1、西南交通大学吧 友情赠送 1四级基础精品词汇讲义主讲：任志远欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材大学词汇常用的前缀和后缀1. 常用前缀aero-: concerning the air of aircraftplane-aeroplanespace-aerospaceanti-: against: opposite ofnuclear-antinuclearmatter-antimatterwar-antimatterauto-: of or by oneselfbiography-autobiographycriticism-autocriticismbe-: to treat as the stat
2、ed thingfriend-befriendlittle-belittlebi-: two; twice; doublelingual-bilingualcycle-bicyclebio-: concerning living thingschemistry-biochemistrysphere-biosphereby-, bye-: less importantproduce-by-produceway-bywaycenti-: hundredth partgrade-centigrademeter-centimeterco-: together, withauthor-coauthore
3、xist-coexistcol-: (used before l) together, withlocation-collocationcom-(used before b, m, p) together, withpassion-compassioncon-: together, withcentric-concentric西南交通大学吧 友情赠送 2federation-confederationcontra-: oppositediction-contradictionnatural-contranaturalcor-: (used before r) together, withrel
4、ate-correlaterespond-correspondcounter-: oppositeact-counteractattack-counterattackcross-: across; going between the stated things and joining themcountry-crosscountrybreed-crossbreedde-:showing an opposite;to remove;to reducecode-decodevalue-devaluedis-: not; the opposite ofadvantage-disadvantageag
5、ree-disagreehonest-dishonestem-:(used before b, m, p ) to cause to becamebody-embodypower-empoweren-: to cause to become; to makedanger-endangerlarge-enlargeex-: former (and still living )minister-ex-ministerwife-ex-wifeextra-: outside; beyondcurricular-extracurricularordinary-extraordinaryfore-: in
6、 advance,before; in or an the frontarm-forearmwarn-forewarnil-: (used before l ) notlegal-illegalliterate-illiterateim-: (used before b, m, p ) notmoral-immoralpossible-impossiblein-: notdirect-indirectsensitive-insensitiveinfra-: below in a range; beyondred-infraredstructure-infrastructureinter-: b
7、etween; amongchange-interchangenational-internationalintra-: inside, within; intocity-intracitydepartment-intra-departmentir-: (used before r ) notregular-irregularresponsible-irresponsiblekilo-: thousandgram-kilogrammeter-kilometermacro-: large,esp.concerning a whole system rather than particular p
8、arts ofeconomics-macroeconomicsstructure-macrostructuremal-: bad or badlyfunction-malfunctiontreat-maltreatmicro-: extremely smallcomputer-microcomputer西南交通大学吧 友情赠送 3electronics-microelectronicsmid-: middleday-middaynight-midnightmini-: small; shortbus-minibusskirt-miniskirtmis-: bad or badly ; wron
9、g or wronglyfortune-misfortuneunderstand-misunderstandmono-: one; singleplane-monoplanetone-monotonemulti-: more than one; manypurpose-multipurposenational-multinationalnon-: notresident-non(-)residentsense-nonsenseout-: outside; beyondlive-outlivedoor-outdoorover-: too much; above; additionalhead-o
10、verheadtime-overtimepoly-: manycentric-polycentricsyllabic-polysyllabicpost-: later than; aftergraduate-postgraduatewar-postwarpre-:before; in advancepay-prepaywar-prewarpro-: in favor of, supportingAmerica-pro-Americaabortion-pro-abortionpseudo-: not real; falsename-pseudonymscience-pseudosiciencer
11、e-: again; back to the former stateuntie-reuniteuse-reuseself-: by means of oneself or inself; of, to, with, for, or inoneself or itselfemployed-self-employedtaught-self-taughtsemi-: half; partlycircle-semicirclefinal-semifinalstep-: not by birth but through a parent who has remarriedmother-stepmoth
