1、地图题写作在很多书上都没有系统的指导，它有别于数据图，构思方面没有数据图那么复杂，但在语言驾驭，很多学生都感到很陌生。怎么写地图题，将在下文中一一来解构。地图题分两种，一种为地理变迁题，一种为选址题。首先我们来看地理变迁题，它描述的是一个地方（多为一个城镇）在一段时间的发展变化。如 2006 年 9 月 A 类 TASK 1， 剑 1TEST 4。就这些图形，我们来总结地理变迁题的写作要点。时态如果地图题反映的是一个地方在过去的一段时间的变化，文章用一般过去时。如果地图题反映的是一个地方在将来一段时间的变化趋势，文章用一般将来时或表“估计”的词汇。如果地图题反映的是一个地方从过去到现在的变化，
2、可用现完成时。如：现在停车场改成了一个剧院。The car park has been removed and replaced by a theatre.城镇 A 的家庭数量从 1937 年到 2020 年将翻一番。The number of homes in Town A is likely to double(is likely to= is predicted to /is estimated to/is projected to/is expected to )又可为：It is likely that the number of homes in Town A will doubl
3、e.(it is likely that = it is predicted/estimated/projected/ expected that.)细节变化地图每个细节变化都要提到，不要忽视一个细节语态地图题用被动语态如： 2000 年在城镇 A 新建了一个医院： A new hospital was established in Town A in 2000.地图题的书写顺序：时间顺序和空间顺序如 2006 年 9 月 A 类 TASK 1The map shows the development of the village of Kelsbey between 1780 and 200
4、0.这篇文章大体框架按时间顺序，BODY 分三段分别描述：1780 年村庄，1860 村庄， 2000年村庄。对每一年的描述，如 1780 年村庄，我们要注意按方位顺序来描述，否则文章会出现混乱。这就需要考生在考前对方位词进行总结。地图题的方位我们说东西南北，不说成左右。A 在 B 的东方/西方/南方/北方A is/ lies/ is located/ is situated in/on / to the east/west/south/north of B(in 表 A 在 B 内部， ON 表 A 和 B 接壤，TO 表 A 和 B 分开)A 在 B 内部的某个部位A is in the
5、eastern/ southern/ western/ northern part of B.A 在 B 西北部的 120 千米处A lies 120 km to the northwest of B.A 在 B.角落A is at/in the south-eastern corner of B ( at 表示 A 在 B 外部， in 表 A 在 B 内部)在河流或道路的南边/北边等On the south/southern side of the riverOn both sides of the roadOn the other side临近马路的地区 The area adjacen
6、t to/ near /next to/ just off the road在道路或河流的最南端 At the southern end of the riverA 在 B 的对面 A is on the opposite side of B/ A is opposite BA 在 B 东部的边界上（A 在 B 外部）A is on the eastern border of BA 在 B 东部边缘上 （A 在 B 内部）A is on/ along the eastern edge of B“变化”词汇地图题描述的是一个地区的变化，那么“变化”词汇必须过关。分析发现，变化包括两种：图形原有事
7、物的改变，图形新添事物。我们先看图形原有事物的改变：原有事物可说成： The original/previous/former garden原有事物尺寸上变大/变小： The size of the library has been enlarged/extended/halved/reduced by half原有事物在数量上增多或减少：The number of homes has increased/risen/grown/reduced /decreased/dropped/fallen/doubled/ tripled/ quadrupled to 500.原有事物没了：The fa
8、rms completely disappeared/were removed.原有事物被改为：A becomes BA is transformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/converted/changed/turned over to/ into BA is replaced /substituted by B = A gives way to B图形新添事物A newly-built roadA new car park was built/established/set up/constructed/completed and opened in the
9、middle of BA new IT centre has been added to the libraryThe year 2000 saw two additions to the land: a pond in the northern part and a vegetable garden on the opposite side.地图题第二类为选址题 如剑 5 TEST 3 TASK 1The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket. 为一个城镇的超市选址， 有两个位置 S1 和 S2 供选择。选址题并不难写，主要注意两点
10、：位置描述优缺点这篇文章我们 BODY 段可分两段，分别陈述：S1 的位置及位置相应的优缺点S2 的位置及位置相应的优缺点其中表位置的方位词已在前文有总结，同理， 2006 年 2 月 A 类 Task 1: The diagram below shows the problem of flooding in a UK town and two possible solutions我们 BODY 段可分两段，分别陈述：Solution 1 的解决方案和相应的优缺点Solution 2 的解决方案和相应的优缺点其中，解决方案实际还是要涉及一些方位词。总之，对于地理变迁题，建议考生考前要充分的掌握
11、上述五点，勤加练习，选址题则把握位置和优缺点两个要害，地图题的写作就会明朗化。地图题在雅思小作文写作中可以说考的频次非常低，顶多一年一次而已。尽管如此，我们也不能忘了这方面写作的准备,否则你会觉得它很难而在雅思实际考试中乱了阵脚。小编对此就有血的教训。备考时忽视了地图题，结果考试的时候就碰上了。其实,地图题写作并没有你想象的那么难啦。请问，你在生活中有没有“选房”或“选校”的经历呢？有没有想过你“家乡近些年发生的变化”呢？大家都有吧！顺此，我就要再问你了，若有两处房子或两所学校供你选择的话你会考虑哪些因素进行比对呢？你家乡从过去到现在到底发生了哪些具体的变化呢？好好想想吧。一通百通，如你对此相
