1、初一年级（上）初一年级（上）初一年级（上） 【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. Sit down2. on duty3. in English4. have a seat5. at home6. look like7. look at8. have a look9. come on10. at work11. at school12. put on13. look after14. get up15. go shoppingII. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth.2. What about?3. Lets do sth.4. Its time to do sth.5. Its ti
2、me for 6. Whats? It is/ Its7. Where is? Its.8. How old are you? Im.9. What class are you in? Im in.10. Welcome to.11. Whats plus? Its.12. I think13. Whos this? This is.14. What can you see？ I can see.15. There is (are) .16. What colour is it (are they)? Its (Theyre)17. Whose is this? Its.18. What ti
3、me is it? Its.III. 交际用语1. Good morning, Miss/Mr.2. Hello! Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.4. How are you? Im fine, thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later.6. Thank you! Youre welcome.7. Goodbye! Bye!8. Whats your name? My name is .9. Here you are. This way, please.10. Whos
4、on duty today?11. Lets do.12. Let me see.IV. 重要语法1. 动词 be 的用法；2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4. 冠词的基本用法；5. There be 句型的用法。【名师讲解】1. in/on在表示空间位置时，in 表示在某个空间的范围以内，on 表示在某一个物体的表面之上。例如：There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。2. this/that/these/those(1)this 常常用来指在时间、地点上
5、更接近初一年级（下）初一年级（下）初一年级（下） 【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. a bottle of2. a little3. a lot (of)4. all day5. be from6. be over7. come back8. come from9. get down10. go shopping11. have a drink of12. would like13. get home14. get to15. get up16. have lunch17. have supper18. listen to19. notat all20. putaway21. take off
6、22. on a farm23. in a factory24. have a look25. have breakfast 26. do the shopping27. throw it like that28. do ones homework29. in the middle of the day30. in the morning / afternoon/ eveningII. 重要句型1. Let sb. do sth.2. Could sb. do sth.?3. would like sth.4. would like to do sth.5. What about someth
7、ing to eat?6. How do you spell ?7. May I borrow?III. 交际用语1. Thanks very much!Youre welcome.2. Put it/them away.3. Whats wrong?4. I think so. I dont think so.5. I want to take some books to the classroom.6. Give me a bottle of orange juice,please.7. Whats your favourite sport?8. Dont worry.9.Im (not)
8、 good at basketball.10. Do you want a go?11. Thats right./ Thats all right./ All right.12. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?Yes, I do. / No, I dont.13. We / They have some CDs.We / They dont have any CDs.14. -What day is it today / tomorrow?-Its Monday.15. -May I borrow your colour pens,
9、please?-Certainly. Here you are.16. -Where are you from?-From Beijing.17.Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.18. -Where are you from?-From Beijing.19. Whats your telephone number in New York?20. -Do you like hot dogs?-Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)-No, I dont. ( I dont like them a
10、t 讲话人的人和事，these 是 this 的复数形式 。that 常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事，those 是 that 的复数形式。例如：You look in this box and Ill look in thatone over there.你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒子。I want this car, not that car. 我想要这辆小汽车，不是那一辆。Take these books to his room, please. 请把这些书拿到他房间去。This is mine; thats yours. 这个是我的，那个是你的。These ar
11、e apples; those are oranges. 这些是苹果，那些是橘子。(2)在打电话的用语中，this 常常指的是我，that 常常指的是对方。例如：This is Mary speaking. Whos that? 我是玛丽。你是谁？3. There be/ haveThere be “有“，其确切含意为“某处或某时存在某人或某物。“其结构是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地点或时间的状语 。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语，be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致，be 动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用 is，名词是 复数时用are。例如：(1) Ther
12、e is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可乐。(2) There is a doll in the box. 那个盒子里有个娃娃。(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那树上有许多苹果。总之，There be 结构强调的是 一种客观存在的“有“。have 表示“拥有，占有，具有“ ，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。例如：(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。(5) That
13、 house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表示“看、瞧”，着重指认真看，强调看的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不一定all.)21. -What does your mother like?-She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.22. -When do you go to school every day?-I go to school at 7:00 every day.23. -What time does he go to bed in the evening
14、?-He goes to bed at 10:00. IV. 重要语法1.人称代词的用法；2. 祈使句；3. 现在进行时的构成和用法；4动词 have 的用法；5一般现在时构成和用法；6可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法【名师讲解】1. Thats right./ Thats all right./ Allright.Thats right 意为“对的”，表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。例如：“I think we must help the old man.“我想我们应该帮助这位老人。“Thats right.“或 “Youre right.“说得对“。Thats all