12、erchildren-stepchildrensub-: under, below; less important; part of the stated biggerwholedivide-subdividesection-subsectionsuper-: more, larger, greader than usualmarket-supermarkernatural-supernaturaltele-: at or over a long distance; by or for televisioncommunication-telecommunicationscreen-telesc
13、reentherm(o)-: concerning heat西南交通大学吧 友情赠送 4chemistry-thermochemistrymeter-thermometertrans-: across, on or to the other side of; betweenAtlantic-transatlanticplant-transplanttri-: three; three timesangular-triangularcycle-tricycleultra-: beyond; very, extremelymodern-ultramodernsound-ultrasoundun-:
14、 notcertain-uncertainfortunate-unfortunateunder-: too little; belowdevelop-underdevelopsea-undersrauni-: one, singerform-uniformdirectional-unidirectionalcice-: next in the rank; belowchairman-vice-chairmanpresident-vice-president2. 常用后缀（1）名词后缀-ability, -ibilityable-abilityflexible-flexibility-agepo
15、st-postageshort-shortage-alarrive-arrivalrefuse-refusal-an, -ian, -arianlibrary-librarianmusic-musician-ance, -enceappear-appearancerefer-reference-ancy, -encyemerge-emergencyexpect-expectancy-arit, -entapply-applicantcorrespond-correspindent-cyaccurate-accuratcyprivate-privacy-domking-kingdomfree-f
16、reedom-eeemploy-employeeinterview-interviewee-er, -or, -arpaint-painterbeg-beggar-crybrave-braveryslave-slavery-eseChina-ChinaeseJapan-Japanese-essactor-actoress西南交通大学吧 友情赠送 5waiter-waiteress-fulhand-handfulspoon-spoonful-hoodchild-childhoodman-manhood-icselectron-electronicslinguist-linguistics-ion
17、, -ition, -ationcollect-collectionobserve-observation-ismMarx-Marxismsocialist-socialism-istpsychiatry-psychiatristviolin-violinist-ity, -tycruel-crueltypure-purity-mentmove-movementretire-retirement-nessdark-darknesshappy-happiness-ologyclimate-climatologyfuture-futureology-shipfriend-friendshipsch
18、olar-scholarship-sion, -ssiondecide-decisionexpand-expansion-thgrow-growthwide-width-ureclose-closureexpose-exposure（2）动词前缀-endeep-deepenfast-fasten-ifyclass-classifysimple-simplify-ize, -isemodern-modernize/modernisepopular-popularize/popularize（3）形容词后缀-able, -iblesuit-suitablequestion-questionable
19、-alnature-naturalstructure-structural-an, -arian, -iansuburb-suburbanCanada-Canadian-ant, -entdiffer-differentplease-pleasant西南交通大学吧 友情赠送 6-ary, -oryadvise-advisorycustom-customary-ateconsider-consideratefortune-fortunate-engold-goldenwood-wooden-eseChina-ChineseJapan-Japanese-freecarecarefreeduty-d
20、uty-free-fulcare-carefulpain-painful-ic, -icalatom-atomicpsychology-psychological-ishgirl-girlishchild-childish-ivecreate-creativesupport-supportive-lesshope-hopelesspain-painless-likechild-childlikelady-ladylike-lyman-manlymonth-monthly-ous, -iousdanger-dangerouspoison-poisonous-sometire-tiresometr
21、ouble-troublesome-warddown-downwardup-upward-yguilt-guiltynoise-noisy（4）副词后缀-lyeasy-easilyheavy-heavily-ward, -wardseast-eastward(s)north-nortward(s)-wiseclock-clockwiseother-otherwise西南交通大学吧 友情赠送 7四级高频前缀 （prefix）1. inter=between, among 变化型：enter-, intel- 如：interfere, interval, interview, entertain2
22、. en=in, into, on, at, near 进入某种状态，使，使成为 变化型：em-如：enable, enclose, encourage, engage, enlarge3. dis=apart, away, not 表出去，剥夺，反对及加强语气作用。变化型：de-, des-,di-, s- 如：distinguish, dispute, dismiss, dispel, discard, disturb4. re=again, back, against 变化型：red-, ren- 如：remind, reflect, refine, resolve, reaction,
23、 resist5. com=together, with, wholly 变化型：co-, col-, comb-, con-, cor-, cor-, coun-如：combine, comfort, coexist, collect, correct, conclude, counsel, council6. pre=before如：preside, precede, prevail, prelude7. per=through, thoroughly, away 变化型：par-, pel-, pil-如：perfect, persist, permit, perform, perspe