12、通了，雅思地图题的解题思路也就有了、通了！纵观历次雅思地图题写作，我们不难发现无非就是“两位置方案的二选一”或“某处事物新旧变迁的过程描述” 。不管“二选一”还是“过程描述” ，请注意，一定不要忘了要结合地图中所体现的“人文与地理环境”进行相互的“比较与对比”且体现“比对结果” ；而这里的比对，前者是“横向比对” ，强调各自“优缺点比对” ，后者则是“纵向比对” ，强调“新旧变化” 。解题思路有了，那么剩下的是语言上的事情了。在语言上，请你注意以下几个方面：首先，平时要多积累表示“方位、比对、变化”等方面的词汇和句子表达；其次，要注意时态的选择， “二选一”型常用一般现在时态，而“过程描述”型
13、则要视题目而定，往往综合运用一般过去时态、一般现在时态和现在完成时态；最后，要注意语态的把握，要主动与被动相互结合运用，记住适当被动能给考官好印象，但切忌出现人称代词。请结合小编上述内容，操练以下经博主改编成的地图题范文选词填空练习，以加强你的雅思地图题写作。 （笔者这里特注，题目与范文都来自剑 5TEST3 中的 TASK 1）The picture illustrates/demonstrates/compares two possible locations for a supermarket (which is) planned in the town of Garlsdon with
14、 a population of 65,000.One proposed site is in the countryside, northwest of Gralsdon. One advantage for this plan is that it is close to the residential areas in the north, therefore the local inhabitants have an easy access to it. What is more, the place is twelve kilometres away from Hindon wher
15、e 10,000 residents live. These people are potential customers for this market.The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.Another proposed location is located/situated in the centre of Garlsdon ( There
16、is no traffic in this zone). One advantage for this place is that local residents/inhabitants/people are among the potentail customers. What is more, it is 25 km northwest Cransdon( population 29,000) and northeast Brandson. For these reason, there will be a better prospect for business and more pot
17、ential customers.The map reveals two possible locations of a supermarket for town of Garlsdon with a population of 65,000.It can seen from the picture that S1(one suggested location) is a cite/place in the countryside which is closer to the town of Hindon where approximately 1000 local residents liv
18、e and which is 12 kilometers to the northwest of Garlsdon. Also noteworthy is the fact that this cite is located near mainroad, therefore, potential customers have an easy access to this place by car.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new super
19、market (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.The first potential location ( _) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off _to the town of Hin
20、don, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site is in the _and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it _ to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car. As it is also close to the railway line linking the towns to Cransdon (25 km to the south-east),
21、 a potentially_ number of shoppers would also be able to travel by _._, the suggested location, _, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents. Theorically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, _as the central area is a _
22、 zone, cars would be _ to park and access would be difficult._, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site (S1) would probably offer _ advantages.The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited ju
23、st off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it accessable to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car. As it is also close to the railway li
24、ne linking the who towns to Cransdon (25 km to the south-east), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents. Theorically the store could be accessed by road
25、or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the central area is a no-traffic zone, cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site (S1) would probably offer more advantages.
