1、伦敦 20 国峰会英国首相布朗记者招待会Prime Minister:Can I welcome you to this conference following our G20 summit? This is the day that the world came together to fight back against the global recession, not with words but with a plan for global recovery and for reform and with a clear timetable for its delivery. An
2、d our message today is clear and certain: we believe that in this new global age our prosperity is indivisible. We believe that global problems require global solutions. We believe that for growth to be sustained it must be shared and that trade must once again become an engine of growth.The old Was
3、hington consensus is over. Today we have reached a new consensus - that we take global action together to deal with the problems we face; that we will do what is necessary to restore growth and jobs; that we will take essential action to rebuild confidence and trust in our financial system, and to p
4、revent a crisis such as this ever happening again.There are no quick fixes, but with the six pledges that we make today we can shorten the recession and we can save jobs.First of all, for the first time we have come together to set principles to reform the global banking system. This is a comprehens
5、ive programme of measures that includes for the first time bringing the shadow banking system, including hedge funds, within the global regulatory net. We have agreed that international accounting standards will have to be set. We will regulate credit rating agencies in order to remove their conflic
6、ts of interest. We have agreed that there will be an end to tax havens that do not transfer information on request. The banking secrecy of the past must come to an end. The Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development are this afternoon publishing a list of tax havens that are non compliant
7、and where action must immediately be taken and we have agreed tough standards and sanctions for use against those who dont come into line in the future.We will create a new financial stability board to ensure cooperation across frontiers, to spot risks to the economy and together with the Internatio
8、nal Monetary Fund provide the early warning mechanism that this new global economy needs.We will complete the implementation of international colleges of supervisors of financial institutions and we will implement new rules on pay and bonuses at a global level that reflect actual performance with no
9、 more rewards for failure. We want to encourage corporate responsibility in every part of the world.Secondly, we will clean up the banks so that they increase lending to families and businesses and to enable this weve agreed for the first time a common global approach to how we deal with impaired or
10、 toxic assets.Third, weve agreed to do what it takes to restore global growth and hasten recovery. Since our last meeting in Washington and as part of this process from Washington, G20 countries have announced and are now implementing the largest macroeconomic stimulus the world has even seen. We ar
11、e in the middle of an unprecedented fiscal expansion which will by the end of next year amount to an injection of $5 trillion into our economies and it will save or create millions of jobs in a period where we must combat unemployment.In addition to the dramatic interest rate cuts, our central banks
12、 have pledged to maintain expansionary policies as we state in the communiqu, expansionary policies as long as they are needed, using the full range of options available to them.We have also agreed today additional resources of $1 trillion that are available to the world economy through the Internat
13、ional Monetary Fund and other institutions. This includes $250 billion from special drawing rights, the reserve currency of the IMF, drawing rights that will be issued to countries who are part of the International Monetary Fund. This is available to all IMF members. And at the same time we will tre
14、ble the resources of the International Monetary Fund itself with up to an additional $500 billion.Together these actions give us confidence that the global economy can return to trend growth even faster than the International Monetary Fund is now predicting. And we have today called on the Internati
15、onal Monetary Fund to monitor our progress towards this objective and to report on whatever further actions may be necessary.Fourth, alongside these extra resources we will ask the international institutions to strengthen their independent surveillance of the world economy and to promote growth and
16、the reduction of poverty. We are agreed that the mandates of these institutions that were created in 1945 must now be reformed to make them more accountable, more representative and more effective, and this includes giving emerging markets and developing countries greater voice and greater represent
17、ation. And we will also enable the heads and senior staff of these institutions to be appointed on merit.Fifth, we are going to act decisively to kick start international trade. Trade is the crucial driver of growth in the global economy. We are agreed to work urgently with leaders discussing, meeti
18、ng and preparing for a conclusion to the Doha trade round and this has the potential to boost the global economy substantially.To address what is a huge shortfall in finance for trade 90% of all trade depends on this finance we have today agreed to make available not the $100 billion which was origi
19、nally called for, but $250 billion of trade finance. This will be provided over the next two years through our export, credit and investment agencies and through the multilateral development banks, and this will include $50 billion through the new World Bank programme that is being established.We wi
20、ll act also to make our global recovery fair and more sustainable. This time of financial crisis is no time to walk away from our commitment to the worlds poorest. So when people are suffering and yet it is within our capacity to help we will not pass by on the other side. We remain firmly committed
21、 to meeting our Millennium Development Goals and our pledges on aid. And to deal with this crisis for the poorest countries, we have asked the International Monetary Fund to bring forward proposals to use the proceeds of agreed sales of gold to support low-income countries. And so, in total, we have
22、 reached agreements worth $50 billion for the poorest countries alongside our support for a World Bank vulnerability fund.In mobilising the worlds economies to fight back against recession we are resolved to seize the opportunity of our fiscal stimulus programmes, to promote low carbon growth, and t
23、o create the green jobs on which our future prosperity depends. And we have committed to building on this by working together to seek agreement on a post 2012 climate change regime at the UN conference in Copenhagen in December. And we have asked our finance ministers to complete the reforms of the
24、regulatory system and we will meet again as G20 leaders later this year to take stock of progress.When the Wall Street Crash happened in 1929 it took 15 years for the world to come together to rebuild and renew our economies. This time, I think people will agree that it is different. We will not hes
25、itate, as long as people are losing their jobs and their homes, to make what difference we can by improving their prosperity.Todays decisions of course will not immediately solve the crisis, but we have begun the process by which it will be solved. A few years ago meetings such as this could not hav
