1、第 1 页 共 19 页一、教育1. In countries where there is a high rate of unemployment, most pupils should be offered only primary education. There is no point in offering secondary education to those who have no hope of finding a job. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (08.01.26)不同意：中
2、学教育是一个重要的德育阶段，如果在这个时候中断，带来的不仅仅是失业这样的问题，还有青少年犯罪等社会问题 vital stage for moral education. If it was interrupted, numerous of social problem/headaches may create as juvenile delinquency. (正如马克吐温说：你每关闭一所学校，你就必须开设一座监狱。Every time you stop a school, you will have to build a jail ） 教育能够帮助培养个人素质；提高劳动力的素质，从而提高生产
3、效率，推动社会发展，从根本上解决失业的问题。do a favor to/be beneficial（advantageous, preferable) to personal quality, enhance/boost/promote the quality of the labor force, thereby increase production efficiency, social development, solve the problem of unemployment 从长远来看，如果受过更高的教育，则有更多的机会找到好的工作。In a long runterm, if pup
4、ils could receive better education, they may have far more opportunities to find better jobs. 教育的作用不仅仅应当局限在找工作，而是为了将来更好的发展。The function of education should be not only focused on limited in job hunting, but also for a better development. 失业的原因是综合的 comprehensive/complicated，例如经济原因：经济衰退或者不景气 economy r
5、ecession/depression，就业岗位剧减，导致市场对于劳动力的需求整体下降 a fall in the overall demand for labor;社会原因，个人原因等 2. Most countries spend much money on education, as they start to realize the importance of education. In your opinion which subject is the most important for young people and which one is the least importa
6、nt? Subjects: Literature Sports Mathematics Economy Physics History Music Geography (08.03.01)整个题目可以分为理论科目和实践科目两种：理论科目的好处：智的角度实践科目（音乐、体育）的好处：美、体、劳的角度E.g.: What does sports benefits your academic? Any sport will have a positive effect on academic performance simply because exercise is good for the br
7、ain, and teamwork and strategy that are focal to most sports are applicable as well to many academic areas. 理论科目的坏处：枯燥、单调、需要长时间的学习、结合实践时较为困难体育、音乐的坏处：需要天赋；需要大量时间和金钱的投入；就业范围小，职业生涯短3. Schoolteachers used to be the source of information, however, some people argue that teachers are not as important as b
8、efore as the increasing variety of information resources. What is your opinion? (08.04.24)和以前一样重要：（也就是说老师的重要性）学校教育更加有利于学生的道德培养，尤其对于年龄较小的学生。老师可以帮助学生建立自信心，培养能力，塑造良好的性格最终成为一个有利于社会的人。Teachers could help the students to build up confidence, shape upright character and ultimately grow a full man beneficia
9、l to the society. 通过老师的讲解，能够更加容易接受知识。By lectures, students are more easily to receive knowledge.可以根据学生的需要而改变teach students in accordance with their own characteristics and differences 学生在学校里能够参加体育锻炼，有利于身体的健康和成长 学校教育给了学生一个交流、沟通、合作的机会，有利于团队精神 team spirit、合作精神 cooperation、创新能力 innovation 的培养foster/cult
10、ivation。 其他信息途径的好处（远程教育的好处）提供了一种更为新颖有效的教育形式 an original and effective educational model；增加人们接受教育的机会 increase the opportunities of being educated;提高参与者的科技能力 develop technology competencies、拓展技术面 broaden skill set,从而提高就业机会 job opportunity。 为地处偏远和行动不便的人、工作时间不稳定的人提供了受教育的机会 those with restricted mobility
11、, such as elderly, disabled, injured, irregular work schedule. 可以同时和全国各地甚至全世界各地的人进行交流和学communicate and interact with students all over the country or even the world 文档和资料容易储存、易提取、打印和阅读 documents and materials are easily recorded, retrieved, printed and read 远程教育的缺点：缺乏和老师面对面的交流 lack of in-person cont
12、act with faculty members 很难及时接受到老师的反馈 wait for a long time before receiving feedback about assignments 不能像传统教育那样和同学之间更多地接触，没有机会提高口头交流能力和合作能力等 have no chance to enhance oral communication skills and cooperation skills 精力和注意力会被很多东西分散 many distractions at home 并不是所有的行业都承认网络教育的学历，缺乏就业认可。not all work ind
13、ustries acknowledge online degrees 4.Schools should teach children some academic subjects, which will be beneficial to their future careers. Therefore, other subjects such as music and sports are not important. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? (08.05.22)同第 2 题5.University s