24、ctive, persuade, pardon8. pro=for, before, forth, forward 向前，赞成。变化型：pur, pr-(pro-的变体)如：profound, proceed, purpose, prominent9. ex=out of, fully 变化型： a-, e-, ec-, ef-, es-, iss-, s-如：exhibit, sample, elect, escape10. trans-beyond, across, over 变化型：tran-, tra-, tres-如: transfer, transform, transmit, t
25、ransport, transparent11. fore=before如：forearm, forefather, foresee, foretell, foreword, forecast西南交通大学吧 友情赠送 812. tele=far off如：telegram, telephone, television, telescope13. un=not 在名词，形容词，副词前，表示“否定”如：unable, undo, unlike, unlikely14. sub=under如：substitute, submerge, succeed15. mono-=single, sole, a
26、lone 变化型：mon-如：monologue, monopoly, monotony, monarch, monk16. op, ob=near; against如：oppose, obvious, obtain, opportunity, observe, object17. uni=one如：unique, uniform, universe, unity18. counter=against 变化型： contra, anti如：counteract, counterpart, encounter, contrary四级高频后缀（ Suffix）1. 常用名词后缀列表后缀 中英文释义
27、 例词-acy state or quality of状态或性质 privacy 隐私accuracy 精确-age acton or state of行动或状态 shortage 短缺advantage 优势-al relating to关于，与相关 refusal 拒绝arrival 到达-an, -ian one who的人 guardian 监护人American 美国人-ance, -ence state of quality of状态或性质 independence 独立performance 表演-ant, -ent one who的人 dependant 侍从resident
28、居民-ary place for, dealing with的地点，用于 library 图书古纳dictionary 字典-dom place, condition地点，状态 kingdom 王国freedom 自由-ee one who receives an action动作的承受者 employee 雇员trainee 受训员-er, -ar, -or one who or a thing that的人或工具 farmer 农夫beggar 乞丐西南交通大学吧 友情赠送 9cooker 厨具tractor 拖拉机actor 演员-ese, -er, -ian inhabitant of
29、的居民Chinese 中国人southerner 南方人Canadian 加拿大人-ess one who, female的人，女性 actress 女演员hostess 女主人-hood state or condition of状态或条件 childhood 童年boyhood 少年时代-ing a noun名词 feeling 感觉，感情building 建筑-ion, -tion state or quality of状态或性质 union 联盟pronunciation 发音-sion state or quality of状态或性质 decision 决定revision 修改，校
30、订-ism state or quality of状态或性质 realism 现实主义capitalism 资本主义-ist, -tist one who的人 realist 现实主义者scientist 科学家-ity, -ty state or quality of状态或性质 reality 现实specialty 特产，专业-ment state or quality of状态或性质 government 政府movement 运动-ness state or quality of状态或性质 attractiveness 魅力illness 疾病-ship state or qualit
31、y of状态或性质 friendship 友谊sponsorship 赞助-th state or quality of状态或性质 truth 真理warmth 温暖-ure state or quality of状态或性质 failure 失败pleasure 快乐2. 常用形容词后缀列表后缀 中英文释义 例词-able, -ible able to be能的 suitable 合适的responsible 负责任的-al relating to与有关的 national 民族的original 原来的-ant, -ent having the nature of具有性质的 dominant
32、 支配的independent 独立的-ar,-ic,-ish having the nature of具有性质的familiar 熟悉的historic 历史上著名的boyish 孩子气的西南交通大学吧 友情赠送 10-en state or quality of有的状态或质地的 golden 金子的broken 打碎了的-fic having the nature of具有性质的 specific 明确的scientific 科学的-ful full of充满的 careful 小心的helpful 有帮助的-ive, -ative having the nature of具有性质的 at
33、tractive 有魅力的talkative 健谈的-less without, free of无的，缺乏的 careless 粗心的homeless 无家可归的-ous having the nature of具有性质的 famous 著名的hazardous 危险的-tious, -cious having the nature of具有性质的 ambitious 有野心的suspicious 怀疑的-ious having the nature of具有性质的 anxious 焦急的furious 狂怒的-some having the nature of具有性质的 troublesom
34、e 麻烦的quarrelsome 好争吵的-ward direction朝向的 upward 向上southward 向南3. 常用动词后缀列表后缀 中英文释义 例词-ate -to make, to cause使，造成 activate 刺激animate 鼓舞-en to make or to cause to do使，造成 soften 软化deepen 加深-fy, -ify to make or to cause to do使，造成 beautify 美化simplify 简化-ize, -ise to make, act like使，像一样活动 modernize 使现代化advertise 做广告4. 常用副词后缀列表后缀 中英文释义 例词ly in a certain manner以某种方式 quickly 迅速地skillfully 熟练地-ward direction方向 forward 向前inward 内向