15、 right.意为“不用谢”、 “没关系”，用用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如：“Many thanks.“ “Thats all right.“Sorry. Its broken.“ “Thats all right.“All right.意为“行了”、 “可以”，表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”“Please tell me about it.“ “请把此事告诉我。“All right.“好吧。“Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗2. make/do这两个词都可以解释为“做”，但含义却不同，不能混用。make 指做东西或制东西，do 指做一件具
16、体的事。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能为我做个纸船吗？Hes doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业。3. say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为“说出”、 “说道”，着重所说的话。如：“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。 ”看到，以提醒对方注意。，如：Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子们在玩电脑游戏。Look! Whats that over the
17、re? 看！那边那个是什么？单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人/物，其后接介词 at，才能带宾语，如：Hes looking at me。 他正在看着我。(2)see 强调“看”的结果，着重的是 look 这个动作的结果，意思是“看到”，see 是及物动词，后面能直接跟宾语。如：What can you see in the picture? 你能在图上看到什么？Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“观看，注视”，侧重于场面 ，表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动，强调过程，常用于“看电视、看
18、足球、看演出”等。如：Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。4. put on/ / in put on 意为“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作, 后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。in 是介词，表示“穿着”，强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如：Its cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子，走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is Johns moth
19、er.穿白色衬衣的穿白色衬衣的是 John 的妈妈。5. house/ home/familyhouse ：“房子”，指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”，指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方; Family : “家庭“， “家庭成员”。例如：Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午请到我家来。He is not at home. 他不在家。My family all get up early. 我们全家都起得很早。6. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容词表示“好“之意，但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表Ple
20、ase say it in English .请用英语说speak : “说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词 (即后面不能直接接宾语 ) 。如：Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情况？I dont like to speak like this. 我不喜欢这样说话。speak 作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。如：S he speaks English well.她英语说得好。talk : 与 speak 意义相近，也着重说话的动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，一般也只用作不及物动词， 不过，talk 暗示
21、话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。如：I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。tell : “告诉”，除较少情况外，一般后面总接双宾语。如：Hes telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。tell a lie 撒谎tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4. do cooking
22、/ do the cookingdo cooking 作“做饭”解，属泛指。do the cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking 为动名词，不能用作复数，但前面可用 some, much 修饰。从 do some cooking 可引出许多类似的短语：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 买些东西do some reading 读书do some writing 写些东西do some fishing 钓鱼从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用 some, much 或定冠词。go shopping 去买东西go fishing 去钓鱼语。
23、主要区别在于：(1) fine 指物时表示的是 质量上的“精细“，形容人时表示的是“身体健康“，也可以用来指“天气晴朗“。例如：Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体很健康。Thats a fine machine. 那是一台很好的机器。Its a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好时候。(2) nice 主要侧重于 人或物的外表，有“美好“，“漂亮“的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如：Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet
24、 you. 见到你很高兴。Its very nice of you. 你真好。(3)good 形容人时指“ 品德好“，形容物时指“质量好“，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如：Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个好学生。The red car is very good. 那辆红色小汽车很好。(4)well 只可用来形容人的“身体好 “，但不能作定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如：Im very well, thanks. 我身体很好，谢谢。My friends sing well. 我的朋友们歌唱得好。【考点扫描】1. 动词 be 的用法
25、；2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4. 冠词的基本用法；5. There be 句型的用法。6. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；7. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。初二年级（上）初二年级（上）初二年级（上） 【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. have some problems doing sth.2. go the wrong way3. in the open air4. on Mid-Autumn Day5. on the left/right side6. at the same time7. the day before yesterday8. half
26、 an hour ago9. a moment ago10. in the country11. the day after tomorrow12. go on a field tripgo boating 去划船go swimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth. 与 like to do sth. 意思相同，但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性；后者表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如：He likes playing football, but he doesnt like to play