14、tudents always focus on one specialist subject, but some people think universities should encourage their students to study a range of subjects in addition to their own subject. To what 第 2 页 共 19 页extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (08.06.05)学习多个科目的好处：目前很多大学都倾向于专业学习（specialized or
15、 vocational education） ，很多专业都是以就业为本（career-oriented or vocation-oriented）而最近的潮流是重新注重全面教育（general education） ，注重学生的技能，在不同学科上的应用。 很多学科是交叉的 interrelated，学习多种科目有利于了解更多的知识 widen scope of knowledge，加深对于专业科目的理解 be beneficial/advantageous/preferable to the understanding/comprehension of specialist subjects
16、毕业之后有更多的工作选择 increase employment opportunity,增加竞争力 competiveness 当求职市场竞争日趋激烈的时候，在不同专业领域涉猎、对于跨学科学习具备经验的学生有望占据一个主导地位。As the job market is becoming increasingly competitive, students who dabble in different specialized areas and have experience in interdisciplinary study are expected to be in a prepond
17、erant position 深造的时候有更多的学科选择 there are more choices when seeking for a further education. 学某些特定科目的好处：学生将更有时间把精力放在专业课的学习上 devote ones time and energy to specific subjects 节约时间 提高专业技能 increase specialized knowledge 提高职业竞争力 improve competitiveness 6.Some people think that children should obey the rules
18、 or do what their parents and teachers want them to do. Other people think that children controlled too much cannot deal with problem alone. Discuss both views and state your own opinion. (08.06.21)父母的教育方式 parenting 分为：专断型 authoritarian, 管教型authoritative，纵容型 permissive 和漠不关心型 uninvolved。大多数的专家认同和推荐管
19、教型 authoritative 这一教育模式，即父母会制定基本的规则 establish basic guidelines 让小孩去遵循，但是同时考虑到小孩的特点和要求，惩罚的时候同时注意开导孩子。父母和老师制定规则，控制孩子的行为的好处：孩子缺乏自制力和判断力 the children are lack of self-control and judging ability/capability 父母和老师能够根据自己的经验帮助孩子找到正确的发展方向take the right path to success 有助于孩子形成良好的行为习惯 form appropriate behavior
20、 patterns,改正其不好的行为习惯等 stop their misbehaviors 孩子可以吸取前人的失败教训，避免走弯路 can draw experience from the preceding failures and avoid committing the same mistakes. 父母和老师制定规则，控制孩子的行为的坏处：导致叛逆的行为 result in rebellion，甚至对父母产生憎恨 hate their parents, who apply strict rules and impose punishment 导致孩子产生逆来顺受的性格 docile o
21、bedience，不敢尝试和面对失败 afraid to try and fail,表现出不足够的自制 fail to demonstrate considerable self-regulation 抑制孩子的想像力，不利于孩子充分表现自我 deny children the opportunity to express individuality 缺乏独立性 lack of independence low self-esteem；不能独自面对和解决困难 conquer difficulties and handle different situations 孩子的兴趣和决定应当受到尊重
22、receive respect for their hobbies and decisions 给父母和老师减轻负担 lightenreduce the burden of 7.Nowadays, more university students choose to study some practical subjects (such as marketing, computer programming, etc.) instead of theoretical subjects (such as economy, math, chemistry). Some people suggest
23、that universities should focus on practical subjects, but not theoretical subjects. What is your opinion? (08.07.05)实践科目的好处：增加学生适应社会的能力：increase the capability of adapting the society 找工作的时候更加有竞争力 have more competitiveness in job huntingseeking 更快的适应新的工作：suit to the new position career more rapidly
24、实践性科目往往更加有趣，容易坚持和学习。也可以通过学习增加合作能力和交流能力， some social skills as cooperation ability 理论科目的好处：为实践科目提供理论基础和技术支持 providesupply theoretical foundation for practice 增加知识量 increase knowledge capacity 培养逻辑和思维的能力 cultivate critical thinking 更加有利于学生的深造 be beneficial to further study 8.Some teachers think it is
25、effective for students to study in-group while others think it is better to study alone. What are the benefits of each way? Which one do you think is more effective? (08.08.30)分组学习的好处：增加沟通 face to face interaction 与交流能力 communication skills 提高团队精神 team spirit, cooperation in groups;培养学生的责任感individua
