1、中考英语复习系列之四 动词（上）一、中考对动词的知识要求：中考对动词的考查主要集中在：1、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；2、掌握动词六种时态的基本结构，主要用法及区别（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时）3、掌握系动词 be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep 等的基本用法；4、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法；5、掌握助动词 be, do, have, shall, will 的基本用法；6、掌握情态动词 can, must, need, may 等基本
2、句型结构及主要用法；7、了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法；8、了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法；9、掌握句子主谓一致的基本原则；10、掌握动词不定式作宾语、状语的基本用法；11、了解动词不定式作主语、定语、表语的基本用法。二、动词考察点分项说明：（一）、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；1、动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成：动 词 特 征 变 化 例 词 一般动词 词尾加-s look- looks find- finds 以 s, 词尾加- watch- x, ch, sh 或 o 结尾 e
3、s watches, push- pushes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变 y 为 i再加-es fly- flies, apply- applies 2、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成： 规则动词的变化：规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成方法是相同的。动 词 特 征 变 化 例 词 一般动词 词尾加-ed look- looked, looked 以 e 结尾 词尾加-d live- lived, lived 以“辅音字母+Y”结尾 变 y 为 i，再加-ed carry-carried, carried以重读闭音节或 r 音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop-
4、 stopped, stopped 不规则动词的变化。（略）3、动词的现在分词的构成：动 词 特 征 变 化 例 词 一般动词 直接加-ing look-looking watch- watching 以e 结尾 去 e 加-ing come- coming move- moving 以重读闭音节或r 音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写该辅音字母，再加-ing swim- swimming run- running 以ie 结尾且为重读开音节 变 ie 加y 再加 ing die-dying lie-lying （二）、掌握动词六种时态的基本结构，主要用法及区别（一般现在时、一般过去时、
5、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时和现在完成时）1、一般现在时 一般现在时常用来表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作，与 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month)等连用；表示现在的事实或状态；表示主语所具有的特征，性格和能力；以及表示客观事实或普遍其理。一般现在时的构成： 一般现在时通常以动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数时，动词原形后需加-s 或-es。She likes biology very much. 她非常喜欢生物。They often go to school by bike.他们通常骑车上学。2、一般过去
6、时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去时间的副词如：yesterday, last week, two hours ago 等连用；表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作，这时可与频度副词 often, usually, always 等连用；表示过去发生的一连串动作，以及在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。一般过去时的构成：一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。We met each other on the street yesterday. 我们昨天在街上碰见了。She often went swimming last year. 她去年经常去游泳。They
7、moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper.他们把椅子搬到桌边，坐下开始吃饭。Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。3、一般将来时 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如 next month, tomorrow, in a week, soon 等连用。一般将来时的构成：（1） 一般将来时由“助动词 will/shall+动词原形”构成。其中 shall 主要用于主语是第一人称（
8、I 和 we）的疑问句中。（2） 也可以用 “be going to+动词原形”这个结构来表示根据目前迹象很有可能发生的某件事情，或是打算、计划、以及决定要做某件事情等。They will have a class meeting next Tuesday. 他们下周二将举行班会。We shall meet at the school gate. 我们将在学校大门口见。It is going to rain. 要下雨了。4、现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，常与 now, at present, at this, moment 等连用；或与 these days, this
9、week/month 等连用，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。有时还与 always, continually, forever 等词连用，表示反复出现的动作，代替一般现在时，表达说话人强烈的感情。如赞扬、不满、讨厌等。如：He is always asking such silly questions.他老是提这类愚蠢的问题。 现在进行时的构成：现在进行时由“be (am/is/are)+V-ing”构成。They are watching TV now. 他们正在看电视。The dog is enjoying his meal. 小狗正在吃饭。5、过去进行时 过去进行时的用法与现在进行时用法相同
10、，只不过参照的时间基准点不同。过去进行表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和特定的时间状语或状语从句连用。如：then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in 等。 过去进行时的构成与现在进行时类似，只不过把 be (am, is, are)变为过去式（was, were）They were watching TV at that time. 他们那会正在看电视。The dog was enjoying his meal at this time yesterday. 小狗昨天这个时候正在吃
11、饭。6、现在完成时 表示动作已经完成，但后果或影响仍在，常与 already, just, yet 等副词连用；或是表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，常与 for 或 since 引导的一段时间状语连用。 现在完成时由助动词“have/has+过去分词”构成。He has already come back.他已经回来了。He has lived here for three years.他在此住了两年了。（三）、掌握系动词 be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep 等的基本用法；常见的连系动词有：become, turn, get, gro
12、w, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, fall 等。它们后面常接形容词，构成系表结构。Please keep the classroom clean. 请保持教室的干净。The bread looks very fresh. 这些面包看上去很新鲜。（四）、了解过去将来时、过去完成时态的基本用法； 过去将来时表示从过去某一时点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时和一般将来时的构成相同，只是把 will, shall 变为过去式 would, should，把助动词 be 的过去式变为过去式 was 或 were 而已。如：They were going to h