27、football with Li Ming.他喜欢踢足球，但是他不喜欢和李明踢。6. other/ others/ the other/ anotherother 表其余的，别的，Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题吗?others 别的人，别的东西In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美国人,其他的是法国人。the other 表另一个（二者之中）one，the other 表示另一个（二者之中）one，the otherOne of my two broth
28、ers studies English, the other studies Chinese.我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。another 表示三者以上的另一个 ，另一些There is room for another few books on the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。7. in the tree/ on the treein the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均为“在树上“但英语中有区别。in the tree 表示某人、某事（不属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在树上，表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，要使用 on the tree.如： T
29、here are some apples on the tree. 那棵树上有些苹果。 There is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只鸟。8. some/ any (1)some 和 any 既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要 注意。some 常用于肯定句中，any 常用于否定13. on time 14. best wishes 15. give a talk 16. for example 17. short for18. a waste of time19. go fishing20. I agree21. next week22. have
30、a picnic23. hurry up24. get together25. by the way26. all the time27. come over28. have to 29. get home 30. agree with 31. in town 32. all the same33. in front of34. next to 35. up and down36. just now37. keep healthy38. grow up39. at first40. last SaturdayII. 重要句型1. have fun doing sth. 2. Why dont
31、you?3. Were going to do sth.4. start with sth.5. Why not? 6. Are you going to?7. be friendly to sb.8. Youd better do sth.9. ask sb. for sth.10. say goodbye to sb.11. Good luck(with sb)!III. 交际用语1.Welcome backto school!2.Excuse me. Im sorry Im late, because the traffic is bad. 3.It doesnt matter.4.Ha
32、ppy Teachers Day !5.Thats a good idea.6.What are you going to do？7.Where are we going ?8.What are we going to do ? 9.Im good at10.Its not far from11. Are you free tomorrow evening?12.Would you and Lily like to come over to my home for Mid-Autumn Festival?13.Im glad you can come.14.Thanks for asking
33、us.15.How about another one?16.May I have a taste?17.Let me walk with you.18.What do you have to do?19.Do you live on a farm?20.Which do you like better, the city or the country?21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens?22.Shall we go at ten? Good idea!23.-Lets make it half past one. -OK.24.
34、-Why not come a little earlier? -All right.25.Its over there on the right.26.Excuse me. Wheres the nearest post office, please?27.Im sorry I dont know.28.Youd better29.Thank you all the same.30.Which bus do I take?31.Go along this road.32.What day was it yesterday?33.Im sorry to hear that.34.I hope
35、youre better now.35.Why did you call me?句和疑问句中。如：There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isnt any water in the glass.(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，或在表示请求，邀请的疑问句中，我们依然用 some。如：Would you like some tea?9. tall/ high (1)说人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用 tall，不用 high，例如 :a tall woman 一个高个子妇女a t
36、all horse 一个高大的马 (2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用 high，而不用 tall，比如人站在桌子上时，飞机飞上天时，例如： He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在树上。The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机在空中这么高。 (3)指建筑物、山时要 tall 或 high 都可以，不过 high 的程度比 tall 高。 (4)high 可作副词，tall 不能。 (5)tall 的反义词为 short, high 的反义词为low.10. can/ could(1) can 表示体力和脑力方面的能力，或根据客观
37、条件能做某种动作的“能力 “。例如：Can you ride a bike？ 你会骑自行车吗？What can I do for you？ 要帮忙吗？Can you make a cake？ 你会做蛋糕吗？(2) can 用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的“怀疑“ 猜测“或不肯定。例如：Where can he be？ 他会在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？ 这个消息会是真的吗？It surely cant be six oclock already？ 不可能已经六点钟了吧？You cant be hungry so soon， Tom， youve just had
38、 lunch.汤姆，你不可能饿得这么快，你刚吃过午饭。What can he mean？ 他会是什么意思？36.I called to tell【名师讲解】1. on the street / in the street表示“在街上”时，on the street 和 in the street 都可以，在美国多用 on the street, 在英国多用 in the street. 例如：We have a house in the street. 我们在街上有座房子。I met him on the street. 我在街上遇见了他。2. would like / like would
39、like 和 like 含义不同。like 意思是“喜欢”， “爱好”，而 would like 意思是“想要”。试比较：I like beer.=Im fond of beer. 我喜欢喝啤酒。Id like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。Do you like going to the cinema? 你喜欢看电影吗？Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看电影吗？3. another / the other(1)another 通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量
40、中的任意一个人或 物体。 例如：May I have another apple, please? 请在给我一个苹果好吗？This coat is too small for me. Please show me another 这件外套我穿太小，请再给我拿一件看看。(2)the other 通常指两者中的另一个 。例如：He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有两把尺子，一把短的，另一把长的。I have two brothers. One works in Xian . The other works in Beijing.