26、l accountability 提高学生解决问题的能力 problem-solving ability，他们可以从各种各样的观点和经验中获益 benefit from a diversity of perspectives and experiences. 学习氛围更好: better atmosphere 监督性、竞争性: monitor and compete 适合较低阶段和较低年龄的学习:group study suits primary stage 单独学习的好处：节约时间 time-saving, 更有效率 more efficient、突出学生的个人目标 personal dis
27、tinctions，而分组学习过分强调步调一致 concerted effort 个别学生可能失去对于学习的兴趣 lose learning enjoyment，没有动力 lack motivation 培养独立思考能力: self-independent 安静、可以集中精力: quiet, be beneficial to concentration 适合高级阶段的学习 suits senior study 第 3 页 共 19 页9.Once children start school, teachers have more influence than parents on their
28、intellectual and social development. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (08.09.06)浅析：教育类的新题。目前题库中没有任何题目与之相近。然而，如果考生聪明一点，完全可以将“老师” 引申为“学校”或者“ 教育”，这样的思路就比较宽。首先看看两个概念。一是什么是 intellectual development？ Intellectual development refers to the development of ones ability to think, to understand ideas a
29、nd to acquire knowledge.二是什么是 social development？Social development refers to the acquisition and improvement of skills that are essential to social life or activities that have relevance to ones functioning in society.老师对小孩的学习能力和社会能力的影响：老师更具有专业性：老师可以制定教学方法（devise teaching methods） ，练习 （drills ） ，设计
30、功课（design assignments） ，甚至可以调整课程（revise the curriculum） ，来提高小孩的学习能力。譬如说，绘画可以提高小孩的想象能力（ability to visualize different subjects） ，精读（critical reading）可以提高小孩的归纳能力 (abilities to summarize key messages of a reading passage) ，实验课（lab experiments）可以提高小孩的观察能力（abilities to observe and detect differences） ；家长
31、一般是不可能有那么全面的知识，全方面的开发小孩的智力（foster childrens intellectual development in different aspects）老师可以通过课程和功课的安排，来提高小孩的社会能力。譬如说，体育可以增加小孩的团队精神（inject a strong sense of team spirit） ，小组作业（group assignments）可以让小孩习惯于相互帮助（join efforts/make joint-effects to deal with problems） ，参加社区活动（community activities）可以提高小孩对
32、社区的理解（have a strong sense of community）家长对小孩的学习能力和社会能力的影响：家长可以指导小孩完成作业（provide instruction） ，从而确保教育延续到家里（consistency of education between school and home environments） ；家长可以通过一些课外活动来帮助小孩提高技能，譬如说 gardening, 提高小孩的动手能力和解决问题能力（hands-on skills and problem-solving abilities）家长在小孩的社会生活中起着重要的作用；家长决定了小孩和什么人接
33、触，参加什么社会活动（social activities） ，决定了社会学习的效果(outcomes of social learning)，掌握礼仪（etiquettes）10.Students from poor background such as rural areas often find it difficult to access to university education, so people think universities should make it especially easy for them to study at. To what extent do y
34、ou agree or disagree? (08.09.27)同意：对个人来讲：农村学生和贫困学生（students from rural or deprived areas）虽然受教育的机会很低，但是不代表着他们没有天赋（aptitudes） ，知识和态度去适合大学的要求（meet entry requirements）,为贫穷学生上大学提供便利可以保证受教育机会的均等，同时，对于贫困生来说，教育意味着改变一生的机会 life-changing opportunity 大学提供的经济支持和学术支持，可以帮助学生适应城市生活和大学生活 adapt to urban life and univ
35、ersity life对于贫困地区来说：可以有助于脱贫致富 In the long run, only more students attend universities, can this poor area shake off/get rid of poverty. 对于国家和社会来说：仅仅因为经济条件而不能入学，社会就会失去一些优秀的人才（young talent） ；与此同时，因为受教育机会的不平衡（equal access to education is not guaranteed） ，贫困学生在就业方面会处于劣势（at a disadvantage） ，贫富的差距会维持。另外，文
36、化普及率的提升可以提高国民素质，和一个国家的竞争力 the improvement of educational level could greatly enhance the quality of the nation basically. Therefore, it may lead tocontribute to the nations competitiveness in the world.11.Many people use distance-learning programs (study material post, TV, Internet, etc.) to study a
37、t home, but some people think that it cannot bring the benefit as much as attending college or university. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (08.10.23)12.Memorization of information by frequent repetition (rote learning) plays a role in most education systems. Do the advantages of this method
