考题）eg1: Television has become a major instrument of communication, _ us to see as we
13、ll as to hear all kinds of programs. A. to permit B. permitted C. being permitting D. permittingeg2: Electrical resistance is a common property of all materials, _.A. only differs in degree B. only in degree it differs C. differing only in degree D. and differing in degree only. 5. 做独立主格结构（常见考题）eg1:
14、 The old writer could not sleep at night, his wrongs and sorrows _ him no peace. A. gave B. have given C. being given D. giving (完形填空题) She looked warmly clad with her coat and scarf, her hair _ in the breeze from the sea. A. is flowing B. was flowing C. flowing D flownII. ed 形的非谓语动词（表示被动含义）1做定语(模拟试
15、题完形填空题)eg1: Urban planning was an important factor in Europe after World War II, when urban planners directed the reconstruction of _ areas.A. war-shattered B. war-addicting C. war-like D. war-weary 2. 做状语eg1: _ in ancient times, the book still appeals to readers today.7A.Though it written B.Though
16、written C.It was written D.Written it was eg2: That the brain, once _ oxygen, dies has been proved.A. depriving B. deprived C. being deprived D. deprived of 3. 做宾语补足语(常见考题)eg1: The next morning the police found him _ in a dark yard.A. murdered B. died C. murdering D. to murder (完形填空题)eg2: The old co
17、uple got extremely irritated and immediately had the house once more _ green.A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. being painted 4. 做独立主格结构 (常见考题)eg1: The decision _ , what is to be done now is how to carry it out.A. been made B. has been made C. having been made D. having been making eg2: A new tec
18、hnique _ , the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.A. working out B. having worked out C. having been worked out D. to have been worked outIII: Infinitive：to do (不定式复习)1不定式可充当句子主语（用单数谓语） 、宾语、表语（用在 be 动词之后） 、定语、状语（多表示目的）和宾语补语。eg1: To help others is our duty. It is our duty to help others.eg2: 通
19、常接不定式做宾语的动词有：agree, ask, beg, consider, decide, expect, hope, invite, refuse, would like, want, wish 等。8（补充点：模拟题）eg3: When she is nervous, she does nothing but eat./ He will do anything to help you except lend you money. 2在 There be 结构中，不定式的主动和被动都可以，意义差别不大。eg: There are two sheets _. A. to wash B. b
20、e washed C. washing D. need washing3. 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Eg1: The story is difficult to understand./ This material is easy to wash./The room is comfortable to live in./The apple is nice to eat. Eg2. The bedclothes, apart from the carpet, needs _ badly; all the furniture is to be arranged properly.A. tid
21、ying B. to tidy C. tidy D. be tidied 4. 不定式的否定（not to do）和不定式的时态。(完形填空).She happened _ in the area when the sea shock happened. A: to travel B. to be traveling C. to have traveled D. to traveling 5. 充当介词的 to + doing (请大家注意与不定式: to do 区别) 常见的词组有：be/get used to, look forward to, devote to, dedicate to
22、, be committed to, preferto, stick to, get down to, pay attention to，object to, be accustomed to, adhere to 等 + doingTense Revisited (时态复习)9I: 一般现在时的用法(在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中)1在时间状语从句（通常由 when, as, as soon as, until, after, before等引导）和真实条件状语从句（通常由 if, in case, unless, provided/ providing 等引导） ，用一般现在时表示将来动作
23、。eg1: Ill discuss this with Nancy when she _ in Rome next week. A. arrives B. will arrive C. has arrived D. arriving eg2: She will be likely to go with us provided she _ the train in time. A. will catch B. catches C. has caught D. having caught II. 一般过去时与现在完成时1. 一般过去时的基本标志词：yesterday, the day before
24、 yesterday, last + 时间词， in + 年/月, on +日, 时间词+ago, used to, 2. 现在完成时的基本标志词：so far, up to now, recently, just, yet, ever, never, already, since+时间词, 3短暂性动词的完成时不能与表示延续性的时间词连用。(如：die, marry, join, buy, sell 等 )eg: Janes grandpa _ for twenty years when she was still a little girl. A. has died B. has been
25、 died C. died D. has been deadIII过去完成时1有时间的先后比较（表示过去的过去）eg: I _ my academic research paper when my supervisor came in. A. had finished B. had been finishing C. have finished D. finished 2. 与 no soonerthan, scarcelywhen, hardlywhen 等连用，先发生10的动作用过去完成时（还可以倒装）eg: He _ no sooner _ the letter_ he started
26、back home. A. had/ seen/ when B. x/saw/when C. x/saw/than D. had/ seen/ than3与“By (the time) + 过去时间”连用eg: By the end of 1997, we had already solved all the problems left in Hong Kong by the British colonizers. 4. 过去完成时用于 hope, think, intend, mean, want, expect 等动词，表示过去未曾实现的打算、希望、意图等。eg: I had though
27、t he would finish the job on time. So I wasnt worried at all. 综合练习1. Police _ the crime are looking for the missing girl. A. are investigating B. investigating C. investigates D. have investigated2. He tried to avoid _ the teachers question.A. answering B. answers C. to answer D. answer3. There _ el
28、se to we could do, we left the meeting hall. A. was nothing B. is nothing C. has nothing D. being nothing4. _ , we have to turn to one of our schoolmates, who is now a mayor. A. Being unemployed B. Because unemployed C. Unemployed D. to be unemployed5. The candidate decided to give up the election, _ for several times.
