1、用心 爱心 专心 1新目标英语八年级下册知识要点Unit 2 What should I do?重点语法：过去将来时态（将来时态的委婉说法）do/does 的过去将来时态形式：(should/would) dodo/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态：(should/would) be done过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.否定句例句：You shouldnt write a letter to him.一般疑问句例句：Should I write a letter to him?特殊疑问句例句：What
2、 should I do?重点短语：keep sb. out 不让某人进入Whats wrong? = Whats the matter? = Whats the problem? 怎么了？out of style 不时髦的；过时的call sb. up 给某人打电话pay for sth. 为某事付款part-time job 兼职工作the same as = be same (to/with) 与同样in style 时髦的；流行的get on well with sb. = get along well with sb. 与某人相处（好）didnt = did notcouldnt =
3、 could notas . as possible 尽可能(eg/ as soon as possible 尽快)all kinds of 各种；许多on the one hand 一方面on the other hand 另一方面ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事ask sb. not to do sth. 请求某人不要做某事spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) in doing sth. 花钱做某事sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花钱为了某事take sb. sometime t
4、o do sth. 花某人时间做某事find out 查明find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事be angry with sb. 生某人的气be angry at sth. 生某事的气the same age as = as old as 与某人年龄一样have fight with sb. 与某人打架learn to do sth. 学会做某事not . until . 直到才compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)与某事(B)作比较its time for sth. = its time to do sth. 到该做某事的时间了maybe a
5、dv. 或许may be （情态动词 + 动词原形）可能是shall should 情态动词 shall 的原形和过去式pay paid paid 动词 pay 的原形、过去式和过去分词用心 爱心 专心 2Reading Strategy(阅读方法)You will learn to use new words better if you use a learners dictionary. (时刻学着应用新单词来学习比时刻使用字典这种途径方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situati
6、on you want. (在某些你需要的场合下，一本双语字典有时会给你错误的解释。)Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?重点语法：过去进行时态do/does 的过去进行时态形式：(was/were) doingdo/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态：(was/were) being done过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.否定句例句：I wasnt walking down the street when a UF
7、O landed.一般疑问句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?特殊疑问句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?动词 when 和 while 的选择：when 后加瞬间动词，while 后加延续性动词。例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.感叹句结构：(1) How + adj. +
8、 the + 主语 + 谓语动词=(2) What + (a/an) + adj. + n. + 主语 + 谓语动词例句：What a beautiful flower it is!=How beautiful the flower is!What beautiful flowers they are!=How beautiful the flowers are!重点短语：get out 出去；离开take off 起飞run away 逃跑；跑掉come in 进来hear about = hear of 听说take place 发生as . as 像一样(eg/ as old as hi
9、m 像他一样老)anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方think about 考虑think of 认为get up = get out of the bed 起床at the doctors 在诊所every day 每一天everyday adj. 日常的most adj. 大部分the most 最多的in space 在太空中national hero 民族英雄all over the world = in the world 全世界用心 爱心 专心 3Reading Strategy(阅读方法)The title can be help
10、ful for you to understand a text. (一篇文章的标题可以帮助你理解整篇文章。)Its also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read. (在阅读整篇文章之前，阅读每段的第一句话也是一个很有效的方法。)Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.重点语法：宾语从句结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语)例句：-Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句)-He
11、 says Im good at English.注意：主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。例句：He says Im good at English now.He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.He said I was good at English now yesterday.宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。例句：Our teacher s
12、ays 24 hours make a day.Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。例句：She said helping others changed her life.重点短语：direct speech 直接引语reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语first of all = at first 首先pass on 传递be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事be good at = do well in 在
13、某方面做得好in good health 身体健康get over 克服open up 打开care for = take care of = look after 照料；照顾not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再have a cold 感冒end-of-year exam 年终考试get nervous 变得紧张forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（该事未做）forget doing sth. 忘记做某事（该事已做）its + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说（加形容词）context 上下文
14、Reading Strategy(阅读方法)First read for meaning, not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from the context. (至于不懂的单词，你可以通过上下文来寻找它的正确释义。)Unit 5 If you go to the party, youll have a great time!重点语法：if 引导的条件状语从句结构：主句 + if + 条件状语从句if + 条件状语从句 + (comma)
15、 + 主句用心 爱心 专心 4注意：在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，主句应用将来时态，状语从句用一般现在时态。例句：Youll have a great time if you go to the party.=If you go to the party, youll have a great time.重点短语：take away 拿走around the world = all over the world 在世界各地make a living 谋生all the time = always 一直Whats the problem? = Whats the matter? = Whats
