1、欢迎访问大家论坛-专四专八，http:/ 大家论坛，全球最大的在线学习平台！TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important po
2、ints. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words
3、 in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.ObservationPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or fo
4、r proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A. Differences- daily life observation-casual-(1) _-defendence on memory- research observation- (2) _- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research- time sampling- systematic: e.g. fi
5、xed intervals every hour- random: fixed intervals but (3) _Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.- (4) _- definition: selection of different locations- reason: humans or animals behaviour (5) _ across circumstances- (6) _: more objective observationsC. Ways to record
6、behaviour (7) _- observation with intervention- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant- field experiment: research (8) _ over conditions- observation without intervention- purpose: describing behaviour (9) _- (10) _ : no intervention- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B
7、INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.欢迎访问大家论坛-专四专八，http:/ 大家论坛，全球最大的在线学习平台！Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be
8、given 10seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people
9、focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with
10、 great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional. B. Original.C. R
11、esolute. D. Critical.5. The interviewees suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in grea
12、t people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 sec
13、onds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the
14、 following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India. B. The Philippines.C. Egypt. D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose o
15、f the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be gi
16、ven 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.欢迎访问大家论坛-专四专八，http:/ 大家论坛，全球最大的在线学习平台！9. According to the news item, Japans economic growth in the second quarter was _ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percent B. 3.4 percentC. 4 percent D. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news
17、item cite for Japans slow economic growth?A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI use
18、d to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes
19、? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, Id been oblivious to my “water footprint“, which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 20
20、08, but it was through the “Green Blue Book“ by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.Ive installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water p
21、er day. Ive set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. Ive even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, Ive been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water Ive save
22、d with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much v
23、irtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the “Green Blue Book“ website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, w
24、ine and beer- Im using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. Im hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day.
25、 If Im serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusuall
26、y large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because theyre made from water-hogging cotton
27、.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my 欢迎访问大家论坛-专四专八，http:/ 大家论坛，全球最大的在线学习平台！friends swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strate
28、gy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, Id been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water f
29、ootprint. Its one Im trying, and thats had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit. (One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwate
30、r shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the authors feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made con
31、tribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, “.how mv
32、 own actions factored in“ meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alar
33、med by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. “My entire closet is borderline Olympic“ is an example ofA. exaggeration. B. analogy.C. understatement. D. euphemi
34、sm.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph?A. Sarcastic. B. Ironic. C. Critical. D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of “Reunion, American Style“, Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion “is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the bac
35、k of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?“Jaffes observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions arent there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with
36、those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others 欢迎访问大家论坛-专四专八，http:/ 大家论坛，全球最大的在线学习平台！enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not alw
37、ays in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involv
38、ed in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fra
39、ternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuni
40、ting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become
41、formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all
42、high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion wa
43、s held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century,most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the to
44、wn wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of a
45、lumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend t
46、o draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage “affinity reunions“ for groups of former c
47、heerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of t
48、he generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against “establishment politics.“ If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacinos study欢迎访问大家论坛-专四专八，http:/
