1、名词考点讲解和训练【考点直击】1可数名词和不可数名词的用法； 2名词所有格的构成及用法；3近义名词的辨析。【历年考点归纳】名词是英语中一种重要的实词,同时也是每年中考英语试题考查的一个热点 (备选项下面划横线的为正确答案) 一 对可数名词与不可数名词的考查 1. How many _are there in the international village? A. Chinese B. Russian C. American(汕头市) 2. The restaurant is so popular here. Look, there are so many_ here. A. food B.
2、 dish C. people D. waiter(徐州市) 3. Can I help you? Id like_ for my twin daughters. A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes(滨州市) 4. Mrs Jenny gives us_ on how to learn English well. A. some advices B. many advices C. some advice D. an advice(天津市) 5. Are ther
3、e any_on the farm? Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep(吉林省) 考点归纳 这类试题要求考生区分可数名词与不可数名词以及修饰可数名词与不可数名词的常用词语,并掌握将可数名词由单数形式变为复数形式的基本方法,还要熟记 dear, sheep, Chinese, Japanese 等单复数形式相同的名词,以及一些不规则名词的单复数形式,如 manmen, womanwomen, childchildren, policemanpolicemen, mousemice, footfeet, tootht
4、eeth, stomachstomachs 等 二 对名词所有格的考查 1. The computer on the desk is_. A. twins B. the twins C. the twins D. the twins(孝感市) 2. Mrs Black is a friend of_. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers(资阳市) 3. It is over_ from Shijiazhuang to Beijing. A. three hours drive B. three
5、hours drive C. three hours drives D. three hours drive(河北省) 4. Today is September 10th. It is_Day. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the teachers D. Teachers(常德市) 5. Do you know the woman over there? Yes. Shes_aunt. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys(济南市) 6. After playi
6、ng football for more than half an hour, the students took_ rest. A. a few minutes B. a few minutes C. a little minutes D. a little minutes(天津市) 考点归纳 这类试题主要考查名词所有格的构成及其用法名词的所有格一般在词尾加“s”,这种形式的所有格主要用于有生命的名词以及表示时间距离等名词的后面注意:如果名词本身以表示复数意义的 s结尾,构成所有格时直接在词尾加上“”即可另外,注意“As and Bs”型名词短语所有格表示两者分别拥有某物,而“A and B
7、s”型名词短语所有格表示两者共同拥有某物 三 对名词作定语的考查 1. There are three_ assistants in that_ shop. A. women; shoe B. woman; shoe C. woman; shoes D. women; shoes(孝感市) 2. Where are the_? They are playing_ football on the playground. A. boys students; the B. boy students; the C. boy students; D. boy student; (乌鲁木齐市) 3. Bi
8、ll said they would have_ holiday. A. a two-month B. two-months C. two-monthes D. two-months(天津市) 考点归纳 一般情况下,名词作定语修饰主体名词时,常用单数形式;主体名词为复数形式时,作定语用的名词一般用单数形式,如 boy friends但以 man, woman 等名词作定语修饰主体名词时,若主体名词为复数形式, man 和 woman 也要变为复数形式,如 men doctors由“基数词 + 连词符号 + 名词”或“基数词 + 连词符号 + 名词+ 连词符号 + 形容词”构成的复合词作定语修饰
9、主体名词时,复合词中的名词只能用单数形式 四 对易混名词的考查 1. At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the_ of the running water. A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound(天津市) 2. Beth has a beautiful_. Listen! She is singing very well. A. voice B. look C. sound D. smell(杭州市) 3. What happened to you this morning? The teac
10、her asked me for my_ when I was late again. A. meaning B. idea C. excuse D. answer(武汉市) 4. Oh, there isnt enough_ for us in the lift. No hurry. Lets wait for the next. A. floor B. ground C. room D. place(黄冈市) 5. Tom regards Nanjing as his second_ because he has been here for over ten years. A. famil
11、y B. room C. house D. home(南京市) 6. Football is a popular_around the world. A. match B. goal C. game D. play(安徽省) 7. Excuse me, waiter. Were leaving. Can you bring me the_, please? A. money B. note C. bill D. list(杭州市) 考点归纳 这类试题主要考查一些语义相近而极易混淆的名词考生在平时要注意积累掌握一些常见易混名词的用法区别,如: family, home, room, house;
12、 problem, question; match, game; note, bill; door, gate, entrance 等 五 对名词所表示的相关意义的考查 1. Once upon a time we Chinese made the first kite. People used kites to send_ to other places, because they didnt have telephones, computers, or even radios. A. languages B. newspapers C. messages D. magazines(临沂市)
13、 2. Heilongjiang is in the_of China. A. northeast B. northeastern C. northwest D. northwestern(天津市) 3. Lao She is the_of Tea House(茶馆). A. doctor B. actor C. scientist D. writer(陕西省) 4. I want to go to different places, but I dont know the_. A map is helpful, I think. A. price B. way C. time D. tick
14、et(江西省) 5. Thomas Edison never gave up. During his lifetime, he had 1,093_. A. instructions B. competitions C. inventions D. injections(盐城市) 6. The TV_ on Channel Five are about sports. A. experiences B. performances C. programs D. problems(天津市) 7. Please give me a_ when you get to Beijing. All righ
15、t. Ill tell you everything when I get there. A. newspaper B. ticket C. present D. ring(宁波市) 考点归纳 这类试题常常涉及其他学科的知识和日常生活常识,主要考查考生的综合素质只要考生能读懂句意,把握语境,一般不难作出正确的选择 六 对含有名词的固定短语的考查 1. Sorry, Jane. I took your school bag by_. It doesnt matter. A. hand B. mistake C. bike D. heart(盐城市) 2. Brian is so kind tha
16、t he often gives me a_ when Im in trouble. A. reply B. seat C. hand D. reason(安徽省) 3. There will be many kinds of shoes_ this Sunday. Ill go and buy a pair for my daughter. A. on duty B. on show C. on business D. on watch(南宁市) 4. We should have_ in ourselves and we will make it if we have a try. A.