16、 wrong? 怎么了？in order to do sth. 为了做某事make sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事（to 省略，该结构是一个不带 to 的不定式。）make sb. adj. 使得某人（加形容词）make sb. done 使得某人被做be famous for 为而出名be famous as 作为而出名in class 在课堂上spend .(time/money) on sth. = spend .(time/money) in doing sth. 花（时间/钱）用于做某事see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事（强调整个过程）see sb. doing
17、sth. 看见某人做某事（强调偶然性）say said said 动词 say 的原形、过去式和过去分词tell told told 动词 tell 的原形、过去式和过去分词eat ate eaten 动词 eat 的原形、过去式和过去分词speak spoke spoken 动词 speak 的原形、过去式和过去分词Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?重点语法：现在完成进行时态do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式：have/has been doingdo/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态：have/has been bei
18、ng done现在完成进行时态所应用的场合：某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做过去发生的动作对现在造成影响例：我已上了三年初中。I have been in Junior School for 3 years.自从那次他与我谈过心后，我天天都在进步。I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.否定句例句：I havent been skating for five hours.一般疑问句例
19、句：Have you been skating for five hours?特殊疑问句例句：How long have you been skating?注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用。例句：你借这本书已经多长时间了？How long have you been keeping this book?重点短语：run out of 用完；用尽by the way 顺便说说be interested in doing sth. 对某事感兴趣more than 比多用心 爱心 专心 5far away 在远处would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = fe
20、el like doing sth. 想要做某事send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物赠送给某人in fact 实际上room 房间（用于可数名词）；空间（用于不可数名词）common more common the most common 形容词 common 的原级、比较级和最高级Reading Strategy(阅读方法)Let your eyes “scan“ the text quickly to find details that youre looking for. (在阅读文章之前，用眼睛“横扫”整篇文章，快速寻找你需要的文章要点。)You c
21、an find information quickly without reading the whole text. (这样你就不用细读整篇文章，就能寻找到你需要的一些信息。)Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?重点语法：mind ones doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事重点短语：not at all 一点也不turn down 调节使音量变小right away = in a minute = at once 立刻；马上wait in line 排队等候cut in line 插队等候hasnt = has notkeep .
22、 down 压低声音；使缓和at first = first of all 首先take care 当心；小心take care of = care about = look after 关心；照顾break the rule 违规obey the rule 遵守规定put out 熄灭pick sth. up 捡起某物wait for sb. 等候某人depend on 依赖；依靠get back = return 要回mean meant meant 动词 mean 的原形、过去式和过去分词Reading Strategy(阅读方法)As we read, we need to find
23、“topic sentences“.(在我们阅读的时候，我们需要寻找“主题语句”，也就是和文章中心最相关的语句。) These sentences usually gives us a “summary“, or overall meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(这些语句通常会给我们一些文章的“概要”，或者每个文段的全部意思，来帮助我们理解段落大意。) After the topic sentence comes more detail and explanation.(当
24、“主题语句”出现后，该段的一些解释和细节也就会随之出现。)Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf?重点语法：询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事why dont you do sth. = why not do sth.例句：Why dont you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera?what about = how about例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls?重点短语：fall asleep 入睡give away 赠送
25、；分发hear of = hear about 听说take an interest in = be interested in 对感兴趣用心 爱心 专心 6make friends with 与交友make progress 取得进步keep kept kept 动词 keep 的原形、过去式和过去分词feed fed fed 动词 feed 的原形、过去式和过去分词fall fell fallen 动词 fall 的原形、过去式和过去分词hear heard heard 动词 hear 的原形、过去式和过去分词Reading Strategy(阅读方法)To understand the
26、important ideas from the text, we must “summarize“.(为了了解文段最主要的意图，我们必须要进行总结。) Do this by answering “who, what, where, why“ questions as you read.(在阅读时，常注意回答时间、地点、人物这些基本要素问题，达到总结的目的。)Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement?重点语法：现在完成时态do/does 的现在完成时态形式：(have/has) donedo/does 的现在完成时态的被动语态：(have/has) b
27、een done现在完成时态主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。例句：我去年去过美国，那是我第一次出国。I have ever been to America. Its the first time for me to go abroad.重点短语：have a great time = have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴on board 在船上end up doing sth. 结束做某事all year round = all over the year 终年understand understood understood 动词
28、 understand 的原形、过去式和过去分词Reading Strategy(阅读方法)After reading, write down three or more things you have learned. (在阅读整篇文章之后，把你学到的三样或更多事物写下来。)We always remember things better if we take time to reflect. (如果我们花时间去思考一些问题的话，那么我们就能更容易地记住一些事情。)Unit 10 Its a nice day, isnt it?重点语法：反意疑问句反意疑问句由肯定陈述句加否定问句构成，或者由
29、否定陈述句加肯定问句构成。例句：Hes a student, isnt he?Shes not his mother, is she?回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实来回答。若事实是肯定的，则必须用 yes 回答。若事实是否定的，则必须用 no 回答。例句：你还没有准备好，对吧？Youre not ready, are you?是的，我没有准备好。No, Im not.不，我准备好了。Yes, I am.重点短语：look through 浏览come along 出现；发生get along 相处at least 至少at most 至多a thank-you note 感谢信forget forgot forgotten 动词 forget 的原形、过去式和过去分词用心 爱心 专心 7little less least 形容词 little 的原级、比较级和最高级many/much more most 形容词 many/much 的原级、比较级和最高级