26、e happened with so many different countries from diverse continents involved; far less could there have been an agreement amongst them. But today the largest countries of the world have agreed a global plan for recovery and reform. This involves the biggest interest rate cuts in history, the biggest
27、 fiscal stimulus we have ever seen, the biggest increase in resources in the history of our international institutions, with $250 billion, more money than ever before, for trade finance as well. For the first time we have a common approach around the world to cleaning up banks balance sheets and res
28、toring lending. We are engaging in a deep process of reform and restructuring of our international financial system for now and for the future and we have maintained our commitment to help the worlds poorest and we have put more money aside for that and also for a green recovery. These are not just
29、a single collection of actions. This is collective action, people working together at their best.I think a new world order is emerging and with it the foundations of a new and progressive era of international cooperation. We have resolved that from today we will together manage the process of global
30、isation to secure responsibility from all and fairness to all and weve agreed that in doing so we will build a more sustainable and more open and a fairer global society.Thank you very much. I am very happy to answer questions on the communiqu.Question:Prime Minister, what do you say to an analysis
31、that although you and Barack Obama have been centre stage in this that perhaps for your own electorates theres maybe the least in this package comparatively? I mean, what are British voters going to get out of this agreement?Prime Minister:Well, our priority right through this Summit has been the jo
32、bs, the homes, the businesses of hard working families in this country and, indeed, in every country. And we know that if you take action in one country it can make some difference, but if countries act together they can make a major difference. Indeed, some people say that if we act together with o
33、ther countries the benefit of the actions taken are twice as much as if simply acting on your own. And the agreement we have today to push money into the international economy so that it can restore economic activity quickly and trade and commerce around the world is a very significant step towards
34、recovery.Confidence, first of all, because we are sorting out the problems of the banking system, and not just at a national level but at a global level to deal with global financial flows. Confidence also for the British people and for people around the world because we are rebuilding the internati
35、onal financial system so that it serves the people rather than, as on occasion it has, served itself. And confidence that with this injection of new money into the world economy that we can make a difference to the level of trade, therefore the number of businesses that can expand or stay in being o
36、r invest for the future. And I believe that the combination of our measures, but most of all the unity that exists around the world to tackle this recession, means that people in our own countries can have far more confidence in both the financial system and in our hopes for recovery.So our first th
37、oughts are those people who are worried about their jobs and their homes and our businesses and the measures we are taking together are designed to improve not only the chances of people getting jobs but to help people stay in their jobs.Question:Prime Minister, a large amount of money is being devo
38、ted to the IMF. How much of that is new money and how much of it is coming from China? And if the Chinese contribution is going to be substantial, what implication is that going to have for Chinese voting rights on the IMF? Thank you.Prime Minister:Well, I have to tell you that China has contributed
39、 $40 billion. The European Union has contributed $100 billion and, of course, Japan has contributed $100 billion. There is agreement from other countries that they will contribute to the new agreements to borrow. That will be launched in the next few weeks. The crisis facility is doubled in size, th
40、e new agreement to borrow will be worth $500 billion, then on top of that the IMF is issuing its special drawing right, which is providing liquidity to the world economy and every country will be awarded, on the basis of their representation and quota at the IMF, these drawing rights so that we can
41、provide more liquidity for the world economy.Now, in addition to that, we are putting $200 billion into trade so that we can keep moving the trade of the world forward. And the biggest problem that many companies have is getting trade finance and that is a problem were addressing today.China and oth
42、er countries are right to say that the representation and the quotas at the International Monetary Fund have to be changed to meet new times. We have set a timetable for doing that, but as you can see, the contributors to what we are doing to stimulate the world economy include many, many countries
43、around the world.Question: Prime Minister, can you confirm that the $1 trillion that you have announced is not an economic stimulus, its loans and guarantees, because you could not agree a fiscal stimulus in the future at this summit? And what difference will that $1 trillion stimulus make to people
44、 who are worried about their jobs and their homes?Prime Minister:Well, Im pleased you asked that question because it allows me to say that the issues that people thought divided us did not divide us at all. There was substantial agreement on the need for us to do whatever is necessary to return to g
45、rowth. You will see that reflected in the strength of the communiqu. We are in the middle of a fiscal stimulus, with announcements coming every day from different countries, that is worth about $5 trillion, but we also agreed wed increase the amount of money available to the international economy by
46、 up to $1 trillion as a result of these different actions were taking.This is new money provided by the European Union, provided by Japan, provided by China and to be provided by other countries. This is money that is generated through the International Monetary Fund issuing its own special drawing
47、rights, and the trade credits that were bringing together are trade credits that come from export credit agencies and from private companies as well as public companies so that we can have a boost to world trade. So I would say to you this: we will do whatever is necessary to come through this diffi
48、cult time. Thats why weve agreed to meet again later this year. The level of the fiscal stimulus is $5 trillion by the end of next year, so it is major and accepted by all countries as necessary. We actually say in the communiqu that it is necessary to do this to prevent the recession getting worse.
49、 But at the same time we have managed to mobilise international resources that mean that in the combination of interest-rate cuts, the fiscal stimulus, the quantitative easing of the central banks and now this international injection of resources means that we can move forward our economies much faster.This is an example of the world actually working together. Its an example of us using international institutions to make a difference to the prospects for recovery and this is in addition to and not an