41、 我有两个兄弟，一个在西安工作，另一个在北京工作。4. have to /must (1)have to 和 must 都可以用来谈论义务，但用法略有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去做而又想去时，常用 must。如果谈论某种来自“外界”的义务，常用 have to。例如：I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟。 （自己想戒烟）They have to work for the boss.(3) could：could 是 can 的过去式，表示过去有过的能力和可能性（在否定和疑问句中）。例如： The doctor said he could help him.（能力）医生说他能帮
42、助他。Lily could swim when she was four years old.（能力）当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。At that time we thought the story could be true.（可能性）那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。could 可代替 can 表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转。例如：Could I speak to John， please？ 我能和约翰说话吗？Could you？ 在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如：Could you wait half an hour？ 请你等半个小时好吗？Could you please ring agai
43、n at six？ 六点钟请你再打电话好吗？(4) can 的形式只有现在式 can 和过去式 could 两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态，有时也能表示将来。有其他时态（包括将来时）须用 be able to 加动词不定式来表示 。例如：They have not been able to come to Beijing. 他们没有能到北京来。11. look for/ findlook for 意为“寻找”，而 find 意为 “找到，发现”，前者强调“找”这一动作，并不注重“找”的结果，而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如：She cant find her ruler. 她找不到她
44、的尺子啦。Tom is looking for his watch， but he cant find it.汤姆正在寻找他的手表，但没能找到。12. be sleeping/ be asleepbe sleeping 表示动作，意思是“正在睡觉”；be asleep 表示状态，意思是“睡着了”。如：-What are the children doing in the 他们不得不为那个老板工作。 （条件逼得他们去工作） (2)have to 可用于多种时态，must 只能用于一般现在时。例如：Ill have to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必须早
45、早起床。We had to work long hours every day in order to get more money.为了多挣钱，我们不得不每天长时间地工作。(3)用于否定句时，mustnt 意思是“决不能”，“禁止”，而 dont have to 意思是“不必”，相当于 neednt。例如：You mustnt be late again next time.下一次你决不能再迟到。You dont have to go there today. You can go there tomorrow.你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。5. hear sb. or sth.doi
46、ng sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.hear sb. or sth.doing sth.意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事”，而 hear sb. or sth. do sth.意思是“听到某人或某物做过某事”。试比较：I heard him sing an English song.我听见他唱一首英文歌。类似 hear 这种用法的还有 see, watch, listen, feel 等感官动词。6. any /someany 和 some 都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用，但 some 一般用在肯定句中；any 用在疑问句和否定句中。试比较：I wa
47、nt some money. 我想要点钱。Have you any money? 你有钱吗？I dont have any money. 我一点钱也没有。some 有时也用于疑问句，表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”。例如：Would you like some more beer?请你再来点啤酒好吗？Could I have some rice, please?请给我来点米饭好吗？7. hear /listen tolisten to 和 hear 都有“听”的意思，但含义有所不同。Listen to 强调“听”的动作 ，hear 强调“听”的结果。例如：Listen to me
48、,please! Im going to tell youroom? 孩子们在房间里做什么？-They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉。The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着了。13. often/ usually/sometimesoften 表示“ 经常“，sometimes 表示“有时候“，在表示发生频率上 often 要高于usually， usually 要高于 sometimes。这三个词表示的是经常性，一般性的动作或情况，常与一般现在时连用，常位于主要谓语动词的前面，其他谓语动词（be 动词，情态动词和助动词）的后面，有时也可位于句尾。如果
49、要加强语气，则放在句首。 We usually play basketball after school.我们通常放学后打篮球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有时，我睡觉很早。He often reads English in the morning.他经常在早晨读英语。14. how much/ how manyhow much 常用来询问某一商品的价格，常见句式是 How much is / are?How much is the skirt? 这条裙子多少钱？How much are the bananas? 这些香蕉多少钱？how much 后加不可数名词，表示数量，意为“多少“，how many 后加可数名词的复数形式。How much meat do you wa