38、 of learning outweigh its disadvantages? (08.12.06)优点：容易掌握，easy handle 普遍应用：widely use; basic way to memorize 在接受教育的初期和年龄较小的孩子中适用 缺点：效率低、浪费时间 low efficiency 局限创造力 limit creativity；枯燥 boring 不能灵活应用 could not be used vividly 容易遗忘 easy to forget，印象不深刻 could not leave a deep impression 在较高层次的学习中就不再适用了 1
39、3.Some people believe that a country benefits greatly with a high percentage of young people who go to university, while others argue that it only leads to graduate unemployment. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (08.12.13)Excessive enrollment扩招的好处：更多人接受教育，提高文化普及率 the enhancement of cultural
40、 penetration, enhance the literacy rate，增强国家的竞争力，促进社会的发展 to strengthen the countrys competitiveness, promote social development 提高了劳动力的素质，从而提高了生产效率 解决了一部分的就业问题 solve part of the employment problem 产生了跟高等教育有关的新的经济增长点和产业 Produce new industries and economic growth point related to higher education 扩招的坏
41、处：教育资源有限的情况下扩招会导致毕业生学习不到充足的知识，缺乏就业竞争力 when the educational resources are limited, excessive enrollment may create a terrible phenomenon that the students could not learn enough/adequate knowledge and are lack of 第 4 页 共 19 页competitiveness 降低高等教育的含金量 devalue the higher education 导致教育行业的不良竞争 lead to/
42、contribute to deteriorate competition *毕业就失业的原因（同失业的原因）：失业的原因是综合的 Comprehensive reasons，例如经济衰退或者不景气 recessiondepression，就业岗位剧减，导致市场对于劳动力的需求整体下降 a fall in the overall demand for labor 还可能社会原因：劳动法制约着雇主 labor/job market regulations，使其对员工的招聘特别谨慎；雇主对年轻人抱有偏见和不信任。Prejudice to young inexperienced workers 还可
43、能有个人原因：教育不够 inadequate education，没有工作经验，缺乏培训 lack of appropriate training 缺乏对于劳动力市场的清晰理解 a clear understanding of the job market 对工资和职业的期望值过高 exceedingly high occupational and wage aspirations/expectation，缺乏对于工作的耐性和雇主的忠诚度 lack of loyalty to employers 14.Students at schools and universities learn far
44、 more from lessons with teachers than from others sources (such as the Internet, television). To what extent do you agree or disagree? (09.01.15)15.More and more students choose to go to another country for their higher education. Do you think the benefits outweigh the problems associated with it? (
45、09.03.14)留学的好处：学习不同的文化，开阔视野 learn diversified cultures and expand vision 有助于语言的学习 be beneficial to language study 增强竞争力，拥有国际化的就业机会 enhance competiveness, have international job opportunity 独立性，生存能力 independence, survival skills 利用先进的教学设备和教育资源 take advantage of advanced teaching equipments and recour
46、ses 留学的坏处：想家，孤独感，无助感 homesick, feel lonely, helpless 巨大的经济压力 economic pressure 人才流失 talent drain 因为缺乏监督，可能会沾染到不好的习惯 may addict to bad habits 16.Some people think that computers and the Internet are more important for a childs education than going to school. But others believe that schools and teache
47、rs are essential for children to learn effectively. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (09.04.25)17.Some people believe that teenagers should concentrate on all school subjects. But, others believe that teenagers should focus on the subject that they are best at or that they find the most
48、 interest. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (09.05.09) 比较与第五题的区别：主体不同: unversity students VS teenagers18. Some children do not appear to have language talent, so schools should not require then learning a foreign language. What is your opinion? (09.06.20)浅析:这是一道教育类的新题. 外语学习的作文题在最近
49、两年有所增加, 是个可以注意的趋势. 支持学校强调外语学习：全球化让外语学习成为必须完成的学习任务.Language acquisition has evolved from a need to a must in a globalised world. 语言学习已经成为其他科目学习的媒介物和必需品 语言学习涉及到学生未来的交流技能，甚至需要对语言非常熟练achieve superior proficiency. 反对学校强调外语学习：强制教育可能会导致学生对语言学习的厌恶 Demanding language tasks might engender frustration among students, causing their resentment against language acquisition. 语言的学习涉及到文化，过分强调外语学习可能会让学生对于本国文化的学习缺失。 学生应当全面发展，过分强调一科可能会占用学生大部分的精力。很多科目的学习是不需要以外语为基础的，学生未必能够学以致用 apply what one has learned to practice 结论：学校应该要求学生学习外语，但是应该给予更多的灵活度Schools should require students