13、ave a meeting.他们曾打算开会。过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的行为或存在的状态。与现在完成的用法相同，只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同，现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。它表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，常 by, before 引导的时间状语连用。如：By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.到爱迪生 10 岁时，他已给自己建了一个实验室。She said she had worked in that hospital f
14、or 20 years.她说她已在那所医院工作 20 年了。（五）、掌握助动词 be, do, have, shall, will 的基本用法；助动词是“辅助性”动词，一般没有词义，不能单独作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同的时态，语态，和数的变化。常见的助动词有：（1）be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) 与现在分词结合，构成各种进行时态；或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。Im looking for my pen. 我正在找我的笔。（现在进行时）These cups are made in China. 这些杯子是中国制造的。（被动语态）（2）h
15、ave (has, had, having)与过去分词结合，构成完成时。They have known each other for twenty years. 他们互相认识有二十年了。（现在完成时）He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten. 他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。（过去完成时）（3）do (does, did) 助动词 do 后只能跟动词原形，与 not 及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置于主语之前构成疑问句。He does not speak English.他不说英语。When did he com
16、e back? 他什么时候回来的？（4）will (would), shall (should) will 能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；would 是 will 的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原形。The plane will arrive in ten minutes. 飞机十分中后将要到达。 I was sure we would win.我确信用我们会赢。shall 与 should 这两个助动词本身没有词义，shall 只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；should 是 shall 的过去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原形。We shall meet
17、 at the school gate tomorrow. 我们明天将在校门口见。I told them that I should do the work alone. 我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作。三、巩固练习1. His father any washing in the morning.A. doesnt do B. doesnt C. doesnt does D. doesnt does2. I 1000 English words by the end of last term.A. have learned B. had learned C. would learn D. was
18、 learning3. How long you the bicycle?A. havebought B. havehadC. didbuy D. dobuy4. my brother knows London very well. He there many times.A. has been B. has gone C. was D. went5. The children want to know if Miss Green free tomorrow.A. is B. is going to C. will D. will be6. Listen, the music nice.A.
19、sounds B. is sounding C. is sound D. was sounding7. He early every morning from now on.A. gets up B. does get up C. does gets up D. will get up8. Our teacher told us that light faster than sound.A. travelled B. travels C. was travelled D. had travelled9. Mr. Brown is not at home. He to the library.A
20、. has gone B. has been C. had been D. had gone10. He said he would go to the cinema with us if he free.A. is B. were C. was D. will be11. Tom _ his homework after breakfast.A. dont B. doesnt C. dont do D. doesnt do12. Jenny _a letter to her mother three days ago.A. wrote B. writes C. write D. has wr
21、itten13. He _ with us yesterday morning.A. doesnt go swimming B. goes swimmingC. didnt go swimming D. went to swimming14. There _a basketball match on our school the day after tomorrow.A. will have B. will be C. is going to have D. would have15. _ you _ us a talk this afternoon?A. Are, giving B. Are
22、, given C. Will, give D. Were, going to give16. Look! Li Lei _ Jim with his Chinese.A. is helping B. has helped C. is going to help D. would help17. Dont make any noise. The baby _ .A. has slept B. is slept C. will sleep D. is sleeping18. The students of Class 3 _a football game now. Lets go and wat
23、ch.A. are having B. will have C. is having D. will be had19. How many English songs _ you _ by the end of last term?A. have, learned B. did, learn C. had, learned D. were, learned20. My mother _ breakfast while I _ my face this morning.A. cooked, was cooking B. was cooking, was washingC. was cooking
24、 D. would cook, was washing二、用下列动词的适当形式填空1. He told me that he (visit) the Summer Palace the next day.2. Who has borrowed the dictionary? I want to use it.Miss Li. She (keep) it for a week.3. The old men (die) last summer. He (die) for eight months.4. Father (cook) when I got home.5. Mr. Smith told
25、us he (show) the guests around the factory.6. In winter when your clothes (wash), it is not easy to get them dry.7. the twins (return) yet?Yes. They (have) a rest in the room now.8. It (rain) but it (stop) now.9. All the children (keep) quiet though their teacher was not there.10. The boy (read) a s
26、tory book now.四、巩固练习参考答案（一）单项选择1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. D6. A 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C11. D 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C16. A 17.D 18. A 19. C 20. B （二）、用下列动词的适当形式填空1. would visit2. has kept3. died, has been dead4. was cooking5. would show 或者 had shown6. are washed7. Havereturned; are having8. rainedhas stopped9. kept10. is reading