17、success B. confidence C. progress D. knowledge(大连市) 考点归纳 这类试题主要考查考生对一些含有名词的固定短语的构成和意义的掌握情况,这就要求考生在日常的学习中熟记一些固定短语的结构和意义,如: by mistake“错误地”; on show“展览”; on business“因公”; on duty“值班”; give sb a hand“帮助某人”; have confidence in oneself“相信自己”; after a while“过一会儿”; in the end“最后”; make room for“给腾出空间“; mak
18、e faces”做鬼脸“等 【名师点睛】一、名词的数 1单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys。（2） 以 s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：busbuses，classclasses，boxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。 （3）以 ce, se, ze,（d）ge 结尾的名词加 s，例如：orangeoranges。（4）以辅音母加 y结
19、尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加 y结尾的名词的复数形式只加 s，如：boyboys, daydays。（5）以 o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos。（6） 以 f或 fe结尾的词，多数变 f为 v再加-
20、es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves, halfhalves。复数词尾 s（或 es）的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾 s（或 es）的读音方法情 况 读法 例 词 在ptkf等清辅音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在szt F等音后 iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在bd v等浊辅音后 z beds, dogs, cities, knives （7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousem
21、ice。【注意】与 man和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但 German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers， women teachers。有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish 等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police 等。（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一
22、般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：ten-minutes walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths游戏名称：bowls专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls其他名词：news, falls2不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“
23、量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass？I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice（2）用 a piece of 这类定语，例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a b
24、ottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可数名词也可用 a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。二、名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是
25、s，例如：a students room, students rooms, fathers shoes。2. 如其结尾不是 s的复数形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s，例如：a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，a boats length，two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用 of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of ou
26、r country, the color of the flowers。5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表示“分别有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Toms and Marys bikes（两人各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Marys mother（即 Tom与 Mary是兄妹）。【实例解析】1.（上海徐汇区中考试题）These _ have save
27、d many childrens lives.A. woman doctors B. women doctorC. women doctors D. woman doctor答案：C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。2. (河北省中考试题)This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and JanesC. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes答案：D。该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时，只
28、在后面的名词后加s。3. (吉林省中考试题)-Are there any _ on the farm?-Yes, there are some.A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep答案：D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断，主语应该是复数名词。只有 sheep可用作复数名词。4. (佛山市中考试题)-What would you like to drink, _ or orange?-Orange, please.A. hamburger B. chip C. tea答案：C。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有 tea能喝。【中考演练】一
29、. 单项填空1- Where have you been, Tim?- Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try
30、_ .A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ?- Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear
31、6There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears7In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name8The are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans9The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. bo
32、ys; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children B. women and childC. woman and chil
33、d D. women and children13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day15Where are the students? Are the
34、y in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。1. Weve got a lot of new _(杂志) in our school library.2. Please turn to another _（频道）, I dont like this show.3. Yesterday the _(航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather.4. Autumn is my favourite (季节)
35、 5. -How many _(小刀) do you have?-Three.6. _ are widely used in the modern world. 7. June 1st is _(儿童) Day.8. Mary, would you please tell me your new _(地址) so that I can write to you.9. -Does this piece of _(音乐) sound nice?-Yes. Its wonderful!10. May 12th is the International _(护士) Day. Lets say “ Th
36、anks” to them for their work.三. 根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。1. “Whats your n_?”“Li Lei.”2. How many d_ does your uncle have?3. Please close the w_. Its cold outside.4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p_.5. A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world.6. Zhang Hui is very ex
37、cited. He will go to Japan with his p_ during the Spring Festival. 7. At the a_ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.8. Its only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.9. Health is more important to me than m_.10. Be careful! Its d_ to run across the street now.【练习答案】一1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 二1.magazines 2.Channel 3. flight 4.season 5. knives 6. Computers 7. Childrens 8. address 9. music 10. Nurses三1.name 2.daughters 3. window 4. pronunciation 5. inventions 6.parents 7. age 8. hours 9. money 10. dangerous
